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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antimalarial Compounds from the Bidara Laut (Strychnos ligustrina) Heartwood Sri Familasari; Rita Kartika Sari; Wasrin Syafii; Anne Carolina; Umi Cahyaningsih; Siti Sa'diah
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v11i3.682

Abstract

The aqueous wood extract of bidara laut (Strychnos ligustrina) from maceration demonstrated the greatest antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. However, this method has several limitations, including a lengthy extraction time, which allows for microorganism contamination. The aim of this study was to quantify the yield, evaluate the antimalarial effectiveness of the P. falciparum growth in-vitro, and analyze the aqueous bidara laut heartwood extracts phytochemical composition from the two different extraction methods,  namely the method of maceration extraction for 24 hours and the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 30 (UAE30), 45 (UAE45), and 60 (UAE60) minutes. The bidara laut heartwood extract from the UAE60 method had relatively similar yield and antimalarial activity with the bidara laut heartwood extract from the UAE45 method. However, these extracts had higher yield and antimalarial activity than the extracts from the maceration and the UAE30 methods. The results of LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the main compounds in the UAE45 and UAE60 extracts were strychnine, quinaprilat, and 3,4-bis-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione, which has potent antimalarial properties. Keywords: antimalarial activity, Plasmodium falciparum, quinaprilat, strychnine, Strychnos ligustrina
Parasit Gastrointestinal pada Kadal Naga Berjanggut (Pogona vitticeps) di Cijeruk, Bogor Nisrina Rosyida Noor Rifai; Arifin Budiman Nugraha; Ekowati Handharyani; Fajar Kawitan; Umi Cahyaningsih
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 41, No 3 (2023): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.80391

Abstract

Bearded dragons are reptiles that are quite popular as pets. There are many factors of disease that can infect bearded dragons. The environment and feed affect the level of disease threat, such as parasitic infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Data information related to parasitic gastrointestinal infections in bearded dragons in Indonesia is still limited, so supporting examinations are necessary to help diagnose. A total of 38 fecal samples were collected from the bearded dragon in Cijeruk Bogor. Samples were examined by simple flotation method, Ziehl Neelsen staining, and counting the number of parasitic eggs. All samples were positive for gastrointestinal parasite infections such as Choleoeimeria sp., Isospora amphiboluri, Cryptosporidium spp., ascarid egg, and oxyurid egg. The average number of Choleoeimeria sp. and Isospora amphiboluri oocysts were 8730 and 51.281 oocysts per gram of feces. The average number of helminth eggs per gram was 290 and 2325 for ascarid and oxyurid, respectively. Most of the infected bearded dragons do not show significant clinical symptoms. The number of oocysts and worm eggs per gram of feces showed mild and high results.
Leukocyte Profile of Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei and Treated with Aqueous Extract of Strychnos Ligustrina and Its Combination with Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine Phosphate (DHP) Umi Cahyaningsih; Siti Sa'diah; Wasrin Syafii; Rita Kartika Sari; Arifin Budiman Nugraha
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 41, No 3 (2023): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.88896

Abstract

Malaria is still one of the most highly pathogenic diseases, which remains a significant problem for public health. Natural compounds are alternative ways as an antimalarial compound that are applied for the artemisinin combination. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of S. ligustrina extract and DHP on the differential leukocytes percentages. This study used 100 mice which were divided into five groups. Group A and B were used for the healthy mice and infected-untreated groups, respectively. Group C used as a controlled drug, received 222 mg/kg BW of DHP. Group D received 300 mg/kg BW of aqueous extract of S. ligustrina. Group E received a combination between 111 mg/kg BW of DHP and 200 mg/kg BW of aqueous extract S. ligustrina. The findings demonstrated that DHP and S. ligustrina extract had an impact on neutrophils, lymphocytes, inhibition, and percentages of parasitemia. The findings revealed that treatment groups C, D, and E reduced the percentage of parasitemia. The percentage of neutrophils in treated groups was significantly higher than in group A (P<0.05). The percentage of lymphocytes was lower in the treated groups, while the percentages of eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils did not significantly different (P<0.05). This study found that group D and E had the same effect on the leucocyte profile as group C. Our findings suggest that the aqueous extract of S. ligustrina, as well as the combination treatment with DHP, have the potential to lead to the discovery of new antimalarial medicines.
Eksplorasi Parasit pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dari Penjual Ikan Lokal di Dramaga, Bogor Azizah, Hanifah Nur; Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Juniantito, Vetnizah; Cahyaningsih, Umi
JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER Vol 10 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Kajian Veteriner
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN UNIVERSITAS NUSA CENDANA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/jkv.v10i2.7973

Abstract

The demand for tilapia fishing goods has recently expanded on a national scale. One of the difficulties this fish farming operation encountered was the parasite-caused illness. The aims of this study were to explore parasites in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the local fish seller in Dramaga, Bogor, West Java. A total of 14 tilapia were sampled, with an average length of 22 cm and a body weight of 195 grams. Fish gills, pectoral fins, caudal fins, tail fins, dorsal fins, scales, and intestines were collected. The methods used in this study were wet mount examination, gut samples stained with Ziehl Neelsen, and blood samples from fish obtained and stained with Giemsa for analysis. The findings revealed that Trichodina sp. (85.71 percent) was present in several organs, with the gills being the most heavily affected organ. The intensity of this parasite was 27.83 individuals/head. The parasites detected by Ziehl Neelsen staining were Myxobolus sp. (57.14 %), Cryptosporidium spp. (35.71 %), and Cyclospora sp. (14.29%). The type of blood parasite found was identified as Hemogregarina sp (50%). Our findings are very important information for initiating the development of a treatment strategy to prevent parasite infection in tilapia fish farms.
IDENTIFIKASI MORFOLOGI DAN PREVALENSI PARASIT SALURAN PENCERNAAN PADA ANJING IMPOR MELALUI BANDARA INTERNASIOAL SOEKARNO HATTA Cahyaningsih, Umi
Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/avi.12.3.194-202

Abstract

Isosporiasis dan Toxascariasis adalah parasit saluran pencernaan yang umum pada anjing. Kejadian infeksi parasit saluran pencernaan di luar negeri bervariasi mulai dari 24 – 63.5%. 100 sampel feses dikoleksi dari anjing impor yang masuk melalui Bandara Internasional Soekarno Hatta pada periode waktu Februari – Agustus 2023. Sampel diperiksa menggunakan metode Mc Master untuk menghitung Ookista tiap gram tinja (OTGT) dan Telur tiap gram tinja (TTGT) serta metode flotasi untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya ookista atau telur cacing dalam sampel feses. Hasil pemeriksaan flotasi yang positif ookista selanjutnya dilakukan sporulasi menggunakan Kalium dikromat (K2Cr2O7), sedangkan sampel yang positif telur cacing dilakukan pemupukan menggunkan larutan formalin 2%. Hasil pemeriksaan flotasi diperoleh 5 sampel positif ookista dan 1 sampel positif telur cacing dengan prevalensi 6%. Hasil Mc Master menunjukkan jumlah OTGT 50 – 2000 ookista per gram tinja, sedangkan jumlah TTGT sebesar 200 telur cacing per gram tinja. Hasil sporulasi ookista dan pemupukan telur cacing dilakukan identifikasi morfologi dan diperoleh 1 sampel terinfeksi Isospora canis, 4 sampel terinfeksi Isospora ohioensis dan 1 sampel terinfeksi Toxascaris leonina.
Molecular Identification of Babesia bigemina from Cattle and Buffaloes in Bogor District Qing Wen, Jyn Soong; Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Latif, Hadri; Cahyaningsih, Umi
JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER Vol 12 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Kajian Veteriner
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN UNIVERSITAS NUSA CENDANA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/jkv.v12i2.17799

Abstract

Peternakan merupakan industri penting yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap sektor pertanian di Indonesia. Babesiosis adalah penyakit yang ditularkan melalui vektor caplak dan disebabkan oleh parasit darah genus Babesia. Penyakit ini telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang sangat signifikan. Deteksi molekular babesiosis memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi. Namun, saat ini, deteksi babesiosis menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) di Indonesia belum banyak digunaknan, khususnya di Kabupaten Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi Babesia bigemina pada sapi dan kerbau di Kabupaten Bogor dengan teknik molekular. Sebanyak 27 sampel darah dikoleksi yang terdiri atas 22 sampel sapi dan 5 sampel darah kerbau. Sampel diwarnai dengan Giemsa 10%, selain itu sampel darah diekstraksi dan dilanjutkan dengan nested PCR. Hasil dari pemeriksaan apusan darah menunjukkan 81,48% positif terhadap Babesia spp, sedangkan hasil nested PCR 11,11% menunjukkan positif terhadap B. bigemina. Berdasarkan jenis hewan sapi dan kerbau positif terhadap B. bigemina, masing-masing sebesar 9,09% dan 20%. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi dasar mengenai tingkat infeksi Babesia bigemina di kabupaten Bogor berdasarkan metode molekuler. Oleh karena itu, program pencegahan dan pengendalian terhadap infeksi parasit darah pada peternakan sapi dan kerbau sangat perlu dilakukan.
Development of Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Equine Piroplasma Infection in Horses Nugraha, Arifin; Cahyaningsih, Umi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.740-746

Abstract

The identification of equine piroplasmosis and surra disease in infected horses currently presents a significant challenge. Clinical symptoms and blood smears are commonly used to diagnose these two diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex amplification assay capable of simultaneously identifying all three blood protozoa (equine piroplasma and Trypanosoma evansi) in a single test. The primer pairs used for detecting T. equi, B. caballi, and Trypanosoma evansi were ema-2-t (587 bp), Bc-134 (429 bp), and Rotat 1.2 VSG (151 bp), respectively. The multiplex PCR assay was subsequently evaluated for its detection limit, sensitivity percentage, and specificity using single PCR as the reference standard. The multiplex PCR method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% for detecting both Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi, with all positive samples confirmed by a single PCR. It also achieved 100% specificity for both the parasites. However, for Babesia caballi, while the sensitivity remained at 100%, the specificity was reduced to 66%, indicating some limitations in accurately identifying negative samples. For the multiplex PCR assay, the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.01 ng/µL for both T. equi and B. caballi, whereas Trypanosoma evansi exhibited a detection threshold of 1 ng/µL. When multiplex PCR assays were used to screen blood samples obtained from horses in selected districts of Bogor, only a single sample showed a positive result for T. equi. The sensitivities and specificities achieved by multiplex PCR and single PCR were comparable. Therefore, the multiplex PCR method developed in this study can be effectively applied to diagnose piroplasmosis and surra in horses.
Comparison of Morphology and Protein Profile of Acetone and PBS-Fixed Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites for Detection of IgG and IgM Seropositivity VALINATA, SISCA; Cahyaningsih, Umi; Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Kurniawati, Dyah Ayu; Desem, Muhammad Ibrahim; Fong, Sulinawati
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 43, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.103155

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes zoonotic diseases. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans in Indonesia ranges from 9.7-70%. The parasite is difficult to detect in tissues; therefore, serological testing is the most common method for detecting antibodies against Toxoplasma. Antibodies are often used as the testing criteria for IgG and IgM antibodies. Previous research has shown that agglutination testing with acetone-fixed tachyzoites was only positive for acute infection. The aim of this study was to examine microscopic changes in acetone-fixed tachyzoites, determine their ability to detect IgG and IgM seropositivity, and detect specific proteins for IgG and IgM against toxoplasmosis. Tachyzoites were fixed with acetone (A) and PBS (P). After fixation, tachyzoites were prepared to observe the morphology and sonicated to obtain Soluble Toxoplasma Antigen (STA). STA was then subjected to SDS page and western blotting. The addition of aseton resulted in morphological and protein changes. Although changes occur, acetone-fixed tachyzoites can still react with IgG and IgM seropositivity. Protein bands that can be used as IgG seropositive markers in western blot testing are bands measuring 20, 24, 27, 73, and 110 kDa, and the combination of acetone fixation with anti-goat IgM conjugate will result in seropositive bands.
Deteksi molekuler Babesia spp. menggunakan PCR pada anjing dari Bogor dan Jakarta, Indonesia Veerasamy, Suganti; Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Cahyaningsih, Umi; Fitri, Arni Diana; Satyawardana, Wirokartiko
ARSHI Veterinary Letters Vol. 8 No. 4 (2024): ARSHI Veterinary Letters - November 2024
Publisher : School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/avl.8.4.73-74

Abstract

Babesiosis pada anjing disebabkan oleh infeksi Babesia spp.; namun, metode deteksinya terbatas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi Babesia spp. pada anjing dari Bogor dan Jakarta melalui PCR. Sampel darah (n=56) dikumpulkan dan diperiksa menggunakan apusan darah dengan pewarnaan Giemsa 10% dan PCR yang menargetkan gen 18S rRNA. Profil hematologi juga dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12,5% anjing ras campuran dari Bogor positif terinfeksi Babesia spp. melalui kedua metode. Anjing yang terinfeksi menunjukkan jumlah sel darah merah yang berkurang dan jumlah sel darah putih yang meningkat, yang mengindikasikan anemia dan respons imun. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya metode molekuler untuk diagnosis yang akurat dan mendukung perlunya program pencegahan dan pengendalian.
Dynamics of intraerythrocytic parasite infections in the Java common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Putri, Maritrana; Cahyaningsih, Umi; Ekastuti, Damiana Rita; Tarigan, Ronald; Achmadi, Pudji; Bustamam, Isdoni; Santoso, Koekoeh; Suprayogi, Agik; Maheshwari, Hera; Satyaningtijas, Aryani
ARSHI Veterinary Letters Vol. 8 No. 4 (2024): ARSHI Veterinary Letters - November 2024
Publisher : School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/avl.8.4.93-94

Abstract

Selama tujuh minggu, penelitian ini menyelidiki infeksi parasit intraeritrosit pada musang Jawa (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Sampel darah dikumpulkan segera setelah musang dibawa dari habitat aslinya. Setelah periode adaptasi 30 hari, sampel tambahan dikumpulkan setiap minggu. Temuan kami mengungkapkan infeksi dengan Babesia sp., Theileria sp., dan Anaplasma sp., dengan tingkat infeksi tertinggi untuk Anaplasma sp. (0,35 ± 0,05)%, diikuti oleh Theileria sp. (0,12 ± 0,05)%, dan Babesia sp. (0,03 ± 0,02)%. Selama periode penelitian, tingkat infeksi Babesia sp. dan Anaplasma sp. menurun, sedangkan Theileria sp. menunjukkan tren peningkatan hingga akhir penelitian.
Co-Authors A.S. Satyaningtijas Agik Suprayogi Ali Rahayu Anne Carolina Arif Rahman Jabal Arifin Budiman Nugraha Arifin Nugraha Arini Ratnasari ASEP SAEFUDDIN Azizah, Hanifah Nur Azmi, Zul Damiana Rita Ekastuti Daowen Zhang Dedi Duryadi Solihin Denny Widaya Lukman Desem, Muhammad Ibrahim Didik T Subekti Didik T Subekti Didik Tulus Subekti Didik Tulus Subekti Didik Tulus Subekti Didik Tulus Subekti Dyah Ayu Kurniawati Dyah Iswantini Effionora Anwar Eko Setyo Purwanto Ekowati Handharyani Etih Sudarnika Eva Harlina Fajar Kawitan Farlin Nepho Fitri, Arni Diana Fitrine Ekawasti Fitrine Ekawasti Fitrine Ekawasti Fitrine Ekawasti, Fitrine Fong, Sulinawati Hadri Latif HERA MAHESHWARI Ichwan Yuniarto Isdoni Bustaman Isrok Malikus Sufi Jodi Vanden Eng koekoeh santoso Kurniawati, Dyah Ayu Laela N. Anisah M. Jamaluddin Assidiqi M. Jamaluddin Assidiqi, M. Jamaluddin M. Mirsageri M. Mirsageri, M. Mahdi Jufri MIRNA WATI DEWI Mirnawati Sudarwanto MIRNAWATI SUDARWANTO MUHAMMAD ADIB MUSTOFA muhammad ibrahim desem MULYATI EFFENDI Nepho, Farlin Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti Nisrina Rosyida Noor Rifai NLP Indi Dharmayanti Nugraha, Arifin Nugraha, Arifin Budiman Nuradji, Harimurti Nurcahyo, Raden Wisnu Nurridho Wahid, Muhammad Pudji Achmadi Purwantiningsih Sugita Purwanto, Eko Setyo Putri, Maritrana Qing Wen, Jyn Soong RESSY RIANDCI Rini Damayanti Risa Tiuria Rismayani Saridewi Rismayani Saridewi, Rismayani Rita Kartika Sari Rita Kusriastuti Riza Zainuddin Ahmad Sadiah, Siti Satyawardana, Wirokartiko Sa’diah , Siti Sa’diah, Siti Siti Sa&#039;diah Siti Sa'diah Siti Sa'diah Siti Sa’diah Siti Sa’diah Sri Familasari Sufi, Isrok Malikus Susi Soviana Taher, Dharmawaty M. Tara Puri Ducha Rahmani Tarigan, Ronald Tjahja Muhandri Upik Kesumawati Hadi Valinata, Sisca Veenu Kumar Veerasamy, Suganti Vetnizah Juniantito Wasmen Manalu Wasrin Syafii William A. Hawley Winarsongko, Agus Wiwin Winarsih YENI KEZIA BEKALANI Yulia Yellita Yuniarto, Ichwan Zul Azmi Zulfiqri Z Zulfiqri Z, Zulfiqri