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All Journal Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (The Soedirman Journal of Nursing) JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung Jurnal Ners Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Mitra Raflesia (Journal of Health Science) Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Madago Nursing Journal Jurnal Salam Sehat Masyarakat (JSSM) JRKN Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat VJKM: Varians Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Novitasari, Prihatini Dini
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sriwijaya
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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The Association Between Children's Sex and Their Mothers' Occupation to Children's Body Mass Index Wanda, Dessie; Daulima, Novy Helena Chatarina; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini
Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman Vol 16, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Jurusan Keperawatan FIKES UNSOED

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jks.2021.16.3.1695

Abstract

Issues related to double-burden malnutrition in children remain crucial. It involves undernutrition and obesity problems in children. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between mother’s culture and feeding practices along with other factors and the child’s body mass index (BMI). This study was a cross-sectional study and involving 219 mother-child dyad whose children were studying at public elementary schools in DKI Jakarta and selected by using cluster random sampling. Univariate analysis was used to describe the characteristics of children and their parents, followed by bivariate analysis to describe the correlation between children and parents characteristics and obesity. The findings showed that mother’s culture and feeding practices were not significantly correlated to the child’s BMI. However, there were several factors significantly associated with the child’s BMI, namely sex (p:0.009; CI 95%) and mother’s occupation (p:0.026; CI 95%). From the findings, it can be concluded that girls are likely to have higher BMI and mothers working as an entrepreneur are likely to have children with higher BMI. Therefore, it is expected that nurses can provide optimal education related to malnutrition prevention, including obesity in children.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTERISTIK REMAJA PEREMPUAN DENGAN KONSUMSI TTD BERDASARKAN DATA PBL MAHASISWA DI KECAMATAN KELEKAR, GELUMBANG DAN LEMBAK Jasmine, Annisah Biancika; Lisa, Mona; Ambarwati, Dyah; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Muharramah, Disa Hijratul; Pulungan, Rafiah Maharani; Aulia, Fitri; Harwanto, Fatria; Yusri, Yusri; Erman, Ery
Mitra Raflesia (Journal of Health Science) Vol 16, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM STIKES BHAKTI HUSADA BENGKULU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51712/mitraraflesia.v16i2.463

Abstract

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Angka konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) di Indonesia menunjukkan tingkat yang sangat rendah, terutama di kalangan remaja putri. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, meskipun 76,2% remaja putri mendapatkan akses TTD, hanya 1,4% yang mengonsumsi lebih dari 52 butir selama periode yang dianjurkan. Secara keseluruhan, rendahnya konsumsi TTD di kalangan remaja putri mencerminkan perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai konsumsi TTD pada remaja putri dan edukasi kesehatan serta dukungan sosial untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan terhadap program suplementasi ini.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder berupa data PBL mahasiswa fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sriwijaya tahun 2024 di Kecamatan Kelekar, Gelumbang dan Lembak terhadap 96 remaja Perempuan dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik Total Sampling. Data kemudian dianalisis meng­gunakan analisi univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan SPSS versi 27. Analisis univariat bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik variabel. Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel yakni variabel karakteristik remaja dengan variabel konsumsi TTD.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji bivariat mengenai korelasi karakteristik responden dan status konsumsi TTD didapatkan bahwa analisis Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa umur (p=0,344), Pendidikan (p=0,334), status haid (p=0.051) dan usia MENARS (p=0.382) pada remaja Perempuan tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan konsumsi TTD. Mayoritas total remaja yang tidak mengkonsumsi TTD dengan frekuensi sebesar 78 orang (81.2%).Pembahasan: Meskipun ada rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan konsumsi TTD pada saat menstruasi, banyak remaja putri yang tidak teratur dalam mengonsumsinya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan, efek samping yang dirasakan, atau ketidaknyamanan saat mengonsumsi tablet. Selain itu, Banyak faktor lain yang mempengaruhi keputusan remaja putri untuk mengonsumsi TTD, termasuk pengetahuan tentang manfaatnya, dukungan dari keluarga dan teman, serta persepsi pribadi terhadap kesehatan mereka.Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar remaja Perempuan (81.2%) tidak mengkonsumsi TTD. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara umur, penddikan, status haid, dan usia MENARS dengan konsumsi TTD. Edukasi yang efektif dan dukungan kontinu dari berbagai pihak sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan konsumsi TTD di kalangan remaja putri.Kata Kunci: Karateristik remaja, remaja Perempuan, konsumsi TTD.  ABSTRACTIntroduction: The consumption rate of Iron Supplement Tablets (ITP) in Indonesia shows a very low level, especially among adolescent girls. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, although 76.2% of adolescent girls have access to ITP, only 1.4% consume more than 52 tablets during the recommended period. Overall, the low consumption of  ITP among adolescent girls reflects the need for further research on ITP consumption in adolescent girls, reproductive health education, and social support to increase awareness and compliance with this supplementation program.Method: This study used secondary data sources in the form of PBL data from students of the Faculty of Public Health, Sriwijaya University in 2024 in Kelekar, Gelumbang and Lembak Districts of 96 adolescent girls with a cross-sectional approach selected using the Total Sampling technique. The data were then analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using SPSS version 27. Univariate analysis aims to analyze the characteristics of the variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between two variables, which were the adolescent characteristic variable and the ITP consumption variable.Results: Based on the results of the bivariate test on the correlation of respondent characteristics and ITP consumption status, it was found that the Chi-Square analysis showed that age (p = 0.344), education (p = 0.334), menstrual status (p = 0.051) and MENARS age (p = 0.382) in female adolescents did not have a significant relationship with ITP consumption. The majority of adolescents did not consume ITP with a frequency of 78 people (81.2%).Discussion: Although there are recommendations to increase ITP consumption during menstruation, a lot of adolescents girls are not consuming ITP regularly. This can be caused by lack of knowledge, perceived side effects, or discomfort when taking the tablets. However, there are many other factors that can influence the decision of adolescent girls to consume ITP, including knowledge of its benefits, support from family and friends, and personal perceptions of their health.Conclusion: Most adolescent girls (81.2%) did not consume ITP regularly. There was no relationship between age, education, menstrual status, and MENARS age with TTD consumption. Effective education and continuous support from various parties are needed to increase awareness and compliance of ITP consumption among adolescent girls.Keywords: Characteristics of adolescents, adolescent girls, ITP consumption.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Peta Sebaran Penyakit bagi Pegawai Puskesmas Syukri, Muhammad; Butar-butar, Marta; Wisudariani, Evy; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Firman, Firman
Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat Vol 6 No 4 (2024): Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat: Desember 2024
Publisher : Global Health Science Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/jpm.v6i4.4904

Abstract

Efektifitas program surveilans penyakit merupakan fungsi utama pelayanan dari puskesmas. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan spasial seorang pegawai puskesmas sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung penyediaan informasi epidemiologi dan program pengendalian penyakit. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan meningkatan penguasaan dan keterampilan pemetaan penyakit pegawai Puskesmas Kebon Handil Kota Jambi dengan aplikasi Quantum GIS (QGIS). Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM adalah workshop//pelatihan langsung kepada 10 peserta. Pelatihan menggunakan modul dan dibimbing langsung oleh dosen fasilitator. Adapun untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dilakukan pre-post test. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan peserta tentang fungsi QGIS mengalami peningkatan sebelum pelatihan dominan pengetahuan peserta kurang (60,0%) dan setelah pelatihan pengetahuan menjadi dominan baik (60%) dengan tingkat keterampilan menggunakan aplikasi GIS sangat baik berdasarkan hasil/luaran karya peserta. Indikator penilaian mencakup tata cara menambahkan layer peta (basemap), memasukkan data penyakit sesuai wilayah, jumlah dan jenis kasus penyakit, dan menambahkan fitur analisis penyakit (heatmap) yang menampilkan area dengan konstrasi penyakit (rendah, sedang, tinggi). Dengan demikian, tim PkM menyimpulkan bahwa petugas puskesmas mampu mengikuti petunjuk dan menunjukkan penguasaan materi pelatihan QGIS.
Status Kesehatan dan Gizi dalam Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan sebagai Determinan Stunting Balita: Studi Cross-sectional Riskesdas 2018 Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Besral, Besral
Jurnal Ners Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): JULI 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v9i3.46069

Abstract

Abstrak Stunting masih menjadi permasalahan krusial yang dialami oleh anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara status kesehatan dan gizi dalam seribu hari pertama kehidupan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional untuk menganalisis data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia 2018 pada 6554 anak usia 0-23 bulan dan ibunya yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yakni usia 0-5 bulan, 6-11 bulan, dan 12-23 bulan dan dianalisis dengan regresi logistik ganda. Secara keseluruhan, prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan yakni 22,8%. Di usia 0-5 bulan, berat bayi lahir rendah dan riwayat inisiasi menyusu dini berhubungan dengan stunting, sedangkan di usia 6-11 bulan, usia gestasi dan waktu pertama MP-ASI berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting. Di usia selanjutnya, 12-23 bulan, BBLR dan panjang lahir berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting. Selanjutnya, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap stunting pada anak usia 0-5 bulan, 6-11 bulan, dan 12-23 bulan secara berturut-turut yakni berat bayi lahir rendah (OR= 2,56; 95%CI= 1,13 – 5,81), usia gestasi ketika lahir (OR= 1,49; 95%CI= 1,05 – 2,10), dan panjang lahir (OR= 1,69; 95%CI= 1,32 – 2,17). Jadi, BBLR, prematur, dan lahir pendek paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan dan sebaiknya skrining/deteksi stunting dilakukan secara berkala dengan melibatkan berbagai faktor risiko tersebut. Kata Kunci: Anak, Status kesehatan, Status Nutrisi, Stunting Abstract Stunting is still being crucial health problem in toddler in Indonesia. This research seeks to explore the relationship between health and nutritional status during the first thousand days of life and the incident of stunting in children aged 0 to 23 months in Indonesia. This research employed a cross-sectional approach to examine secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research, included 6,554 children aged 0-23 months along with their mothers. The children were categorized into three age groups: 0-5 months, 6-11 months, and 12-23 months. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression techniques. In summary, the prevalence of stunting among children aged 0-23 months was found to be 22.8%. For the age group of 0-5 months, factors such as low birth weight and the early initiation of breastfeeding were linked to stunting. In the 6-11month group, gestational age and the timing of the introduction of complementary foods showed significant associations with stunting. For children aged 12-23 months, low birth weight and birth length emerged as important factors related to stunting. Additionally, the primary determinants affecting stunting at each age interval were identified as follows: low birth weight (OR=2.56; 95%CI=1.13-5.81) for 0-5 months, gestational age at birth (OR=1.49; 95%CI=1.05-2.10) for 6-11 months, and birth length (OR=1.69;95%CI=1.32-2.17) for 12-23 months. LBW, prematurity, and short birth are the most influential factors in the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-23 months and stunting screening/detection should be carried out regularly by involving these various risk factors. Keywords: Children, Health Status, Nutritional Status, Stunting
Pemetaan Kerawanan serta Penentuan Prioritas Penanganan Penyakit Tuberkulosis di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2021 Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Inggarputri, Yuanita Rizky
VJKM: Varians Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Varians Statistik Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63953/vjkm.v1i1.4

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TBC) is one of several communicable diseases which is still being public health problem in the world and in Indonesia. In 2021, West Java Province is still the province with the highest number of tuberculosis cases in Indonesia. The high cases of tuberculosis cannot be separated from various risk factors that are still frequently encountered in the community. This study aims to describe the distribution of tuberculosis cases in West Java and determine priority areas for tuberculosis treatment based on spatial/regional risk factors. This research was conducted in West Java Province in 2022, carried out descriptively using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application with a scoring technique. The research data is in the form of secondary data that comes from several open data access units of analysis based on regency/city administration. The results showed that out of 27 regencies/cities, there were 5 regencies/cities with very high levels of vulnerability with the first treatment priority being Bandung City, onwards Purwakarta Regency, Cianjur Regency, Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency. The government is expected to be able to improve efforts to prevent and handle tuberculosis cases by prioritizing districts/cities with very high levels of vulnerability.
SEKOLAH SEHAT TANPA NARKOBA: EDUKASI BAHAYA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DI SMA PGRI INDRALAYA Tari, Putri Inrian; Pulungan, Rafiah Maharani; Aulia, Fitri; Ambarwati, Dyah; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini
JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Vol 9, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jmm.v9i2.29698

Abstract

Abstrak: Peredaran gelap narkoba dan penyalahgunaan narkoba marak terjadi di lingkungan pelajar. Masalah ini menjadi ancaman global yang tidak mengenal batas negara dan usia. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan siswa mengenai bahaya penyalahgunaan narkoba. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan/edukasi kesehatan kepada siswa kelas XII SMA PGRI Indralaya yang berjumlah 16 orang. Media yang digunakan yaitu poster, power point (PPT), dan video serta memberikan pretest dan posttest untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan pandangan siswa terhadap narkoba. Kegiatan ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa mengenai bahaya penyalahgunaan narkoba yang dibuktikan dengan semakin banyak siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik setelah diberikan edukasi kesehatan, dari 50% siswa menjadi 87.5% siswa.Abstract: Illegal drug trafficking and drug abuse are prevalent among students. This issue has become a global threat that transcends national and age boundaries. The purpose of this activity is to increase students' understanding and knowledge of the dangers of drug abuse. The method used is health counselling or education for 16 students in the 12th grade of SMA PGRI Indralaya. The media used include posters, PowerPoint (PPT), and videos, along with pretests and posttests to assess the students' knowledge and perspectives on drugs. The activity showed results that indicated an increase in students' knowledge about the dangers of drug abuse, as evidenced by the rise in the number of students with good knowledge after the health education, from 50% to 87.5%.
Mapping the vulnerability of stunting in toddlers based on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators in South Sumatra Province by 2023: descriptive spatial analysis Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Utami, Putri; Prameswari, Ayu; Ambarwati, Dyah
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 07 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i07.21467

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to map stunting vulnerability in children under five years of age by district/city based on stunting prevalence and WASH indicators. Methods: The research method employed was descriptive spatial analysis using a Geographic Information System (GIS) application with a scoring method, incorporating natural breaks in QGIS software. Results: As a result, Empat Lawang and South Ogan Komering Ulu districts are high-priority districts for an immediate response to stunting. Additionally, four districts/cities were classified as high-priority areas, three as medium-priority areas, five as low-priority areas, and three as very low-priority areas. Conclusion: Therefore, the government and communities are expected to increase efforts to prevent and handle stunting in children under five by prioritizing districts/cities with a very high level of vulnerability through expanding the availability of clean drinking water source and proper sanitation, and promoting clean and healthy living through optimal use of clean water and hand washing with soap.
Effect of FSMP on Weight Gain in Severely Underweight and Stunted Under-Five Patients Subardi, Arda Yunita; Yunilasari, Yunilasari; Kusaeri, Yuliana; Widjaja, Anna Maria Nurhajati; Fitroh, Nur Nida; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 5 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.7009

Abstract

Severely underweight in children under five, particularly severely underweight and stunting, remains a major public health issue with long-term impacts on human resource quality. One of the recommended interventions is the provision of Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) in healthcare facilities. This study aimed to determine the effect of the program on weight gain among underweight and stunted under-five patients in the Sakura Inpatient Ward of Bekasi Regional General Hospital. This was a true experimental study with a one-group pretest-post-test design. The sample was obtained through total sampling of all under-five patients aged 0–36 months with severely underweight and stunting who were hospitalized in the Sakura Inpatient Ward from January 2024 to June 2025, totalling 71 patients. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). There was an increase in the average body weight among severely underweight children from 5.31 kg to 5.63 kg (Δ = 0.32 kg; p < 0.001), and among those with both severely underweight and stunting from 4.97 kg to 5.34 kg (Δ = 0.37 kg; p < 0.001). The provision of program significantly increased body weight in under-five children with severely underweight, as well as those with combined severely underweight and stunting.
HEMOGLOBIN, BODY MASS INDEX, AND POSTPARTUM BLUES BASED ON EPDS SCORES: A CLINICAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Ummah, Kholifatul; Susila, Ida; Hubaedah, Annah; Kwarta, Cityta Putri; Fathiyyah, Nurul; Pratiwi, Dessy; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini
JURNAL RISET KESEHATAN POLTEKKES DEPKES BANDUNG, Online ISSN 2579-8103 Vol 17 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34011/juriskesbdg.v17i2.2927

Abstract

Postpartum blues adalah masalah kesehatan mental yang umum dialami oleh ibu setelah melahirkan, ditandai dengan perubahan suasana hati, perasaan sedih, dan gejala depresi.Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) terhadap risiko postpartum blues pada ibu postpartum kondisi ini jika tidak dikenali dan ditangani dapat berkembang menjadi gangguan depresi postpartum yang lebih berat. Penelitian kuantitatif observasional ini dilakukan di BPM Ida Susila Lamongan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu postpartum yang datang kontrol 1–2 minggu pasca persalinan. Sampel terdiri dari 30 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi mencakup ibu postpartum usia kehamilan cukup bulan (≥37 minggu), bersalin spontan, tidak memiliki riwayat gangguan mental, dan bersedia menjadi responden. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup ibu yang sedang menggunakan obat psikotropika atau memiliki komplikasi medis berat. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) dan rekam medis pasien, termasuk kadar Hb dan IMT.Hasil: Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan negatif yang kuat antara kadar Hb dan skor EPDS (r = -0,781, p < 0,05). Regresi linier menunjukkan bahwa Hb dan IMT secara signifikan mempengaruhi skor EPDS, dengan Hb memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar.Korelasi Pearson antara BMI dan EPDS menunjukkan hubungan positif sedang (r = 0.573, p < 0.05).Kesimpulan: Tingkat Hb yang rendah dan BMI yang tinggi adalah faktor risiko untuk postpartum blues.Studi ini menekankan pentingnya menjaga kadar Hb dan BMI yang sehat untuk mencegah postpartum blues.
The Hubungan Keberadaan Perokok Dan Bahan Bakar Memasak Dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Balita Di Kecamatan Kelekar, Gelumbang, Dan Lembak Utami, Putri; Novitasari, Prihatini Dini; Lewinsca, Maurend Yayank; Novitrie, Ayu; Harwanto, Fatria
Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institute Teknologi dan Kesehatan (ITEKES) Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37294/jrkn.v9i2.792

Abstract

Abstract Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a leading cause of morbidity among children under five in Indonesia. Household environmental factors, such as the presence of smokers and the type of cooking fuel used are often associated with an increased risk of ARI. This study aimed to analyze the association between these factors and ARI incidence among children under five in Kelekar, Gelumbang, and Lembak Subdistricts, Muara Enim Regency. A cross-sectional design was applied with a total sample of 1,276 households with children under five, obtained through total sampling. Data were collected using the 2024 PBL FKM Unsri questionnaire and analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Results showed an ARI prevalence of 5.9%; 75.2% of children lived with smokers, and 97.9% of households used clean fuels (gas/electricity). Bivariate analysis indicated no significant association between the presence of smokers and ARI incidence (p=0.981) nor between the type of cooking fuel and ARI incidence (p=1.000). In conclusion, these two factors were not associated with ARI incidence. Other factors, such as household ventilation, low smoking frequency, outdoor smoking habits, as well as nutritional and environmental conditions, may play a more dominant role in influencing ARI among children under five.   Keywords: toddlers, cooking fuel, the presence of smokers, ARI
Co-Authors Ambarwati, Dyah Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Besral . Butar Butar, Marta Butar-butar, Marta Erman, Ery Evy Wisudariani Fathiyyah, Nurul Fatria Harwanto Firman Firman Fitri Aulia Fitroh, Nur Nida Halim, Rd Hubaedah, Annah Indang Trihandini Inggarputri, Yuanita Rizky Jasmine, Annisah Biancika Kadar Ramadhan Kusaeri, Yuliana Kwarta, Cityta Putri Lewinsca, Maurend Yayank Makful, Martya Rahmaniati Mona Lisa Muhammad Syukri Muharramah, Disa Hijratul Novitrie, Ayu Novy Helena Chatarina Daulima Nurfatimah Nurfatimah Prameswari, Ayu Pratiwi, Dessy Pulungan, Rafiah Maharani Putri Utami, Putri SARI, MIKE PERMATA Subardi, Arda Yunita Suharti Sulistiani, Ita Sumiaty Sumiaty Sundjaya, Tonny Susila, Ida Tari, Putri Inrian Taufik, Kumar Ummah, Kholifatul Wanda , Dessie Widjaja, Anna Maria Nurhajati Yuliawati Yunilasari, Yunilasari Yusri Yusri