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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) Jurnal Ilmu keperawatan Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (The Soedirman Journal of Nursing) Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence Khazanah Informatika: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informatika Indonesian Journal of Cancer International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Belitung Nursing Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Journal Of Nursing Practice Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal) Media Ilmu Kesehatan Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education Seminar Nasional Keperawatan Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) Indonesian Journal of Cancer Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Zaitun :Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (The Soedirman Journal of Nursing) Academic Hospital Journal Journal of Health Research and Technology

Christantie Effendy

Departemen Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat Dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

Author-ID : 2411743

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

Published : 64 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Management of lymphedema and pleural efusion in patients with breast cancer stadium IV: a case study Novriyanti, Sukma; Effendy, Christantie; Fitriana, Nazula
Journal of health research and technology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of health research and technology
Publisher : Sahabat Publikasi Kuu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58439/jhrt.v1i1.49

Background: Metastasis of breast cancer to distant organs occurs as a result of cancer cells spreading through the lymphatic system or blood flow. Pleural effusion and lymphedema are manifestations due to metastasis of cancer cells. Management is needed to relieve suffering, reduce complications, and improve quality of life. Methods: Case study was conducted using observation, interviews, physical examination, and tracing of patient medical records. Informed consents were given before the case study started. Case: Mrs. S, 67 years old, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2021. The patient was only treated with herbal treatment before being admitted to the hospital in June 2022 with shortness of breath which later found metastases to the lungs. Clinical findings include pitting edema in the right upper extremity, pleural effusion, ulcer cancer from the breast to the right armpit, and a closed fracture of the right clavicle. Swelling in the right arm has occurred since March 2022 slowly spreading throughout the arm. The patient is on bed rest in a semi-fowler's position, limited range of motion, and all activities are assisted by the family. Intervention: The patient is given oxygen therapy with nasal cannula 3lpm and 30o semi-fowler positioning. Skin care intervention is used to treat lymphedema problem. Patient’s family also received education to prevent and reduce the occurrence of swelling in the contralateral arm. Conclusion: Shortness of breath management with oxygen therapy and positioning can help facilitate adequate breathing along with drainage of pleural fluid. Treatment of lymphedema focuses on reducing swelling and minimizing complications. Treatment options are adjusted to the patient's clinical condition.

Psychological Distress, Uncertainty Intolerance, and Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Comparative Study Rahma, Ainur; Effendy, Christantie; Lismidiati, Wiwin
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1300

Background: Psychological distress and uncertainty intolerance in cancer patients are linked to various physical consequences and negative psychological impacts, such as increased symptom severity, disruption in daily life, and reduced quality of life. These issues also affect family caregivers of cancer patients. This study aims to describe the psychological distress, uncertainty intolerance, and quality of life in cancer patients and their family caregivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 57 cancer patients and 57 caregivers at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta-Indonesia, in July-August 2023. Psychological distress was measured by using the Kessler Scale (K-10), uncertainty using the Intolerance Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and quality of life using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and SF-36. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Significant differences were found in uncertainty intolerance between patients and caregivers (p=0.001) and caregivers’ marital status (p=0.045). Quality of life varied among patients based on age, gender, marital status, cancer type, and treatment (p0.05). Caregivers’ quality of life differed by age in physical and emotional roles (p≤0.005). Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the intolerance uncertainty of cancer patients and family caregivers. Meanwhile, the quality of life of cancer patients and the quality of life of family caregivers have differences in each scale and domain in several of their demographic characteristics. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the trajectory of psychological distress and uncertainty intolerance over time.

Evaluating a caregiver-focused safety culture model: Effects on caregivers’ safety perception, older adults’ quality of life, and the incidence of adverse events in Indonesia Solihin, Asri Handayani; Probosuseno; Effendy, Christantie
Belitung Nursing Journal Vol. 11 No. 5 (2025): September - October
Publisher : Belitung Raya Publisher - Belitung Raya Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33546/bnj.3650

Background: Older adults are increasingly vulnerable to health risks, particularly in home care environments with limited formal safety measures. In Indonesia, family caregivers play a central role in providing care; however, research on interventions to enhance the safety of older adults at home remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a caregiver-focused safety model, the Aging Safe from the Risk (ASRi) model, on caregivers’ perceptions of safety culture and assessed its indirect effects on older adults’ quality of life (QoL) and incidence of adverse events. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from July to November 2022, involving 135 older adult–caregiver pairs (intervention: n = 68; control: n = 67). Older adults’ QoL was measured using the modified WHO-QOL BREF (Indonesian version) and WHO-QOL OLD instruments. Family caregivers completed a Home Safety Culture (HSC) questionnaire and reported adverse events. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Fisher’s exact tests, repeated-measures general linear models (GLM-RM), and exploratory ANCOVA within the intervention group. Results: Baseline characteristics were largely similar for older adults (age, comorbidities, fall risk, medication use) and caregivers (gender, age, education, marital status), although some imbalances were noted. Significant between-group differences were observed in the spiritual dimension (baseline p = 0.019, r = 0.202; fourth month p = 0.018, r = 0.204) and environmental dimension of safety culture (all time points p <0.001, r = 0.347-0.431), with a transient difference in the personal dimension at month one (p = 0.013, r = 0.215). QoL scores were consistently higher in the control group (p <0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.551-0.645), reflecting baseline imbalance. Adverse events decreased in the intervention group during follow-up (p <0.001, Cramér’s V = 0.343-0.364); however, the higher baseline incidence suggests that regression to the mean may have contributed to this reduction. Conclusion: The ASRi model was associated with modest improvements in caregivers’ perceptions of safety culture. Differences in QoL and adverse events should be interpreted cautiously due to baseline imbalances and potential regression to the mean. While these findings provide preliminary indications that caregiver engagement through the ASRi model may support safer home care practices, causal conclusions cannot be drawn. Randomized studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these effects. Trial Registry: NCT05487482 [clinicaltrials.gov]

Breaking Bad News: Flipped Calendar as a Patient Information Provision Education Media Using the Spikes Method a Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital Wirastuti, Fita; Effendy, Christantie; Adnan, Nur Fatimah; Satiti, Sekar
Academic Hospital Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ahj.v7i2.104337

Background: The quality of Breaking Bad News (BBN) communication has a significant impact on patient treatment adherence, emotional condition, understanding, and satisfaction with medical care. Effective communication skills and appropriate communication techniques are essential for providing optimal care. The SPIKES protocol is a communication protocol used as a standard and strategy for delivering difficult patient communication, comprising several stages: setting up, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotions, strategy, and summary.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of using the BBN flip chart calendar as educational media, combined with the SPIKES method, at Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital (UGM Academic Hospital). The specific research objectives were: (a) to understand the perceptions and expectations of doctors and nurses when providing education related to BBN, and (b) to determine the effect of using the BBN flip chart calendar educational media on patients.Method: This study was an experimental investigation to assess the effectiveness of using the BBN flip chart calendar as educational media in conjunction with the SPIKES protocol. The type of research was a quantitative study to understand the implementation of the BBN flip chart educational media at UGM Academic Hospital.Result: The intervention group and the control group do not show statistically significant differences. The primary reason for these outcomes could be that behavioral changes are difficult to modify with a single communication practice. Continuous evaluation and feedback are needed on the effectiveness of BBN to improve the quality of health workers.

Spiritual Therapy for Patients and Communities Reducing Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review Dimas Utomo Hanggoro Putro; Siti Nurjanah; Christantie Effendy
Journal Of Nursing Practice Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/jnp.v9i1.911

Background: COVID-19 poses high challenges for society and has a considerable impact. One of the impacts of COVID-19 on patients and society is the emergence of anxiety, so efforts are needed to reduce this anxiety. Spiritual therapy is an alternative that can be used by patients and communities affected by COVID-19. Purpose: Find specifically about spiritual therapy to reduce anxiety in COVID-19 patients and communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Literature review of international literature using Google Scholar, Proquest, and Taylor & Francis databases. A total of 1,544 articles were identified, of which 995 were duplicates, leaving 549 articles. After screening, 539 articles were excluded due to the lack of full-text availability. The remaining 10 articles were further reviewed, resulting in 5 articles that met the criteria and were included in this study. Results: Five articles meeting the inclusion criteria. One true experiment article, 2 pre-experiment articles, 1 RCT article, and 1 qualitative article. All articles analyzed are articles published in the range of 2019-2021. Spiritual therapies that can be used to reduce anxiety include Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT), Benson therapy, psychoreligious therapy, mindfulness meditation, and spiritual psychotherapy with an Islamic religious education approach. Conclusion: COVID-19 has profoundly impacted daily life and created significant challenges for society. However, spirituality serves as an important coping resource to help individuals manage anxiety. Various spiritual therapies such as the SEFT, benson relaxation, psychoreligious therapy, mindfulness meditation, and spiritual psychotherapy based on Islamic teachings have been shown to effectively reduce anxiety and promote mental well-being during the pandemic.

Psychosocial hazard in medical residents at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Praditia, Irsa Gusninda; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir; Effendy, Christantie
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 37 No 06 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v37i06.21634

Purpose: This study aims to identify psychosocial hazards by examining the history of physical and non-physical violence, as well as the concerns experienced by residents enrolled in the specialist medical education program at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Methods: This research employs a descriptive-analytical design using a cross-sectional approach, in which data are collected at a single point in time. The sampling technique used is proportional stratified random sampling, where the sample is drawn in proportion to the size of each stratum within the population. Results: The majority of respondents were over 30 years old (56.03%), male (58.87%), and held a bachelor's degree (87.94%). The most commonly reported psychosocial hazard among respondents at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital was verbal non-physical violence. A significant relationship was found between demographic characteristics—specifically age—and the history of physical violence among specialist medical education students. Additionally, a relationship was observed between work shift patterns and the history of non-physical violence. Furthermore, non-physical violence was found to be associated with anxiety among the specialist medical education students at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Conclusion: Health organizations must establish and prioritize policies against workplace violence through educational training programs and safety protocols.

Causal Relations of Factors Representing the Elderly Independence in Doing Activities of Daily Livings Using S3C-Latent Algorithm Tou, Nurhaeka; Rahmadi, Ridho; Effendy, Christantie
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Vol 5, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Dharma Wacana

The growth of the elderly population in Indonesia from year to year has always increased, followed by the problem of decreasing physical strength and psychological health of the elderly. These problems can affect the increase in dependence and decrease the independence of the elderly in ADL. In previous studies, various factors affect independence in ADLs such as cognitive, psychological, economic, nutrition, and health. However, In general, these studies only focus on predictive analysis or correlation of variables, and no research has attempted to identify the casual relationship of the elderly independence factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mechanism of the causal relationship of the factors that influence the independence of the elderly in ADLs using a casual method called the Stable Specification Search for Cross-Sectional Data With Latent Variables (S3C-Latent). In this research we found strong causal and associative relationships between factors.The causal relationship of elderly independence in ADLs was influenced by cognitive, psychological, nutritional and health factors and gender with Î± values respectively (0.61; 0.61;1.00, 0.65;0.70). Cognitive factors associated with psychological, economic, nutrition, and health with a value of Î± (0.77; 1.00; 1.00; 0.64). Furthermore, psychological factors associated with economy, nutrition, and health with a value of Î± (0.77; 0.95; 0.63). Bisides, economic factors are associated with nutrition and health with Î± values of ( 0.86; 0.75) and nutrition with health with Î± values of 0.64. The last association was found between nutritional factors and gender with a value of Î± 0.76. This research is expected to increase the independence of the elderly in carrying out daily activities.

Gambaran Rasa Takut Pasien Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) terhadap Tindakan Amputasi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Rizky, Indah; Nurjannah, Intansari; Effendy, Christantie; Basuki, Suko; Wandansari, Sri; Hikmawati, Ulfa
Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : PSIK FKKMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jkkk.87563

Background: Diabetes is often associated with complications in the lower extremities, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). One of the risks associated with DFU is amputation. Previous studies have found a high risk of amputation in DFU cases. Prior research also indicates that fear affects the effectiveness of therapy and the quality of life of DFU patients.Objective: To describe the fear of amputation in patients with DFU at Dr. Sardjito Hospital.Method: Descriptive study used quantitative approach involving 84 participants from January to April 2022 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Sampling was done by total sampling through cross-sectional method. The instrument used was the Fear Scale Measurement (FSM) with a scale of 1-10. The higher FSM scores indicated the higher level of fear. Fear was analyzed univariately (frequency, percentage, and mean). Kruskal Wallis Test was used to observe the description of fear based on respondent’s characteristics.Results: Overall, the average level of fear based on FSM was at level 4 (severe anxiety). Around 30,9% were at level 1 (calmness), and 16,7% were at level 3 (moderate anxiety). The smallest percentage, which was 3,6% of the respondents, experienced fear level 8 (severe fear) and level 10 (panic). It was also found that respondents without a history of amputation experienced significantly higher levels of fear. Conclusion: This study described how the morbid fear of patients with DFU in Dr. Sardjito Hospital varies. Most of the respondents are at the level of calmness to moderate anxiety with an average fear of FSM level 4 (severe anxiety). Respondents without a history of amputation experience significantly higher levels of fear.INTISARILatar belakang: Diabetes sering dikaitkan dengan komplikasi ekstremitas bawah, termasuk diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Salah satu risiko akibat DFU adalah amputasi. Studi sebelumnya menemukan risiko amputasi pada DFU masih tinggi. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya juga menemukan ketakutan memengaruhi efektivitas terapi dan kualitas hidup penderita DFU.Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran rasa takut terhadap amputasi pada pasien DFU di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan 84 responden, dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-April 2022 di RS Dr. Sardjito. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling secara cross-sectional. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Fear Scale Measurement (FSM) dengan skala 1-10. Semakin tinggi score FSM menunjukkan peningkatan level rasa takut. Rasa takut dianalisis secara univariat (frekuensi, persentase, dan mean). Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk melihat gambaran rasa takut berdasarkan karakteristik responden. Hasil: Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata level rasa takut responden menurut skor FSM adalah level 4 (severe anxiety). Sebanyak 30,9% responden mencapai level 1 (calmness) dan sebesar 16,7% berada di level 3 (moderate anxiety). Jumlah paling sedikit, sebanyak 3,6% responden mengalami rasa takut level 8 (severe fear) dan level 10 (panic). Selain itu, didapatkan hasil bahwa responden tanpa riwayat amputasi, mengalami level takut yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan.Simpulan: Penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana ketakutan pasien DFU di RSUD Dr. Sardjito. Sebagian besar responden berada pada tingkat calmness hingga moderate anxiety dengan rata-rata ketakutan FSM level 4 (severe anxiety). Responden tanpa riwayat amputasi mengalami level takut yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan.

Pemodelan Kausal Faktor-Faktor Beban Keluarga dalam Merawat Pasien Kanker Menggunakan Algoritma S3C-Latent Surya, Rizki Surtiyan; Effendy, Christantie; Rahmadi, Ridho
Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Vol 8 No 1: Februari 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25126/jtiik.0814266

Pasien kanker memiliki kebutuhan yang kompleks mulai dari masalah fisik, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Keluarga yang merawat pasien kanker disebut family caregiver. Seorang family caregiver membantu mengatasi hampir semua permasalahan yang dialami pasien baik saat dirawat di rumah maupun di rumah sakit. Keluarga mengalami suka dan duka dalam merawat pasien. Dalam merawat pasien dengan penyakit kronis, bukan hanya pasien tetapi kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup family caregiver juga penting. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana beban family caregiver dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi beban keluarga dalam merawat pasien. Beban family caregiver dapat diukur menggunakan Caregiver Reaction Assesment (CRA), yang direpresentasikan oleh beberapa faktor. Dengan memahami hubungan kausal antara faktor-faktor beban keluarga, diharapkan dapat membantu untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana beban caregiver bersumber dan berdampak. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kausal antara faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan beban family caregiver dalam merawat pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma pemodelan kausal bernama Stable Specification Search for Cross-sectional Data with Latent Variable (S3C-Latent) untuk mendapatkan model kausal antara faktor-faktor beban family caregiver yang relevan. Dari hasil analisis pemodelan didapatkan ada 3 faktor yang memiliki hubungan kausal dan 2 faktor memiliki hubungan asosiasi. Gender memiliki hubungan kausal yang stabil terhadap kesiapan kesehatan dan kesiapan dalam merawat. Sedangkan faktor kesiapan merawat mempengaruhi faktor aktivitas family caregiver, selain itu faktor keuangan memiliki hubungan asosiasi yang kuat dengan faktor aktivitas dan hubungan keluarga. Pemodelan kausal ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang lebih tepat, efisien, dan efektif di dalam menangani permasalahan beban caregiver. AbstractCancer patients have complex needs ranging from physical, psychological, social, and spiritual problems. Families who take care for cancer patients are called family caregivers. A family caregiver helps to overcome almost all problems experienced by the patients both while being treated at home and in the hospital. Families experience joy and sorrow in caring for patients. In treating patients with chronic diseases, not only the patient but the family caregiver's well-being and quality of life are also important. Therefore, it is very important to know how the family caregiver's burden is and the factors that affect the family burden in caring for patients. Caregiver family burden can be measured using Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), which is represented by several factors. By understanding the causal relationship between family burden factors, it is hoped that it can help to identify how the caregiver burden is sourced and impacted. Therefore, this study aims to identify the causal relationships between factors related to the burden on family caregivers in caring for patients. This study uses a causal modeling algorithm called Stable Specification Search for Cross-sectional Data with Latent Variable (S3C-Latent) to obtain a causal model between the relevant caregiver family load factors. The results of modeling analysis showed that there are 3 factors which have a causal relationship and 2 factors have an association relationship. Gender has a stable causal relationship to health readiness and readiness to care, Moreover, the caring readiness factor affects the family caregiver activity factor, and the financial factor has a strong association with the activity factor and family relationships. This causal modeling can be used as a reference for health workers so as to give health services which are precise, efficient, and effective in dealing with caregiver burden problems.

Piper Crocatum Ruiz and Pav as A Commonly Used Typically Medicinal Plant From Indonesia: What Do We Actually Know About It? Scoping Review Setyawati, Andina; Wahyuningsih, Mae Sri Hartati; Nugrahaningsih, Dwi Aris Agung; Effendy, Christantie; Ibeneme, Sam
Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): Volume 7 No. 2 Februari 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/icon.v7i2.23891

Aims: Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav (P. crocatum) has been widely used medicinally among ethnic communities in Indonesia to treat a variety of diseases through various preparation- application techniques, duration, and frequency of use. Since research on the benefits of P. crocatum is still limited, our scoping review aimed to identify the key findings resulting from experimental studies regarding the medicinal uses of P. crocatum. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. Databases were searched using CAB Direct, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted and tabulated using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Results: Sixteen articles fulfilled were included in the scoping review. Three key concepts were emerged from this scoping review: 1) Study characteristics indicated the most prevalent type of research was in vivo experiment (n=14) with the highest number of preparations using ethanol extracts (n=8) and P. crocatum sample were mostly sourced from Indonesia (n=9); 2) Seventeen screened metabolites were reported and the most frequently identified were steroids and flavonoids, followed by polyphenols and saponins; and 3) Eight potential activities of P. crocatum were reported as follows: anti-inflammatory, pro-wound healing, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-necrotic, antitumoral, hepatoprotective, and anti-hyperglycaemic. Conclusion: P. crocatum has various metabolites that might influence the reported potential therapeutic activities with different preparation-application techniques, uses, and duration, yet the scientific evidence conducted in clinical study is still limited. Future research needs to perform testing standardized preparations of P. crocatum to be developed as novel therapeutic agents in wounds, infective diseases, cancers, diabetes, and liver diseases.

Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Adnan, Nur Fatimah Afridayani, Meri Agustina Sandramustika, Agustina Agustina Sri Oktri Hastuti Ainur Rahma, Ainur AKICHIKA MIKAMI Andina Setyawati, Andina Anggraini Lizdiana Wulandari Ardika, Noviana Ayu Ariani Arista Putri Pertiwi Arif Rahman Mansur, Arif Rahman Arifin Triyanto Atsarina Fauzan Bambang Suryono, Bambang Basuki, Suko Bayu, Yoni Setyo Nugroho Christaputri, Silvia Tri Wahyu Darwito, Darwito Dewiyuliana Dewiyuliana Diah Husna Nugraheni, Diah Husna Dian Mawarni Dimas Utomo Hanggoro Putro Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Dwi Asih Kusumaningrum, Dwi Asih Dwi Susanti Endro Basuki Erlina Erlina Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi Fitriana, Nazula Fitrina Mahardani Kusumaningrum Gracia Rosiharjati Sarihastanti Hardiyani, Tati Haryani Haryani Heny Suseani Pangastuti Heny Suseani Pangastuti Heny Suseani Pangastuti Heny Suseani Pangastuti Hieronimous Amandus Hikmawati, Ulfa Ibeneme, Sam Ike Wuri Winahyu Sari Intansari Nurjannah Ismail Setyopranoto Ispriyatiningsih, Ispriyatiningsih Kaningsih Yuniarti, Kaningsih Karolin Adhisty Khudazi Aulawi Kornelia B Simamora, Kornelia B Kurniawan, Catur Lailya Khusna Latifa Erdiana, Latifa Lorica, J D Made Ririn Sri Wulandari Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih Martina Sinta Kristanti Maryadi Merry Olvia Mubasysyir Hasanbasri Mulyainuningsih, Wa Ode Saridewi Narni Tri Sulastri, Narni Tri Ningsih, Dini Cristia Novriyanti, Sukma Nur Chayati Nurdina Wahyu HIDAYATI Nurul Aida Fathya Osman Sianipar Perdana, Melyza Praditia, Irsa Gusninda Probosuseno Putri Mentari Endraswari Putri Utami Ayu Maninggar Putu Oka Yuli Nurhesti Raeni N, Raeni Rahayu Widiyanti, Rahayu Rahmah Yanita Kusuma Ramadhan, Muhammad Deri Ridho Rahmadi Ridho Rahmadi Rizki Surtiyan Surya Rizky, Indah Roni Purnomo Rosaria Andriani, Rosaria Ruby SUSMAWATI Rudi Haryono, Rudi S, WIDIYONO Sardiman, Muhammad Satiti, Sekar Setyopranoto Setyopranoto Siregar, Khairati Siswahyudianto Siti Naimah SITI NURJANAH Sitti Rahma Soleman Solihin, Asri Handayani Sri Setiyarini Sri Setiyarini SRI SETIYARINI Sri Setiyarini Sri Setiyarini SRI SETIYARINI, SRI Sri Styowati Sri Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Sri Warsini Supriyati Supriyati Syahirul Alim Tou, Nurhaeka Tsauroh, Salsabila Fiqrotu Vita Ari Fatmawati Wahyudi, Vijna Putri Sukma Wandansari, Sri Wenny Artanty Nisman, Wenny Artanty WIDIYONO S Widiyono Widiyono Widyawati Widyawati Wirastuti, Fita Wiwin Lismidiati Yayi Suryo Prabandari Yohani Setiya Rafika Nur Yuan Sa'adati Yundari, Yundari Yuyun Christyanni, Yuyun Zulia Putri Perdani, Zulia Putri

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