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Pathogenicity and Effectiveness of Entomopathogen Nematode Heterorhabditis sp. to Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) PATOGENISITAS DAN KEEFEKTIFAN NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN Heterorhabditis sp. TERHADAP PENGGEREK UMBI Lufthi Rusniarsyah; Aunu Rauf; Supramana .; Samsudin .
Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika Vol. 6 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika
Publisher : Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/j-siltrop.6.1.%p

Abstract

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the important potato pest. Damage occurs in the field as well as in the storage warehouses. If control is not performed well, the potential loss will reach almost 100%. The effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes of the Heterorhabditis has been studied to control several crop pests. Infective juveniles (IJ’s) of nematodes are capable to seek and infect insects that live in soil and in plant tissues. The objectives of the research are to study the pathogenicity of the Heterorhabditis sp. against P. operculella in the laboratory in direct treatment and in the potato tuber. The experiment was employed a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment tested are the density level of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 IJ/ml) and the control. The results showed that P. operculella infected by Heterorhabditis sp. has symptoms of decreasing motion and feeding activity. Dead insects have change color to dark brown and the body become soft. Heterorhabditis sp. can kill P. operculella within 12 hours after application (HAA). At density level 100 IJ/ml it can control P. operculella by 85% within 24 HAA. The mortality rates of P. operculella in the tubers was 35% at doses of 1000 IJ/tubers, although the ANOVA test was not significantly different.Key words: Phthorimaea operculella, entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis sp.
Karakterisasi Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA Nematoda Pucuk Putih (Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie) Ade Indra Maulana Sembiring; Fitrianingrum Kurniawati; Supramana Supramana
Agrovigor Vol 12, No 1 (2019): Maret
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (747.238 KB) | DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v12i1.5085

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Aphelenchoides besseyi merupakan nematoda parasit tumbuhan penting pada padi dan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 54%. Informasi mengenai nematoda A. besseyi di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi A. besseyi berdasarkan daerah ITS dan menganalisis runutan nukleotida dari daerah ITS. Nematoda A. besseyi diekstraksi dari 6 g benih dari tujuh varietas padi, yaitu Ciherang, Gondo Roso, Hibrida Prima, Inpari Sidenuk, Pertiwi, Pandan Wangi, dan Sintanur. Ekstraksi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode Corong Baermann yang telah dimodifikasi. Identifikasi molekuler dengan PCR mengamplifikasi wilayah ITS menggunakan pasangan primer spesifik forward (5’-ACA ATC GAG TTG GGA GTG-3’) dan  reverse (5’-GGT CAG TGT CAT CAA TCG-3’). Hasil amplifikasi DNA A. besseyi diperoleh fragmen berukuran sekitar ±750 bp. Hasil analisis penyejajaran diperoleh 555 nukleotida. Isolat A. besseyi asal Indonesia varietas Inpari Sidenuk, Ciherang, Hibrida Prima, dan Pandan Wangi menunjukkan homologi  nukleotida 100% dengan isolat asal Cina dan Rusia, serta varietas Sintanur, Pertiwi, dan Gondo Roso memiliki homologi 100% dengan isolat asal India. Perbandingan homologi isolat asal Indonesia dengan outgroup isolat A. primadentus asal Iran menunjukkan kemiripan nukleotida 74.4%. Perbedaan runutan nukleotida antar isolat terletak pada posisi 216, 376, dan 448. Hal tersebut menunjukkan isolat asal Indonesia memiliki tingkat kesamaan yang tinggi dan berkerabat sangat dekat dengan isolat asal Cina, Rusia, dan India.Kata kunci: analisis filogenetika, analisis penyejajaran, homologi
POTENTIAL USE OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA TO CONTROL Pratylenchus brachyurus ON PATCHOULI Rita Harni; Supramana Supramana; Supriadi Supriadi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 2 (2012): October 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v13n2.2012.p86-95

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Pratylenchus brachyurus is an important parasitic nematode which significantly decreases quality and quantity of patchouli oil. One potential measure for controlling the nematode is by using endophytic bacteria. These bacteria also induce plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of endo-phytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus. The experiments were carried out in the Bacteriological Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural University, and the Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute from April to December 2007. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of patchouli plants sampled from various locations in West Java. Antagonistic activity of the isolates were selected against P. brachyurus and their abilities to induce plant growth of patch-ouli plants. Isolates having ability to control P. brachyurus and promote plant growth were identified by molecular techniques using 16S rRNA universal primers. The results showed that a total of 257 isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained from patchouli roots and their population density varied from 2.3 x 102 to 6.0 x 105 cfu g-1 fresh root. As many as 60 isolates (23.34%) were antagonistic against P. brachyurus causing 70-100% mortality of the namatode, 72 isolates (28.01%) stimu-lated plant growth, 32 isolates (12.47%) inhibited plant growth, and 93 isolates (36.18%) were neutral. Based on their antago-nistic and plant growth enhancer characters, five isolates of the bacteria, namely Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK, and Bacillus subtilis NJ57 suppressed 74.0-81.6% nema-tode population and increased 46.97-86.79% plant growth. The study implies that the endophytic bacteria isolated from patchouly roots are good candidates for controlling P. brachyurus on patchouly plants. Bahasa IndonesiaPratylenchus brachyurus adalah nematoda parasit pada tana-man nilam yang dapat menurunkan hasil dan kualitas minyak nilam. Salah satu cara pengendalian yang potensial terhadap nematoda tersebut adalah menggunakan bakteri endofit. Selain dapat membunuh nematoda, bakteri endofit juga dapat meng-induksi pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk  mengevaluasi potensi bakteri endofit yang berasal dari tanaman nilam untuk mengendalikan namatoda parasit P. brachyurus. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor, serta di  laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, pada bulan April sampai Desember 2007. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari sampel akar tanaman nilam dari beberapa lokasi di Jawa Barat. Isolat-isolat bakteri endofit diseleksi kemampuannya untuk membunuh P. brachyurus dan menginduksi pertumbuhan tanam-an nilam. Isolat bakteri endofit yang potensial selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara molekuler menggunakan primer universal 16S rRNA. Penelitian memperoleh 257 isolat bakteri endofit dengan kerapatan populasi 2,3 x 102 sampai 6,0 x 105  cfu g-1 berat basah akar. Enam puluh isolat (23,34%) di antaranya bersifat antagonis terhadap P. brachyurus dengan mortalitas 70-100%, 72 isolat (28,01%) dapat memacu pertumbuhan tanaman nilam, 93 isolat (36,18%) bersifat netral, dan 32 isolat (12,47%) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Berdasarkan hasil peng-ujian antagonis dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman, lima isolat bakteri, yaitu Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16,  Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK, dan Bacillus subtilis NJ57 dapat menekan populasi nematoda 74,0-81,6% dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan nilam 46,97-86,79%. Penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri endofit dari tanaman nilam berpotensi mengendalikan P. brachyurus pada tanaman nilam.
In Vitro Cultivation of Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie on Fungal Cultures Annisa Nur Imamah; Supramana Supramana; Tri Asmira Damayanti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 24, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.42227

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White tip disease on rice caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi is categorized as emerging infectious disease in Indonesia because the disease incidence and its geographical distributionare increasing rapidly. Until presently, there is no information related with mass culture technique of Ap. besseyi in Indonesia. Thus, studies to obtain pure population of Ap. besseyi  are necessary to be conducted to support various research aspects in the future. This research is aimed to study Ap. besseyi pure mass culture technique by rearing the nematode on three fungal species. Three different fungal cultures on PDA medium, i.e. Alternaria padwickii, Fusarium semitectum, and Botrytis cinerea were tested as Ap. besseyi cultivation media. To obtain the optimum condition for nematode cultivation, the fungal cultures were incubated in three different temperature. The nematodes were surface sterilized with 0.1% streptomycin sulfate followed by washing with sterilized water before infesting the nematode into fungal culture. Subsequently, 25 sterilized nematodes were infested into 7 days old of fungal culture and incubated at 20ºC, 25ºC and 30 ºC. After 21 days, nematodes were harvested and counted the final population. Among fungal species tested as rearing medium, the best culture for Ap. besseyi reproduction was on Al. padwickii culture at 25 ºC with average final population up to 9,115 per petri dish and reproduction factor 364.6. At a 30ºC, Ap. besseyi was failed to develop its population in all the fungal cultures tested. It indicated that the optimum temperature for reproduction  of Ap. besseyi on those of  fungal  species was 20-25 ºC.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Pratylenchus coffeae from the Origin of Robusta Coffee Plantation in Malang, East Java Aris Budiman; Supramana Supramana; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.42481

Abstract

Pratylenchus coffeae is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in Robusta coffee plantations. Information regarding morphology, morphometric and molecular characters of P. coffeae has not been reported in Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe those characters of P. coffeae that attack Robusta coffee. Root samples were taken from Robusta coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Nematode extractions was conducted using a mist chamber method. Morphology and morphometric characters were observed from the permanent nematode slides. Single nematode DNA extract was amplified at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA with universal primers. Amplicon was sequenced and analysed for phylogenetic tree relationships. Female morphological key character of P. coffeae observed are: lip with two annulations, four lateral lines, esophageal overlap with intestine ventrally, monodelphic, and truncated tail shape. Male spicules curved ventrally. Female morphometrics are: n=26, L = 556.4 μm, DGO = 2.4 μm, anterior gonad = 174.8 μm, a = 28.5, b = 6.1, b’ = 4.1, c = 20.1, c’ = 2.3, V = 81.7. A Male is smaller than a female with n=24, L = 505.9 μm,  a = 32.3, b = 5.5, b '= 3.9, c = 15.3, c' = 2.8 and T = 40.6. The molecular characters of P. coffeae were investigated for two isolates, namely SA1 and SA2.  Based on the D2D3 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, isolate SA1 has similarity level of 99% and 97% to the P. coffeae  from NCBI. Similar result was shown by Isolate SA2 with similarity of 100% and 100% respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis using Maximum Likelihood at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions showed that P. coffeae in this study was included in one clade with P. coffeae from several countries.
Phytonematodes Community and Polyphasic Character of Aphelenchoides varicaudatus on Garlic Plants in Tegal Regency, Central Java Mokhammad Danang Kusuma; Supramana Supramana; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.49779

Abstract

The interception of Ditylenchus dipsaci, D. destructor, and Aphelenchoides fragariae, which are classified as quarantine pests, has been reported to occur on imported garlic bulbs used for consumption at several traditional markets in Bogor. This finding should increase awareness of the chance of garlic contamination in Indonesia’s garlic fields. This study aimed to evaluate the nematode community and determine polyphasic characters of Aphelenchoides species from garlic plantations. The study was conducted by sampling soil and plants from garlic plantations in Tuwel and Rembul Villages, Bojong District, Tegal Regency, Central Java in December 2018. Nematode extraction was done using a mist chamber for plant materials and sugar flotation – centrifugation methods for soil samples. Parameters measured included nematode species identity, absolute population and prominence indexes. Nematode identification was conducted based on their morphological characters. Further identification based on morphometric and molecular characters (polyphasic) conducted for nematodes species suspected as quarantine pests. Six generas of nematodes identified were Helicotylenchus, Aphelenchoides, Rotylenchulus, Aphelenchus, Criconemoides, and Tylenchus. Aphelenchoides sp. had the highest prominence value from plant tissue with a value of 6.32 and is categorized as a quarantine pest genus (A. fragariae) in garlic and was further identified to the species level. Further identification based on polyphasic characters showed the Aphelenchoides sp. found was A. varicaudatus.
KEEFEKTIFAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN NEMATODA Pratylenchus brachyurus PADA TANAMAN NILAM RITA HARNI; SUPRAMANA SUPRAMANA; MEITY S. SINAGA; GIYANTO GIYANTO; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n1.2011.6-10

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenggunaan bakteri endofit sebagai agen pengendalian nematodaparasit seperti Meloidogyne incognita pada kapas dan tomat, Globoderasp. pada kentang dan Radopholus similis pada pisang telah banyak ditelitipada beberapa jenis tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisiskeefektifan  beberapa  bakteri  endofit terhadap  perkembangan  P.brachyurus, penetrasi, reproduksi, dan kerusakan yang diakibatkannyapada tanaman nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumahkaca Hama dan Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan AromatikBogor, dari bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2008. Penelitian menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 6 perlakuan dengan 7 ulangan. Lima isolatbakteri endofit, yaitu Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenesfaecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK, danBacillus subtilis NJ57, diaplikasikan pada setek tanaman nilam denganmetode perendaman akar. Seminggu setelah tanam, nilam diinokulasidengan 500 ekor P. brachyurus. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap penetrasi,reproduksi, populasi nematoda, dan pertumbuhan nilam. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit A. xylosoxidans TT2, A. faecalisNJ16, P. putida EH11, B. cereus MSK, dan B. subtilis NJ57 dapatmenekan penetrasi dan populasi P. brachyurus ke dalam akar sebesar54,8-70,6% dengan faktor reproduksi (pf/pi) 0,61-0,94 dan meningkatkanpertumbuhan tanaman nilam sebesar 37,86-84,71%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, bakteri endofit, keefektifan, nematoda,Pratylenchus brachyurus, pengendalian biologiABSTRACTEffectiveness  of  endophytic  bacteria  to  controlPratylenchus brachyurus nematode on patchouliThe use of endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents for nematodes,such as Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and tomatoes, Globodera sp. onpotatoes and Radopholus similis on bananas has been widely studied inseveral crops. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness ofsome endophytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus, penetration,reproduction, and plant fresh weight production. Five isolates, namely A.xylosoxidans TT2, A. faecalis NJ16, P. putida EH11, B. cereus MSK, andB. subtilis NJ57 were applied to the patchouli cutting roots by soakingmethod before planting. A week after planting, the plants were inoculatedwith 500 juveniles and adults of P. brachyurus. Observations were doneon penetration and reproduction rates of the nematode, and growth ofpatchouli plant. Under greenhouse condition, A. xylosoxidans TT2, A.faecalis NJ16, P. putida EH11, B. cereus MSK, and B. subtilis NJ57reduced penetration rate of P. brachyurus into the patchouli roots by 54.8to 70.6% and suppressed nematode population with pf/pi value 0.61 to0.94. Growth of inoculated plants increased by 37.86 to 84.71% comparedwith uninoculated (control) ones.Key words: Pogostemon cablin, endophytic bacteria, effectivenessnematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, biological control
Fusarium Species Associated with Corm Rot of Taro in Bogor . WIDODO; . SUPRAMANA
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (739.153 KB) | DOI: 10.5454/mi.5.3.6

Abstract

In Bogor-West Java, corm rot disease of taro has devastated in many cropping areas and caused yield losses up to 70%. During preliminary studies, Fusarium species were constantly recovered when diseased materials, rotten corms and discolored petioles were incubated. The objectives of this study was to identify the Fusarium species associated with the corm rot disease in Bogor and determine their pathogenicity and hosts range. Samples were collected from 40 diseased corm samples taken in 9 sub-districts of Bogor. Two species, viz, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were identified based on the morphological characteristics. Among 40 Fusarium isolates recovered in this study, 70% were Fusarium solani and 30% were F. oxysporum.  F. solani could infect to all tested edible Araceae , while F. oxysporum was only pathogenic to Colocasia esculenta. Both species of Fusarium did not cause any symptoms when inoculated on selected ornamental and legume crops. These results gave the indication that F. solani was probably pathogenic only to edible Araceae, but further inoculation assay on living taro plants are necessary to carry out in order to clarify this result.
IDENTIFIKASI PATOTIPE GLOBODERA ROSTOCHIENSIS MENGGUNAKAN KLON DIFERENSIAL . Lisnawita; . Supramana; Gede Suastika
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 13 No. 2 (2013): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (110.967 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.213105-109

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Identification of Globodera rostochiensis using differential clones. Potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a relatively new pathogen in Indonesia that becomes a constraint to potato production. To manage the parasite effectively, it is very important to identify the pathotype of G. rostochiensis populations. Therefore, this research was carried out to identify G. rostochiensis pathotypes. Four G. rostochiensis samples, consisting of three samples from East Java and one sample from Central Java, were identified using a set of differential clones. The result showed that G. rostochiensis samples from East Java were new pathotype, whereas the sample from Central Java was Ro1 pathotype.
KEEFEKTIFAN LIMBAH TANAMAN BRASSICACEAE UNTUK PENGENDALI NEMATODA PURU AKAR (MELOIDOGYNE SPP.) PADA MIKROPLOT DI LAPANGAN Muhammad Jabal Nur; Supramana .; Abdul Munif
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (173.681 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.21699-106

Abstract

Effectivenes of Brassicaceae plant wastes to control the root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) at a field microplot scale. Meloidogyne spp. is a soil borne pathogen that infects plant roots and causes root galls. Root knot nematodes can reduce crop production by 15 to 95%, so that the control measures are needed. One of the control methods is using plants as biofumigant. Plants of the family Brassicaceae were reported contain glucosinolate (GSL). During decomposition, GSL is hydrolized to isothiocyanates (ITS) which is a highly toxic compound to soil organisms, including nematodes. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of five Brassicaceous plant wastes, namely cabbage (B. oleracea var capitata), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (B. oleracea var italica), chinese cabbage (B. chinensis) and pakcoy (B. rapa var parachinensis) to suppress root knot nematodes (RKN). The experiment was conducted on microplot scale in the field. The experimental design used was a 4x5 factorial CRD. The first factors are waste of Brassica and the second factors are the amount of Brassica wastes per microplot. The experiments were made in 6 replications. Application of 5 Brassica plant wastes at all doses tested effectively reduced the number of root knot by 45.65% to 94.43% and increased the average number of tomato fruits. Tomato plants grew better at microplots when treated with chinese cabbage and pakcoy wastes.