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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Mesin CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan SULUH: Jurnal Abdimas Jurnal Abdimas Madani dan Lestari (JAMALI) Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal INTEGRITAS : Jurnal Pengabdian ASAWIKA: Media Sosialisasi Abdimas Widya Karya Jurnal Abdi Insani Buletin Profesi Insinyur Academia Open Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Peka: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat SENAPAS Widya Teknik
Adriana Anteng Anggorowati
Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
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Journal : Academia Open

 1 
Optimization of DC Motor PID Control Using the Ziegler–Nichols Method with Encoder and Op-Amp (Lm324): Optimasi Kontrol PID Motor DC Menggunakan Metode Ziegler–Nichols Dengan Encoder Dan Op-Amp (Lm324) Syahrorini, Syamsudduha; Akmaludin, Mohammad; Mubarok, Mohammad Syahrul; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12875

Abstract

Design and optimization of PID controller for Arduino Uno-based DC motor with encoder feedback and signal conditioning using LM324 op-amp. The method used is Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) to obtain the initial parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd from the measurement of ultimate gain (Ku) and oscillation period (Pu). The plant model uses a digital implementation of a DC motor including anti-windup, first-order filtered derivatives, and PWM voltage limiting. The test data in the form of step response, disturbance rejection, and sensitivity to noise are analyzed using rise time, overshoot, settling time, IAE, and ISE indicators. The analysis results of Ku≈11.3 and Pu≈0.3 s produce Kp≈6.80, Ki≈45.31, Kd≈0.25, with fast response and acceptable overshoot; fine-tuning reduces oscillation and accelerates steady-state time. The conclusion is that the LM324 encoder improves feedback accuracy, while ZN is effective as a starting point for tuning for stable and robust performance. Highlights: Accurate tuning using Ziegler–Nichols method provides effective initial PID parameters. LM324 signal conditioning enhances encoder feedback precision. Optimized response achieves fast rise time with minimal overshoot and stable steady-state. Keywords: PID, Ziegler–Nichols, motor DC, encoder, LM324
Analysis of a Single-Phase Transformer Protection Control System Using a Microcontroller: Analisis Sistem Kontrol Proteksi Transformator Satu Fase Menggunakan Mikrokontroler R.S., Dwi Hadidjaja; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng; U.N, Dewi Handayani
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12990

Abstract

General Background: Single-phase distribution transformers frequently experience overcurrent, overvoltage, and thermal stress, which account for a significant portion of operational failures in low-voltage networks. Specific Background: Conventional thermal–electromechanical relays exhibit slow response times (150–300 ms) and lack real-time multi-parameter monitoring, limiting their ability to prevent insulation degradation under rapidly fluctuating loads. Knowledge Gap: Prior microcontroller-based protection studies rarely provide quantitative benchmarking against conventional relays, lack integrated current–voltage–temperature sensing, and often omit controlled fault-injection experiments for latency validation. Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate a microcontroller-based protection system using calibrated ACS712, ZMPT101B, and NTC sensors with real-time decision logic to reduce fault-detection latency and improve protection reliability. Results: Experimental testing on single-phase transformer fault-injection scenarios demonstrated detection latencies of 84 ms (overcurrent), 96 ms (overvoltage), and 112 ms (thermal), with sensor errors below 2.4%, a 98.1% trip success rate, and only 1.3% false positives across 50 cycles. Novelty: The system integrates low-error multi-parameter sensing with sub-120-ms response and provides the first quantitative benchmark showing performance improvements over conventional relays. Implications: Findings confirm that optimized low-cost microcontroller platforms can serve as scalable, accurate, and time-efficient protection solutions for distribution transformers, supporting future development of intelligent protection systems. Highlights: Sub-120 ms fault-detection latency significantly outperforms conventional relays. Multi-parameter sensing (current–voltage–temperature) enhances reliability and reduces missed trips. Low-cost microcontroller platform provides a scalable and accurate protection alternative for distribution systems. Keywords: Fault Detection, Microcontroller-Based Protection, Thermal Monitoring, Transformer Protection System, Overcurrent–Overvoltage
Component Tolerance and Performance of 2-Way Passive Crossovers: Toleransi Komponen dan Kinerja Penyeberang Pasif Dua Arah Ahfas, Akhmad; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng; R.S., Dwi Hadidjaja
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12997

Abstract

General Background: Passive 2-way crossover filters play a crucial role in dividing audio signals between woofer and tweeter channels, where their performance is highly dependent on the precision of passive components. Specific Background: Variations in capacitor and inductor values, along with their tolerances, can significantly alter crossover frequency, phase characteristics, and harmonic distortion, yet these effects are not fully quantified in practical implementations. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies provide an integrated empirical–analytical assessment of how component deviations influence frequency response, THD, and impedance stability in real passive 2-way filters. Aims: This study evaluates the influence of component tolerances on crossover frequency accuracy, filter slope behavior, phase stability, and distortion performance. Results: Experimental findings show that ±10–15% component deviations shift crossover frequency by 7.1–8.5%, reduce filter slope by 2.1–3.2 dB/octave, increase THD from 0.8% to 3.2% at 10W, and induce impedance fluctuations that shift the crossover point by an additional 3.2%. Inductors exhibit higher sensitivity (0.72–0.78) than capacitors (0.45–0.52). Novelty: This study provides a combined simulation–measurement analysis linking component tolerance to measurable acoustic deviations. Implications: The results highlight the need for ≤5% tolerance components and pre-assembly verification to ensure stable crossover performance. Highlights: Component tolerances significantly shift crossover frequency and reduce filter accuracy. Inductors have a stronger impact on system performance than capacitors. Using ≤5% tolerance components improves stability, distortion, and overall audio quality. Keywords: Passive Crossover Filter, Component Tolerance, Crossover Frequency Shift, Total Harmonic Distortion, Impedance Stability
Co-Authors Afendi, Yulius Afifah, Risdiana Cholifatul Ahmad Ahfas Akmaludin, Mohammad Andrew Joewono Andrew Joewono Andrew Joewono, Andrew Androva, Althesa Angka, Peter Rhatodirdjo Ayuningtyas, Debora Chatarina Dian Indrawati Dany Wibowo Diyah Tulipa Dyna Rachmawati Ernest, Edward H Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas Felycia Edi Soetaredjo Gatut Phengkusaksomo Gunarto, Chintya Hadi Husna, Muhammad Qiqi Abai Ibnu Toto Husodo, Ibnu Toto Ikhwanudin, Ikhwanudin Ikhwanudin Imelda Panjaitan Ivan Gunawan Ivy Yuanita Juanda, Kevina Tomiko Juliana Anggono Laiman, Sean Jonathan Lestariningsih, Diana Lorensius Anang Setiyo Waloyo Lourentius, Suratno Ma'mun, Hisyam Malehere, Mario Marvin Putra Mubarok, Mohammad Syahrul Murdiyanto, Danang Palit, Wilthy Clinton Freinadementz Pranjoto, Hartono Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo R.S., Dwi Hadidjaja Rachman, Riza Rahmawati, Dyna Robik Anwar Dani Santoso, Shella Permatasari Silviyanti, Nurul Amalia Sitepu, Rasional Soejono Tjitro Suhesti, Endang Suratno Lourentius Suryadi Ismadji Suryadi Ismadji Suseno, Thomas Putut Indarto Syahrorini, Syamsudduha Theodorus Sandy Fangidae Thomas Indarto Putut Suseno Thomas Morus Papo Bage U.N, Dewi Handayani Velma Nindita, Velma Wardhani, Rinda Wenny Irawaty Wijaya, Christian Julius Yohanes Sudaryanto Yuliana, Maria