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All Journal Jurnal Sain Veteriner BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Archive of Community Health Buletin Veteriner Udayana Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Journal Of Vocational Health Studies Oceana Biomedicina Journal ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas Bali Dental Journal Oceana Biomedicina Journal Indonesian Journal of Cancer INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Journal of Global Pharma Technology Neurona Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
I Dewa Made Sukrama
Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Bali
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Dentistry Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus PADA PERMUKAAN BENDA DI POLIKLINIK RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA Saranova, Hilda; Hendrayana, Made Agus; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 13 No 9 (2024): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MU.2024.V13.i09.P02

Abstract

Peralatan medis yang digunakan secara bersamaan tanpa disinfeksi secara memadai dapat memudahkan transmisi mikroorganisme penyebab infeksi nosokomial, khususnya Staphylococcus aureus. Pencegahan infeksi nosokomial dapat dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan peran pelayanan kesehatan salah satunya dengan melakukan pengamatan mengenai gambaran dan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotika. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jumlah MRSA yang menjadi reservoir alat medis pada lingkungan Poliklinik Rawat Jalan dan Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Universitas Udayana. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional potong-lintang dengan populasi terjangkau berupa peralatan medis stetoskop, termometer, termogun, dan tensimeter dengan frekuensi penggunaan yang tinggi. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode total sampling dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode swab yang kemudian dikultur pada media MSA. Uji katalase dan koagulase dilakukan untuk koloni yang dicurigai Staphylococcus aureus dan dilanjutkan dengan pewarnaan Gram. Isolat kemudian dilakukan pengujian sensitivitas antibiotik menggunakan cefoxitin 30 ?g. Dari total 28 sampel, tidak ditemukan MRSA pada peralatan medis. Prevalensi alat medis yang menjadi reservoir bakteri S.aureus secara keseluruhan adalah 10,71%. Prevalensi tertinggi berdasarkan lokasi terdapat pada poliklinik anak (7,14%) dan ruangan screening poliklinik (3,57%). Ketiga sampel S.aureus yang didapatkan menunjukkan hasil sensitif yang menandakan bahwa bakteri tersebut merupakan Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
IDENTIFIKASI SUBTIPE Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli DAN Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli PADA BIJI KOPI FESES LUWAK (Paradoxorus hermaphroditus) DARI BEBERAPA AGROWISATA DI BALI Wira Guna, I Gede Bhima; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri; Hendrayana, Made Agus; Sukrama, I Dewa Made
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 12 No 9 (2023): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MU.2023.V12.i09.P15

Abstract

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kopi luwak merupakan salah satu kopi yang terkenal akan citra rasanya. Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil kopi luwak terbaik di dunia, Bali merupakan salah satu tempat yang banyak memproduksi kopi luwak. Kopi luwak berasal dari hasil pencernaan hewan luwak yang memakan biji kopi. Luwak merupakan hewan berdarah panas yang didalam sistem pencernaannya terdapat banyak bakteri flora nomal, yaitu Escherichia coli. Pada proses pengolahan dari biji kopi feses luwak masih banyak dilakukan secara tradisional, hal tersebut membuat petani luwak yang mengolah berpeluang tercemar bakteri Escherichia coli sehingga dapat menyebabkan diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengdentifikasi adanya bakteri Escherichia coli subtipe Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) dan Enteroaggergative Escherichia coli (EAEC) pada biji kopi feses luwak dari beberapa agrowisata di Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian observasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sebanyak 18 sampel yang diambil pada agrowisata di setiap kabupaten dan kota di Bali. Seluruh sampel diperiksa di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana. Sampel tersebut dikultur pada media Eosin Methylen Blue Agar (EMBA) dan hasil murni bakteri Escherichia coli dilanjutkan uji konfrontasi menggunakan pengecatan gram, serta tahap identifikasi subtipe ETEC dan EAEC dengan menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil: Dari 18 sampel yang dikumpulkan, 13 (72%) sampel positif bakteri Escherichia coli. 13 sampel positif dilanjutkan ke proses PCR dan didapatkan tidak terdeteksi adanya subtipe ETEC dan EAEC. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bakteri Escherichia coli pada Sebagian besar sampel biji kopi feses luwak yaitu 72%. Namun setelah diidentidikasi lebih lanjut pada metode PCR, tidak adanya subtipe ETEC dan EAEC pada seluruh sampel positif Escherichia coli. Kata Kunci : Biji kopi feses luwak, Escherichia coli, Diare
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Escherichia coli SUBTIPE Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli DAN Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli DENGAN METODE KULTUR DAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION PADA SATE DAGING BABI DI KOTA DENPASAR Putra, I Dw. Gd. Bayu Artha Pratama; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri; Hendrayana, Made Agus
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 11 No 5 (2022): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MU.2022.V11.i05.P13

Abstract

ABSTRACT Pork satay is a traditional Balinese dish whose basic ingredient is pork. Pork contains Escherichia coli bacteria which is a normal flora in pigs, so if it is not processed properly and hygienically, it has the potential to be contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria from pork or in the processing process which can cause diarrhea if consumed. This study aims to identify the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria contamination as well EAEC and EPEC subtypes on pork satay in Denpasar City. This research is a descriptive study with an observational research design. In this study, using cluster purposive sampling technique with 16 samples taken from each sub-district in Denpasar City. All samples were examined at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. The samples were cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media and the positive results of Escherichia coli bacteria from the culture process were continued to the identification stage using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Of the 16 samples of pork satay tested for culture, 9 (56%) samples were positive for Escherichia coli bacteria. All positive samples were continued with the identification process using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and the results showed no one of EAEC and EPEC subtypes were detected in all positive samples. In this study, most of the pork satay samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria, but after molecular identification, no one of EAEC and EPEC subtypes were found in all samples that were positive for Escherichia coli bacteria. Keywords : Pork satay, Escherichia coli, Diarrhea
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BASE GEDE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli Wibisana, I Dewa Nyoman Adi Ningrat; Hendrayana, Made Agus; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 13 No 9 (2024): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MU.2024.V13.i09.P01

Abstract

Foodborne disease is a condition in which food is contaminated by microorganisms or chemicals, causing disease. One of the microorganisms that most often causes this condition is Escherichia coli. There is an assumption which states that, base gede/base genep has antibacterial properties which inhibit the growth of bacteria in typical Balinese food such as lawar. Various studies have proven that the basic ingredients of base gede have antibacterial activity obtained from secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds contained in the base gede and the inhibitory power of the base gede in inhibiting the growth of the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. This study examined the content of secondary metabolites qualitatively and the experimental test was the true experimental posttest only control group design. The method used was the disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) with variations in the concentration of ethanol extract base gede as many as four groups (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and the negative control group was 96% ethanol and the positive control group ciprofloxacin 5g. The results of the phytochemical test found that the base gede ethanol extract contained phenols, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Inhibition test results observed inhibition zones formed at concentrations of 50%, 75%, 100% and K+ with diameters respectively 5.65+/-0.65 mm ; 7.00+/-1.35mm ; 7.78+/-1.18 mm dan 34.52+/-1.49 mm. Kruskal wallis test showed a value of p = 0.001 (p <0.05) which showed that the concentration group had an effect on the inhibition of E.coli ATCC 25922. There was a significant difference between the 50% and 100% concentrations obtained from the Mann-Whitney analysis with value of p = 0.043 (p<0.05). Keywords : Inhibition test, base gede, Escherichia coli
IMPLEMENTATION NUTRIGENOMIC OF VITAMIN D IN PERIODONTITIS Hervina, Hervina; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Jawi, I Made
Journal of Vocational Health Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): July 2022 | JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL HEALTH STUDIES
Publisher : Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jvhs.V6.I1.2022.73-77

Abstract

Background: Nutrition is a significant risk factor for the incidence of periodontal disease. Nutrients acting on the human genome, either directly or indirectly, can change the expression and structure of genes. One of the micronutrients associated with periodontitis is vitamin D. Vitamin D has an important role in bone and calcium metabolism and regulates serum calcium and phosphate concentrations at normal limits. Purpose: To discuss the nutritional vitamin D as an essential micronutrient in preventing and accelerating healing in periodontitis. Review: Searched two databases from article publication to April 2021, resulting in a total of 66 hits, from which seven relevant articles were selected. VDR signaling can build transcription of genes encoding proactive cytokines, bypassing the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin pathway, and can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase production. The protective mechanism of vitamin D against periodontitis occurs through two biological pathways, namely anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory pathways. The anti-microbial effect of vitamin D results from the binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 with VDR which then induces cAMP, b-def-2 and b-def-3 peptides by macrophages, monocytes, gingival epithelium and periodontal ligament epithelium. The anti-inflammatory effect occurs through decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: All the signaling effects of VDR can reduce bacteria induced in the inflammatory cytokines so that personalized vitamin D supplementation with an adjusted dose as needed can be used in preventing periodontitis or accelerating the healing of periodontitis.
Tuli Sensorineural Pasca Meningitis Streptococcus Suis: Sebuah Topik Kajian Strategis Bidang Ilmu Neuroinfeksi Sudewi, AA Raka; Pramitasuri, Tjokorda Istri; Susilawathi, Ni Made; Adi Tarini, Ni Made; Mahardika, I Gusti Ngurah Kade; Sukrama, I Dewa Made
Majalah Kedokteran Neurosains Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Vol 39 No 3 (2022): Vol 39 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : PERDOSNI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52386/neurona.v39i3.341

Abstract

Sensorineural deafness as a result of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) meningitis is a serious hazard to worldwide public health and one of the strategic study concerns in neuroscience. There is currently no treatment plan for sensorineural deafness brought on by S. suis meningitis that can significantly enhance quality of life. Controlling S. suis meningitis-related sensorineural deafness is therefore vital for the area of neurology. This review of the literature seeks to provide an overview of the scientific literature on the epidemiology, etiology, and features of deafness as they pertain to sensorineural hearing loss brought on by S. suis meningitis. Spiral Ganglion Neurons, hair cells in the cochlea, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the peripheral auditory system interact with one another in the etiology of sensorineural deafness, according to recent studies.
UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF PKK BANJAR PURWA SANTHI BENOA ON MEDICAL MASK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND STRENGTHENING HEALTH PROTOCOLS IN CONTROLLING COVID-19 INFECTION Adiputra, I Komang Hotra; Harmayani, Kadek Diana; Susilawathi, Ni Made; Purnamasidhi, Cokorda Agung Wahyu; Witarini, Komang Ayu; Biantara, I Wayan Arya; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Weisnawa, I Gede Purna; Jerry; Wulandari, Putu Kintan; Junior, Darren; Shanti, Dewa Ayu Fony Prema; Warmadewanthi, I Dewa Ayu Agung
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, APRIL 2023
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v6i1.15335

Abstract

The increase in mask waste and a lack of understanding about the management of single-use mask waste raises the potential for environmental pollution and COVID-19 transmission. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of understanding of medical mask waste management and strengthening health protocols in controlling COVID-19 infection in Banjar Purwa Santhi, Benoa, Badung Regency. Methodology and Results: A cross-sectional method and descriptive study design were used with a sample of 100 respondents selected via stratified sampling. The research and service activities at Banjar Purwa Santhi Benoa include public campaign and assessment of the level understanding of medical mask waste management. Based on univariate analysis, 91% of respondents know that mask waste contains hazardous and toxic substances. If mask waste is disposed carelessly, 98% of respondents stated that it can pollute the environment, and 98% of respondents also stated that it has the potential to become a means of transmitting COVID-19. However, 85% of respondents disposed of the masks in the household trash. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Respondents had a good level of knowledge about health protocols and mask waste management but have not separated masks from household waste. By holding the community service activity, it is hoped that changes in community behavior will occur.
The potential of polyphenols from natural ingredients against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review Hendrayana, Made Agus; I Made Jawi; Dewa Made Sukrama; Dewa Ngurah Suprapta
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 2 No 3 (2021): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.2310

Abstract

All countries in the world are facing the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic which has resulted in various crises. To date, there is no effective treatment in controlling COVID-19. Many clinical trials of approved drugs against COVID-19 were conducted. However, the results were inconclusive, even severe adverse effects were reported. The new effective drugs are therefore urgently needed. Herbal medicines have been widely used by community to enhance the body immune system during COVID-19 pandemic. Polyphenols are large group of active compounds found in the natural ingredients. These compounds have been proven to have biological activity against various pathogen infections including viral infection. During COVID-19 pandemic, various polyphenol compounds from various medicinal plants have been investigated for their activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) both in silico and in vitro. Among the polyphenols investigated, some of them namely papyriflavonol, catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, luteolin, quercetin, tangeretin, naringenin, herbacetin, emodin, eriodyctiol, fenoterol, baicalin, myricetin, quercetagetin exhibited strong activity against SARS-CoV-2. The possibilities of mechanism of actions as antiSARS-CoV-2 of these polyphenols were 1) bind to the N protein causing the inhibition of viral transcription and replication; 2) inhibit the binding of S protein to ACE2 receptors preventing the entry of the virus into the host cells; 3) inhibit 3CLpro function inhibiting the viral transcription and maturation; and 4) bind directly to the ACE2 receptor. In conclusion, some polyphenol compounds from nature ingredients are potential to develop to be future antiSARS-CoV-2. However, further the pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to strengthen existing evidence.
Co-Authors AA. Raka Karsana Adinda Putra Pradhana Adiputra, I Komang Hotra Amin, Yusuf Sidang Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma Anggita Ratri Pusporini Astawa N. M., Astawa N. Astawa P., Astawa Bagus Komang Satriyasa Biantara, I Wayan Arya Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Darren Junior Dennis Yulianto Desak Gde Diah Dharma Santhi Dewa Ayu Fony Prema Shanti Dewa Ayu Putu Rasmika Dewi Dewa Gede Agung Widyadnyana Dewa Ngurah Suprapta Dewa Ngurah Suprapta Dewa Putu Satria Juristiasa Dewi Anggraini Dik Megaputri Handayani Ekaputra Ekaputra, Ekaputra Ema Surya Pertiwi Gema Zakharian Hendrawan, Gresya Hervina Hervina I D.P. Kartika Pratiwi I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi I Dewa Gde Mayun Permana I Gede Purna Weisnawa I Gusti Agung Ayu Anjani Kartika Dewi I Gusti Agung Dyah Ambarawati I Gusti Ayu Fienna Novianthi Sidiartha I Gusti Ayu Mas Putri Dharmayanti I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Ketut Agus Somia I Ketut Suwiyoga I Komang Hotra Adiputra I M. Sumarya, I M. I Made Bakta I Made Gustama Heryawan I Made Jawi I Made Reza Pramudya I Made Sathya Vijayananda I Nengah Sujaya I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Wayan Adi Pranata I Wayan Arya Biantara I Wayan Muda Suta Arta I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Suardana I Wayan Suranadi I. K. Sukardika I.D.A.A Warmadewanthi I.K. Suata Ichlazul Ma’ruf Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra Dwija Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Ida Sri Iswari Jerry Jerry Junior, Darren K. Sukardika Kadek Diana Harmayani Kadek Tresna Yuwana Ketut Suryana Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati KOMANG AYU NOCIANITRI Komang Ayu Witarini Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih Luh Wayan Ayu Rahaswanti Made Agus Dwianthara Sueta Made Agus Hendrayana Mantik AN Mia Ayustina Prasetya N. Adiputra Ni Kadek Fiora Rena Pertiwi Ni Kadek Lyming Lestari Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari Ni Made Adi Tarini Ni Made Ayu Aryati Dinarini Ni Made Susilawathi Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nyoman Puspawati Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti Ni Wayan Arni Sardi NYOMAN SEMADI ANTARA Pramitasuri, Tjokorda Istri Putra, I Dw. Gd. Bayu Artha Pratama Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra Putu Aprilyana Eka Astuti Putu Bagus Redika Janasuta Putu Kintan Wulandari Putu Wiswananta Parama Raka-Sudewi A. A. Reny Rosalina Rian Ka Praja Rudi Wisaksana Saranova, Hilda Saraswati P. Yogita Satoto D., Satoto Shanti, Dewa Ayu Fony Prema Sherly Yunita Sieny Veronica Sonia Elvira Salim Sri Maliawan Steffano Aditya Handoko SUMARNO Suryadi N. T., Suryadi N. Susilawathi, Ni Made Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa W. A., W. Wahyu Hidayati Wayan Redi Aryanta Weisnawa, I Gede Purna Wibisana, I Dewa Nyoman Adi Ningrat Winatha, I Gde Pangestu Putrama Wira Guna, I Gede Bhima Wiryana M., Wiryana Wulandari, Putu Kintan Yan Ramona