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THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC POTENTIAL OF Paederia foetida L. LEAF EXTRACT THROUGH THE DOWNREGULATION OF CASPASE-3 EXPRESSION IN AN ESCHERICHIA COLI-INDUCED SEPSIS MICE MODEL Savitri, Lisa; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Sukmawati, Datin An Nisa; Probosiwi, Neni; Laili, Nur Fahma; Ilmi, Tsamrotul; Prasetyawan, Fendy
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2024.8235

Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by an abnormal immune response to infection, leading to high mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Caspase-3, a crucial enzyme in the apoptosis pathway, plays a significant role in sep-sis-related cellular damage. This study investigates the anti-apoptotic potential of Paederia foetida L. leaf extract by examining its effect on Caspase-3 expression in an Escherichia coli-induced sepsis mice model. Male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups, including positive control, negative control, and treatment groups receiving varying doses of the extract (100 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 500 mg/kgBW). Caspase-3 expression in the spleen was measured after 24 hours of treatment. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in Caspase-3 expression, particularly in the group treated with 500 mg/kgBW of the extract, indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. These findings suggest that P. foetida leaf extract may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing cell apoptosis in sepsis, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and clinical pharmacological field.
THE EFFECT OF Paederia foetida L. EXTRACT ON LIVER WEIGHT OF MICE SEPSIS MODEL INFECTED WITH Escherichia coli Savitri, Lisa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2024.8965

Abstract

Sepsis is a critical medical condition characterized by a systemic immune response to in-fection, which can lead to severe organ dysfunction and mortality. Bacterial sepsis, par-ticularly caused by Escherichia coli, poses a significant risk due to its potential to harm tissues and organs, including the liver. The liver plays a central role in metabolic process-es and host defense during sepsis, making it a key organ of interest. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Paederia foetida leaf extract on liver weight in a mice sepsis mod-el. Mice were divided into six groups: normal control (N), negative control (K-) receiving distilled water, positive control (K+) receiving ciprofloxacin, treatment 1 (P1) receiving P. foetida extract at 100 mg/kg BW, treatment 2 (P2) receiving 300 mg/kg BW, and treat-ment 3 (P3) receiving 500 mg/kg BW. After 14 days of treatment, significant differences in liver weight were observed among the groups, with the highest mean and standard de-viation recorded in the P1 group (1.3750 ± 0.3932). Liver abnormalities, including swell-ing, lobular thickening, and weight increase, were identified, indicating the liver’s adap-tive response to toxic substances during sepsis. Interestingly, the normal control group exhibited higher liver weights compared to the treatment groups, possibly due to fatty substance accumulation within the liver tissues. These findings suggest that P. foetida ex-tract may influence liver weight changes in sepsis, potentially modulating metabolic and detoxification processes. Further studies focusing on histopathological and biochemical mechanisms are needed to clarify the therapeutic potential of P. foetida in managing liver dysfunction associated with sepsis.
BLOOD SMEAR EXAMINATION AND DIFFERENTIAL COUNT IN RATS WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI ESBL AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CARBAPENEMASE INFECTIONS Savitri, Lisa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Ihsan, Kharisul; Faizal, Imam Agus
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.10708

Abstract

Sepsis is an irregular body response to severe infection, triggering uncontrolled inflammation that can lead to extensive tissue damage. It can progress to septic shock with multiple organ failure, resulting in death if left untreated. Laboratory examinations, such as leukocyte differential count in hematology, help understand the distribution pattern of white blood cells associated with health conditions. Laboratory research was conducted on mice injected with E. coli ESBL or K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. After 24 hours, observations were made on apoptosis in the spleen and liver of mice. Mouse blood was processed to count white blood cell types with a differential count. The results were analyzed to compare the control group with the bacterial infection groups of E. coli ESBL and K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. The research results indicate that the neutrophil count in the E. coli ESBL group is still within the normal range and lower (44.5±1.915%) compared to the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase group (55.75±8.342%). Similarly, the lymphocyte count in the E. coli ESBL group is within the normal range and lower (77.5±3.109%) compared to the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase group (91.25±7.588%). This highlights the crucial role of neutrophils and lymphocytes in responding to severe bacterial infections such as K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. Previous studies indicate neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia as markers of severe bacterial infections. Neutrophils are the primary defense against bacterial infections and can be rapidly recruited to the infection site, while specific infections can trigger prolonged neutrophil recruitment from hematopoietic tissues.
Evaluation of Paederia foetida L. Extract on Liver Weight Alterations in an Escherichia coli Sepsis Mouse Model Savitri, Lisa; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Rochmad Krissanjaya
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v11i1.23323

Abstract

Sepsis is a critical medical condition caused by a systemic immune response to infection and is often associated with severe organ dysfunction and high mortality. Bacterial sepsis, including cases triggered by Escherichia coli, can damage host tissues as the immune response becomes dysregulated. Infections involving E. coli in the digestive tract have become increasingly common. Among the affected organs, the liver plays a key role in metabolic regulation and host defense during sepsis. This study investigated the effect of Paederia foetida L. leaf extract on liver weight in a murine sepsis model. Introducing E. coli induces systemic infection and establishes the sepsis model, a commonly used approach in experimental studies to mimic the clinical features of sepsis. After acclimation, mice received treatments for 14 days across several groups: a normal control (N), a negative control (K–) given distilled water, a positive control (K+) given ciprofloxacin, and three treatment groups receiving P. foetida extract at 100 mg/kg BW (P1), 300 mg/kg BW (P2), and 500 mg/kg BW (P3). The analysis revealed significant differences among groups, with the highest mean liver weight recorded in P1 (1.3750 ± 0.3932). Liver abnormalities included enlargement, increased organ mass, swelling, and thickening of one liver lobe, which may reflect heightened hepatic workload during infection and toxin clearance. Interestingly, the normal group showed greater liver weight than several treatment groups, possibly due to fatty accumulation within hepatic tissue, which can influence overall organ mass.
Safety Evaluation of Burdock (Arctium Lappa L.) Root Extract: Effects on Spleen Histopathology and Peripheral Lymphocytes in Wistar Rats Faizal, Imam Agus; Afrilla, Rananda; Farabi, Meka Faizal; Savitri, Lisa
Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Vol 14 No 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrk.v14i2.13839

Abstract

Arctium lappa L. (burdock) root contains phytochemicals—including flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds—reported to exhibit immunomodulatory activity. This study evaluated the safety of Arctium lappa L. root extract through a 28-day post-test experimental design involving male and female Wistar rats. Eight animals were randomized into four groups receiving oral doses of 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg BW/day. Lymphocyte counts were measured using an automated analyzer, and splenic histopathology was assessed on Hematoxylin–Eosin–stained sections using semiquantitative scoring. Lymphocyte values (mean ± SD) showed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05; small effect size) and remained within physiological limits, with males ranging from 4.14 ± 0.21 to 7.96 ± 0.34 ×10³/µL and females from 2.04 ± 0.18 to 15.43 ± 0.52 ×10³/µL. No necrotic lesions were identified in any dose group. Splenic congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis were mild to moderate, remaining below 30–50% involvement without architectural disruption. These findings indicated that repeated oral exposure to A. lappa extract up to 450 mg/kg BW/day did not induce structural injury or suppress immune-cell profiles, supporting its preliminary safety for further toxicological and immunopharmacological investigation.
Karakterisasi Ecoenzyme dari Limbah Buah Nenas Jenis Smooth Cayenne Kultivar Pasir Kelud (PK-1) sebagai Disinfektan dalam Pembersih Lantai Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Hermanto, Dhony; Ismillayli, Nurul; Savitri, Lisa; Muttaqin, Saiful; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Probojati, Rasyadan Taufiq; Anjarwati, Aprilia; Apriana, Dita
BIO-CONS : Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): BIO-CONS: Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31537/biocons.v7i2.2880

Abstract

Limbah nanas Smooth Cayenne PK-1 berpotensi sebagai bahan baku ecoenzyme disinfektan alami. Penelitian ini mengkarakterisasi ecoenzyme dari tiga bagian buah (daging, kulit, batang) hasil fermentasi 90 hari, lalu memformulasikannya menjadi pembersih lantai. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan ecoenzyme dari kulit memiliki aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi, didukung kandungan fenolik dan pH asam (3,2–3,5). Formula pembersih lantai optimum diperoleh dengan konsentrasi 20% ecoenzyme kulit nanas. Formula ini memenuhi standar SNI 06-4085-1996: pH 7,2, viskositas 1150 cP, stabilitas emulsi baik, dan stabil selama 30 hari penyimpanan. Produk menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri signifikan terhadap E. coli (zona hambat 12,5 mm) serta efektif menghilangkan noda minyak (90,2%). Analisis regresi mengonfirmasi 20% sebagai titik optimum. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ecoenzyme dari kulit nanas PK-1 merupakan disinfektan alami yang efektif dan stabil untuk pembersih lantai ramah lingkungan, sekaligus mendukung pemanfaatan limbah pertanian bernilai tambah.
Analisis Kekerabatan Populasi Drosophila di Besuki, Bangil, dan Lumajang Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad
SIMBIOSA Vol 14, No 2 (2025): SIMBIOSA
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Riau Kepulauan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33373/simbiosa.v14i2.8415

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan kekerabatan populasi Drosophila dari tiga lokasi di Jawa Timur, yaitu Besuki, Bangil, dan Lumajang, berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Sampel diperoleh melalui penangkapan langsung dan diamati menggunakan parameter panjang tubuh, lebar sayap, dan intensitas pigmen. Analisis deskriptif, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), dan analisis klaster digunakan untuk menentukan pola variasi dan kedekatan morfologi antar populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi signifikan pada ketiga parameter, di mana populasi Besuki dan Bangil menunjukkan ukuran tubuh lebih besar dibandingkan Lumajang. Pigmentasi tubuh populasi Bangil lebih gelap dibandingkan dua lokasi lainnya. Analisis PCA dan klaster menunjukkan kedekatan kekerabatan Besuki–Bangil, sedangkan Lumajang membentuk kelompok tersendiri. Variasi ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan lokal, faktor genetik, dan aspek biotik. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan potensi penggunaan morfologi Drosophila sebagai indikator awal hubungan kekerabatan dan adaptasi lokal.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Lime Mistletoe Extract (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) Against Staphylococcus aureus with Standard Antibiotics Lisa Savitri; Mila Putri Daniati; Kharisma Rahmasari; Syntia Tanu Juwita
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1285-1288

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus remains a major cause of infections worldwide and is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, are valuable sources of alternative antibacterial agents. Lime mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.), traditionally used in Indonesian medicine, contains diverse phytochemicals that may exhibit antibacterial activity. Leaves of D. pentandra were collected, dried, and extracted using 96% ethanol. The crude extract was screened for phytochemicals and tested against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) using disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Oxacillin and vancomycin served as positive controls, while 1% DMSO was used as a negative control. All tests were performed in triplicate, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with significance set at p < 0.05. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. The extract produced inhibition zones of 8.5 ± 0.3 mm, 12.7 ± 0.5 mm, and 16.3 ± 0.6 mm at 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, respectively. MIC and MBC values were determined to be 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, with an MBC/MIC ratio of 2, indicating bactericidal activity. Inhibition zones of the extract at its highest concentration were comparable to oxacillin, though vancomycin exhibited superior activity. Ethanol extract of D. pentandra demonstrated moderate yet significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Its bactericidal potential and phytochemical diversity support its role as a candidate for further development, especially in topical applications or as a source of active lead compounds. Further research should investigate activity against resistant strains, cytotoxicity, and in vivo efficacy.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin Administration on Gastric Histopathological Changes in Mice Lisa Savitri; Kharisul Ihsan; Rochmad Krissanjaya; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Novirma Yanti; Mochamad Hanif Hilmi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.873-878

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical and veterinary practice. While effective against a broad range of bacterial infections, several studies have reported potential adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the gastric mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa of mice following ciprofloxacin administration at different doses. A total of 24 male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, low-dose ciprofloxacin, moderate-dose ciprofloxacin, and high-dose ciprofloxacin. Treatment was administered orally for 14 days. Gastric tissues were collected and examined histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Histopathological analysis revealed dose-dependent mucosal alterations. The control group showed intact gastric architecture, while the low-dose group exhibited mild epithelial erosion. The moderate-dose group presented with mucosal disruption and inflammatory infiltration, and the high-dose group demonstrated severe ulceration, edema, and mucosal thinning. These findings indicate progressive gastric injury with increasing ciprofloxacin exposure. Ciprofloxacin administration induces dose-dependent gastric mucosal injury in mice, consistent with fluoroquinolone-related gastrointestinal toxicity. Caution is warranted in prolonged or high-dose therapy, and further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential gastroprotective interventions.
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Toenails and Interdigital Spaces of Students Using Czapek Yeast Extract Agar Lisa Savitri; Kharisul Ihsan; Rochmad Krissanjaya; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Novirma Yanti; Mochamad Hanif Hilmi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.795-798

Abstract

Dermatophytosis remains a common superficial fungal infection affecting nails and interdigital spaces, with Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes as the predominant etiologic agents. The recent emergence of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae has raised new challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Although Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is the conventional medium for fungal culture, alternative media such as Czapek Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) may provide additional advantages for dermatophyte isolation and morphological identification. This study aimed to isolate and identify dermatophytes from toenails and interdigital spaces of university students using CYA medium and to evaluate its applicability in dermatophyte culture. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 university students aged 18–24 years. Specimens were collected from toenails (n = 60) and interdigital spaces (n = 40). Direct microscopy was performed using 20% KOH preparation. Samples were cultured on CYA supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, and incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for up to 21 days. Fungal isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Data were analyzed descriptively, and associations were tested using the chi-square test. Fungal elements were detected in 65% of samples by KOH examination, and dermatophyte growth was confirmed in 52% of cultures. The most frequently isolated species were T. rubrum (28%) and T. mentagrophytes (18%). Notably, T. indotineae was detected in 5% of samples. No significant difference was found between toenail and interdigital isolates (p = 0.26). Dermatophytes are prevalent among university students, with T. rubrum as the dominant species. The detection of T. indotineae highlights its emerging role in young populations. CYA proved effective for dermatophyte isolation and may serve as an alternative culture medium in academic and diagnostic laboratories.
Co-Authors Afrilla, Rananda Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo Agustanti, Khalimatus Nur Eka Akbar Nur Kholis Alimansur, Moh Alves, Silvina Sandra X. Amanda, Cornelia Aminah Alfiani Ana Retnowati Anjarwati, Aprilia Antoro, Ester Lianawati Apriana, Dita Arif Budi Setiawan Besan, Emma Jayanti Cornelia Amanda Datin An Nisa Sukmawati Datin An Nisa Sukmawati Dhony Hermanto Edda, Ilda Rambu Eka Wahyuningtiyas Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo Elly Megasari Ester Lianawati Antoro Ester Lianawati Antoro Ester Lianawati Antoro Ester Lianawati Antoro Evi Laela Sari Farabi, Meka Faizal Fendy Prasetyawan Firdania Firdaus Rosyida Fitri, Devi Nor Freitas, João Gregório Freitas, Maria Do Carmo Da Costa Hanifah Delima Nuardani Herman Herman Herman Hilmi, Mochammad Hanif Ida Septika Wulansari Ida Septika Wulansari Ida Septika Wulansari Ida Septika Wulansari Ihsan, Kharisul Imam Agus Faizal Indrayanti, Dian Iza Dwi Muslikha Juan Vega Mahardhika Juan Vega Mahardika Juwita, Syntia Tanu Kadir, Mujtahid Bin Abd Kadir, Mujtahid Bin And Kasimo, Elfred Khalimatus Nur Eka Agustanti Kharisma Rahmasari Kharisul Ihsan Kharisul Ihsan Kharisul Ihsan Khoirul Ngibad Kholis, Akbar Nur Kholis, Muhammad Akbar Nur Konradus Klala Mebung Laili, Nur Fahma La’ally Maula Lian Pandu Farendra Loviana, Novi Maria Do Carmo Da Costa Freitas Masyhuri, Aga Adi Mebung, Konradus Klala Megasari, Elly Meri, Meri Meri, Meri Mika Tri Kumala Swandari, Mika Tri Kumala Mila Putri Daniati Mochamad Hanif Hilmi Mochamad Hanif Hilmi Mohammad Firdaus Alshol Mosse1, Yosep Muhammad Nurul Fadel Muslikha, Iza Dwi Muttaqin, Saiful Neni Probosiwi Novirma Yanti Novirma Yanti Novyananda Salmasfattah Novyananda Salmasfattah Nur Fahma Laili Nur Fahma Laili Nurul Ismillayli Ornai, Andre Mario Sequeira Alves Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati Renaldi Umbu Ndamung Kale Restyana, Anggi Restyana, Anggy Retnowati, Ana Rochmad Krissanjaya Salmasfattah, Novyananda Sanjaya, Rochmad Kris Shinta Mayasari Shinta Mayasari Sueb Sugeng Santoso Syntia Tanu Juwita Syntia Tanu Juwita Syntia Tanu Juwita Syntia Tanu Juwita Syntia Tanu Juwita Syntia Tanu Juwita Tiyas, Eka Wahyuning Tridoso Sapto A Tsamrotul Ilmi Willy Sandhika Wulansari, Ida Septika Yanti, Novirma Yosep Mosse Yosep Mosse1 yunadi, frisca dewi Yuneka Saristiana