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PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP NILAI PELANGGAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA LOYALITAS PELANGGAN APOTEK DELA SEMARANG Munisih, Siti; Soliha, Euis
Proceeding Fakultas Ekonomi 2014
Publisher : Proceeding Fakultas Ekonomi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (280.656 KB)

Abstract

Analysis of the influence of product quality research on customer value and customer satisfaction thatimpact on customer loyalty pharmacy Dela Semarang. This study aims to: (1) analyze the effect ofproduct quality on customer value, (2) analyze the effect of product quality to customer satisfaction, (3)analyze the effect of customer value on customer satisfaction, (4) analyze the effect of customer value oncustomer loyalty, and (5) analyze the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The datacollection method used in this study questionnaires were 120 respondents who buy drugs in Delapharmacies Semarang more than 2 (two) times. Analysis of the data using statistical analysis with thehelp of IBM SPSS 19 software program. The results showed that (1) the quality of the product positiveand significant impact on customer value, which increases the quality of the products is also increasingcustomer value, (2) the quality of the product positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction,which increases the quality of the products that customer satisfaction is also increases, (3) customervalue positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, which increases the value of customers alsoincreased customer satisfaction, (4) customer value positive and significant effect on customer loyalty,which increases the value customers will also increase customer loyalty , and (5) customer satisfactionpositive and significant effect on customer loyalty, increase customer satisfaction which then alsoincreases customer loyalty.Keywords: Product Quality, Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty
Formulation and Physical Characterization of Essential Oil Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Nanoemulsion Gel Purwanto, Ungsari Rizki Eka; Sholikhah, Mar’atus; Munisih, Siti
Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy Vol 1 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jstrp.v1i1.43500

Abstract

Background: Bangle rhizome (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb) essential oil as long been used by Indonesian and often used by postpartum women, as a treatment for abdominal obesity. The formulation of bangle essential oil into topical preparations has not been widely reported. So far, bangle essential oil is not available in pharmaceutical dosage form. The users immediately apply essential oil to the abdominal area and previous study showed that the terpinene-4-ol only diffused 0,39% from 2 mg/cm2 of Bangle essential oil through skin membrane. The development of topical bangle essential oil is necessary to increase the effectiveness of the delivery of active substances through the skin and the comfort of the user. In order to increase the penetration of the terpinen-4-ol, the Bangle essential oil was formulated in the form of a nanoemulsion and then the nanoemulsion was dispersed into a gel base to increase user convenience. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulations for Bangle essential oil and to know the optimum the composition of surfactants and cosurfactants in nanoemulsion system. This study also aims to determine the effect of base gel used in the nanoemulsion gel formulation on the appropriate physical properties. Method: The pre-emulsion was made beforehand with oil and a mixture of surfactant and cosurfactant. With the help of a Design Expert® ver. 10.0.1 software, component of sufactant and co-surfactant were optimized. The design formula was divided into seven nanoemulsion formulas with a ratio of Polysorbate 80: PEG 400, F1 (1: 8), F2 (8: 1), F3 (6,25: 2,75), F4 (8: 1), F5 (1: 8), F6 (1: 8), F7 (4,5: 4,5). The optimum consentration of Polysorbate 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactants in Bangle essential oil nanoemulsion was analyzed using simplex lattice design methode. The optimal formula was further evaluated for its distribution, droplet size, and zeta potential. Distilled water was used as the aqueous phase in nanoemulsion. The amount of aqueous phase: the amount of pre-emulsion is 9 : 1. The optimum nanoemulsion formula then dispersed in carbophol hydrogel to be nanoemulsion gel. Physical characterization of Bangle nanoemulsion gel like a pH, adhesion power, spreadability, viscosity before and after cycling test had been investigated. Result: The optimum composition of surfactant Tween 80 and co-surfactan PEG 400 was 7.659: 1.34. The results showed that the optimal formula with 2% Bangle Essential Oil Loaded in Nanoemulsion had the Z-average 95,2 nm with Index Polidispersity 0,176 and Zeta Potensial -0,1 mV. Bangle Nanoemulsion-Gel had a homogenous organoleptic, spreadability in 6,69 + 0.85 cm, adhesion power in 2.14 + 0.29 seconds, viscosity 5969 + 32.03 cps, and pH 6,58 + 0,29. Conclusion: Bangle Essential Oil Nanoemulsion-Gel formulation has the good physical characteristics and potentially be used as topical dosage forms. A further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of abdominal obesity by topical administration of this preparation.
Cost Of Illness Perawatan Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rsi Sultan Agung Semarang Wahyu Chandi Saputra; F.X Sulistiyanto W.S; Yustisia Dian Advistasari; Siti Munisih
VISIKES: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 19, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33633/visikes.v19i2.4196

Abstract

Gagal ginjal kronik didefinisikan sebagai kelainan struktur atau fungsi ginjal selama lebih dari 3 bulan yang berdampak bagi kesehatan. Pengobatan gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit karena membutuhkan waktu pengobatan jangka panjang dan sering timbul penyakit komorbid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui total biaya yang harus dikeluarkan pasien gagal ginjal kronik selama dirawat. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan cara menghitung total biaya langsung yang harus dikeluarkan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik pasien terhadap biaya perawatan pasien gagal ginjal kronik dan untuk mengetahui total biaya medik langsung pada pasien GGK tanpa komorbid dan pasien GGK dengan komorbid di instalasi rawat inap RSI Sultan Agung Semarang Periode Januari–Agustus 2019 berdasarkan metode Cost Of Illness.Hasil penelitian ini terdapat 113 kasus gagal ginjal kronik. Berdasarkan uji statistika diperoleh hasil bahwa karakteristik pasien berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan penyakit komorbid tidak mempengaruhi total biaya medik langsung yang ditimbulkan pasien karena mempunyai nilai koefisien korelasi sangat lemah. Hasil total biaya medik langsung perawatan pasien gagal ginjal kronik pada pasien GGK tanpa komorbid sebesar Rp. 63.226.200, pasien GGK + diabetes mellitus sebesar Rp. 23.607.700, pasien GGK + hipertensi sebesar Rp. 57.859.600, pasien GGK + anemia sebesar Rp. 63.014.800, pasien GGK + hipoglikemia sebesar Rp. 2.265.000. Perbandingan total biaya medik langsung pada pasien GGK tanpa komorbid dan pasien GGK dengan komorbid terletak pada biaya pelayanan farmasi. Biaya pelayanan farmasi merupakan cost driven dari pasien GGK.Kata Kunci : Gagal Ginjal Kronik, Cost Of Illness, RSI Sultan Agung Semarang
Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation of Avicennia Fruit Ethanol Extract (Avicennia marina) Ungsari Rizki Eka Purwanto; Maria Caecilia Nanny Setiawati; Ika Puspitaningrum; Siti Munisih
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2021): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Institute for Halal Industry and System (IHIS) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.2488

Abstract

The fruit produced from Avicennia tree (in the form of ethanol extract) has the property of reducing blood glucose levels (oral antidiabetic mellitus) with an effective dose of 10 mg / 50 kg human body weight. Most of the elderly with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia are aged 60-74 years (83.3%) who have a decreased ability to swallow drugs. In addition, antidiabetic drugs are expected to be able to produce fast action, so that it can reduce blood sugar levels immediately. Therefore, the Avicennia fruit ethanol extract formulated in the form of Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Starch 1500 and Crospovidone as a superdisintegrant in either single or combination use in the Avicennia fruit ethanol extract ODT formulation. The ODT was made by direct compression. There were three formulas that was carried out in this study : FI with 10 mg of Starch 1500, FII with 10 mg of Crospovidone and FIII with a combination of superdisintegrant Starch 1500 and Crospovidone (7 mg and 3 mg). In this study it could be conclued that the best compatible superdisintegrant in ODT for Avicennia fruit ethanol extract was Crospovidone, not combination with Starch 1500.
PENGARUH BASIS GEL SEDIAAN MASKER EKSTRAK DAUN TEH HIJAU (CAMELLIA SINENSIS LINN.) PADA KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN AKTIVITAS BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ATCC 25923 Rufi Andaryekti; Mustofa Mufrod; Siti Munisih
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 11, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (563.913 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v11i2.24122

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Camellia sinensis Linn. atau yang lebih dikenal daun teh hijau sudah lama digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit dan juga bisa dijadikan olahan produk makanan maupun minuman. Kandungan flavonoid yang utama yaitu flavanol. Katekin teh didominasi oleh flavonol yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri untuk mengurangi pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan kombinasi PVA dan HPMC 60SH dalam sediaan gel masker yang mengandung ekstrak daun teh hjau serta untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan aktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstraksi daun teh hijau menggunakan metode remaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Konsentrasi PVA dan HPMC 60SH yang digunakan pada formula I yaitu (7% : 2%), formula II (6,75% : 2,25%), formula III (4,5% : 4,5%), formula IV (2,25% : 6,75%), dan formula V (2% : 7%). Pengujian karakteristik fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, daya lekat, daya sebar, pH serta aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil uji karakteristik fisik dianalisis menggunakan anova 1 jalan, uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis Test dan Mann-Whitney Test. Berdasarkan uji statistika menunjukkan hasil bahwa kombinasi PVA dan HPMC 60SH pada kelima formula menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah kombinasi PVA dan HPMC 60SH sebagai basis gel dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik fisik sediaan dan daya hambat antibakteri pada sediaan gel masker ekstrak daun teh hijau.
PENGGUNAAN OBAT DAN BIAYANYA PADA PASIEN PASCA OPERASI KATARAK DI KLINIK MATA X SEMARANG Lidya Tri Wahyu Setyarini; Maria Caecilia Nanny Setiawati; Siti Munisih
Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : STIKES Cendekia Utama Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31596/cjp.v6i1.182

Abstract

Katarak adalah kekeruhan pada lensa mata yang menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan. Meski banyak usaha yang dilakukan untuk memperlambat progresivitas atau mencegah terjadinya katarak, tatalaksananya adalah dengan pembedahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien, obat yang digunakan dan biaya obat pada pasien pasca operasi katarak  di Klinik Mata X Semarang periode Januari sampai Maret 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diambil adalah data rekam medis pasien, lembar resep obat dan data keuangan. Hasil penelitian, terdapat 71 pasien terdiri dari pasien wanita sebanyak 39 pasien (54,39%) dan laki-laki sebanyak 32 (45,07%) dengan jumlah total operasi 94 kali. Usia paling banyak pada rentang 61-70 tahun sebesar 43,66%. Obat yang sering digunakan berupa obat tetes mata antiinflamasi berisi Prednisolon asetat (97,87%) dan berisi natrium diclofenak (80,85%) , obat tetes mata antibiotik yang berisi gatifloxasin (56,99%) dan levofloksasin (44,09%). Semua obat yang digunakan adalah obat ber merk dagang (100%), sediaan terbanyak tetes mata (85,92%). Rata-rata biaya obat per operasi katarak adalah Rp 734.510,-, biaya termahal adalah biaya tetes mata berisi antibiotik (25,06%). Rata-rata per pasien mendapat 4,12 obat. Pasca operasi katarak, dokter  memberikan beberapa obat kepada pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pasca pembedahan meliputi terjadinya infeksi (diberi antibiotika untuk profilaksi), dry eye syndrome (diberi artificial tear drops) dan untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri (diberi antiinflamasi). Simpulan yang dapat diambil, wanita usia lanjut lebih banyak menjalani operasi katarak dibanding pria, tetes mata yang paling banyak diresepkan adalah produk yang mengandung antibiotik gatifloksasin dan  antiinflamasi mengandung prednisolon asetat. Rata-rata biaya total obat pasca operasi katarak di Klinik Mata X Semarang adalah Rp 734.510 per kali operasi.
PENGGUNAAN GELATIN DARI KULIT KAMBING (Ovis aries L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENINGKATAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK TABLET PARASETAMOL DENGAN METODE GRANULASI BASAH Mufrod -; Indaryati -; Siti Munisih
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2009): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Gelatin merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dalam pembuatan tablet, terutama untuk bahan obat yang harus dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah. Gelatin sampai saat ini masih merupakan bahan import. Parasetamol dipilih sebagai model untuk mengetahui daya ikat gelatin dari kulit kambing berdasarkan sifat alir dan kompaktibilitasnya yang kurang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan gelatin dari kulit kambing sebagai bahan pengikat dan pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasinya terhadap karakteristik fisik dan disolusi tablet parasetamol secara granulasi basah. Gelatin diperoleh dengan cara basa melalui perepdaman dengan larutan Ca(OH)2 10 %. Tablet parasetamol dibuat 4 formula berdasarkan kadar gelatin sebagai bahan pengikat dengan konsentrasi masing-masing formula 5, 7,5, dan 10 % dan dengan pembanding menggunakan gelatin yang ada di pasaran 5 %. Tablet dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah. Granul diuji karakteristiknya meliputi kandungan lembab, kadar fines, waktu alir, sudut diam, dan pengetapan. Fase eksternal (talk, magnesium stearat) dicampur homogen dengan granul kemudian dikempa dengan pencetak tablet single punch. Tablet diuji karakteristik fisiknya meliputi keseragaman ukuran, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur, penetapan kadar dan disolusinya. Data yang berdistribusi normal dihitung dengan uji anava 1 jalan dan uji paska anava. Sedang data yang berdistribusi tidak normal dihitung dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney dengan taraf kepercayaan 95 % menggunakan metode SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa gelatin dari kulit kambing dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengikat dalam pembuatan tablet parasetamol dan perbedaan konsentrasi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keseragaman ukuran, keseragaman bobot, kerapuhan dan penetapan kadar, tetapi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekerasan, waktu hancur dan disolusinya.
PERBEDAAN SIFAT KARAKTERISTIK FISIK GRANUL EFFERVESCENT EKSTRAK KUNYIT (Curcuma damestica Val.) ASAM (Tamarindus Indica L.) DENGAN BAHANPENGISI DEKSTROSA, SUKROSA, DEKSTROSA-SUKROSA (50 : 50) Siti Munisih; Hani Citra Hartati; M. Amroni
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2010): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Many kinds of technology have already been used to develop kunyit asam preparation, in a form of granul effervescent. The aim of this research is to know how the physical characteristic of granul effervescent from kunyit asam with different fillers such as dekstrosa, sakarose and dextrose-sakarose (50 : 50). Tests of physical characteristic of granul effervescent from kunyit asam included moisture content, flow time, angle of repose, solubility time, bulk volume, tapping and it was added by additional tests that were ALT and the sensory of flavour. Based on this research, the result of formula I had moisture content 2.84 %, flow time 8.25 seconds, angle of repose 32.61°, solubility time 1.45 minutes,bulk volume 42.165 g/100 ml, tapping 9,50%, the ALT bacteria was 1.7x101CFU/ml, chamir 3.3x101 CFU/ml and it was not too sweet, quite salty, quite acid, not bitter. Formula II had moisture content 3.54%, flow time 6.38 seconds, angle of repose 26.15°, solubility time 1.29 minutes, bulk volume 47.190 g/100 ml, tapping 6.30%, the ALT bacteria was 1.9x101 CFU/ml, kapang 3.8x101 CFU/ml and have quite sweet, quite salty, not too acid, not bitter taste. Formula III (detrosa- sakarose (50 : 50)) moisture content 3.26%, flow time 7.24 seconds, angle of repose 29.09°, solubility time 1.13 minutes, bulk volume 45.812 g/100 ml, tapping 7.80%, the ALT bacteria was 1.3x101CFU/ml, kapang 3.4x101CFU /ml and it was quite sweet, no too salty, quite acid, not bitter . The result from Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test, Anova and Pasca Anava test showed that there was no significant difference of moisture content, flow time, angle of repose and solubility time between the formulas.
AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN SOM JAWA (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn) TERHADAP RESPON IMUN SPESIFIK Ika Puspitaningrum; Yuvianti Dwi Franyoto; Siti Munisih
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi & Farmasi Klinik Vol 15 No 2 Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (148.283 KB) | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v15i2.2566

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ABSTRACTEthyl acetate fraction of Som Java leaves (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn) has been shown to boost innate immunity in the body (non-specific immunomodulatory activity). This study aims to determine the immunomodulatory activity of the specific response of the ethyl acetate fraction of Som Java leaves (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn). Test specific immune response by using delayed type hypersensitivity test and total antibody titers test. Analysis of data obtained using SPSS version 16.0. Delayed type hypersensitivity test results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction Som Java leaves 50, 100 and 150 mg/kgbw proven to increase cellular immune response and activities comparable to the positive control. Total antibody titer test results showed that the fraction of ethyl acetate Som Java leaves three doses shown to increase the value of primary and secondary antibody titers. Based on the test results specific response can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction Som Java leaves have specific immunomodulatory activity.Keywords: Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn, immunomodulatory, delayed type hypersensitivity, total antibody titer test
KAJIAN PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN “X” JAWA TENGAH Siti Munisih; Maria Caecilia N. Setiawati H; FX Sulistiyanto WS
VISIKES: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 21, No 2 (2022): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33633/visikes.v21i2Supp.6771

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ABC critical index analysis is a combination of ABC analysis which includes ABC analysis of value in use and ABC analysis of investment value. The ABC analysis method is a method of making classifications based on the set of values from the highest to the lowest value and is divided into 3 major groups called group A (high investment value), B (medium investment value), and C (low investment value).The purpose of this study was to determine the compatibility, and realization and provide an evaluation of the planning for the use of drugs using the ABC method in the pharmaceutical installation health department of  “X” district, Central Java. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling where the sample is taken according to the sample criteria.Data on Usage Reports and Drug Request Sheets for all UPTD Public Health Centers of  “X” Regency from January - December 2019 and January - December 2020. In the use of drugs in 2019 there were 343 types of drugs, consisting of group A as many as 64 drug items (18.66%) with a procurement cost of Rp. 3,647,892,228.00,- (74.83%), group B as many as 98 drug items (28.57%) with a cost of Rp. 980.902.019.40,- (20.12%). While those included in group C were 181 items (52.77%) with a cost of Rp. 246.216,758.60,- (5.29%). The results show that the budget needed for drug procurement in 2019 is IDR 4,875,011,006,00, - in 2020 there are 487 types of drugs, group A consists of 50 drug items (10.27%) with procurement costs of IDR 5,167,276,066 ,00,- (74.38%). A total of 104 drug items were included in group B (21.36%) with a cost of Rp. 1,392,954,441.00 (34.1%). While those included in group C were 333 items (68.38%) with a cost of Rp. 387,321,439.00, - (8.41%). The results show that the budget needed for drug procurement in 2020 is IDR 6,974,551,946,00,-. Keywords: compatibility, realization, evaluation, ABC