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Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Penerapan Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan pada Kegiatan Bidang Pariwisata Antonio Lelo Taci; Chafid Fandeli; Darmakusuma Darmakusuma
Majalah Geografi Indonesia Vol 25, No 2 (2011): Majalah Geografi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (544.544 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/mgi.13370

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengunkap tentang persepsi masyarakat terhadap Penerapan Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan di Sub-Distrito Cristo Rei, Distrito Dili. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap penerapan Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan di Sub-Distrito Cristo Rei, Distrito Dili dan persepsi terhadap dampak lingkungan yang akan timbul akibat oleh kegiatan bidang pariwisata. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan metode survai dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat penelitian.  Jumlah Kepala Keluarga (KK) yang tinggal di Desa (Suco) Meti Aut, Sub-Distrito Cristo Rei yaitu sebanyak 376 (KK) dari total jumlah penduduk sebayak 1.501 jiwa. Dari jumlah tersebut diambil 88 KK sebagai sampel responden dengan menggunakan teknik acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Cara penilaian dilakukan dengan memberikan skor pada tiap pertanyaan di kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square serta korelasi stastistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi (tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan dan tingkat pendapatan) memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap persepsi masyarakat tentang penerapan Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan pada pembangunan bidang pariwisata. Semakin baik tingkat pengetahuan responden, maka semakin baik pengaruhnya terhadap persepsi penerapan UKL-UPL pada pembagunan bidang pariwisata. Sementara jumlah anggota keluarga tidak memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap persepsi penerapan UKL-UPL. Semakin banyak jumlah tanggungan keluarga, persepsi terhadap penerapan Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan semakin buruk. Hal yang sama juga didapatkan untuk persepsi dampak lingkungan. Pemahaman dan kesadaran akan pentingnya lingkungan hidup sebagian masyarakat masih lemah hal ini sangat mengharapkan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan sosialisasi peraturan dan kebijakan pengelolaan lingkungan, baik di tingkat nasional maupun Distrik.  ABSTRACT This research presents about community perception of application on Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort at the Sub. District Cristo Rei, Dili District. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence to public perception of the implementation of Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort at the Sub district Cristo Rei, Dili District and the perception of environmental impacts that will arise from the activities of the tourism development. Data collection research using survey method using questionnaires as a research tool. Numbers of Head of the Family (KK) who lives in the Village (Suco) Meti Aut, Sub. District Cristo Rei, Dili District as 376 households of a total population of 1501 inhabitants. These of the 88 families were taken as sample of respondents using simple random sampling. How the assessment is done by giving a score on each question in the questionnaire, and then analyzed using Chi Square and statistical correlation. The results showed that socioeconomic factors (education level, occupation and income level) have a strong influence on community perception regarding the implementation of Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort in tourism development. The better the knowledge level of respondents, the better effect on perceptions of the implementation of EME-EME on the field of tourism development. While the number of family members do not have a strong influence on the perception of the application of Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort. More and more the number of family, perceptions of the implementation of Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort worse. The same was found for perception of environmental impact. Understanding and awareness of the importance of the environment most people are still very weak it expects the government to improve the dissemination of rules and policies for environmental management, both at national and district levels. 
CREATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT (CASE STUDY OF WONOGIRI RESERVOIR) Feby Hidayani; Yohanes Sardjono; Chafid Fandeli; Rukmini A.R
Indonesian Journal of Physics and Nuclear Applications Vol 2 No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1077.663 KB) | DOI: 10.24246/ijpna.v2i3.101-110

Abstract

Hydroelectric power plants in Indonesia are widely developed. This is because the water supply in Indonesia is quite abundant. Several large reservoirs in Indonesia, in addition to being used for water reservoirs, are used to produce electricity. Wonogiri is a region that is located in Central Java province, where most of the region is arid land that cannot be planted in the dry season. In the rainy season the abundance of water plants to die and the soil is such that in the dry season crops do not grow well. Plans for the construction of Gajah Mungkur started in 1964, and it is designed to be a multipurpose dam project that aim to control floods, supply water for irrigation and hydropower in the Solo River valley. The master development plan was formulated in 1972-1974 with the help of Overseas Technical Cooperation of Japan. The results of this study include the completion of flooding problems along the Solo River, the increase in agricultural output in Winton community with irrigation facilities and good infrastructure, availability of electricity for communities around the dam and improving the local economy as the development of inland fisheries and tourism sectors.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF NATURE BASED TOURISM IN GUNUNG MERAPI NATIONAL PARK Chafid Fandeli
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 40, No 2 (2008): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.2256

Abstract

The goal of this research is to find out some impacts of tourism activities tothe environmental mainly to the biotic and non-biotic components. The researchalso focuses in finding out importance and performance of the products offered-byGunung Merapi National Park to the tourists. This research is done in fourlocations, consisted of the undisturbed location for controlling (Plawangan) andthe disturbed locations caused by the tourists, which are Kalikuning, Tlogonirmoloand Tlogomuncar. The result shows that the impClcts of tourist activities in somelocations show that the number of .microbial in the controlling location-is thehighest (54.56 cfu/gram) compared with others location. The impact to the numberof actin0mycetes in the controlling location is 32.84 cfu/gram, which is the highest.The infiltration rate with the model Horton in the controlling location is higher(0.983 cm/min) than the infiltration rates of the others. The voice frequencydescribes crowd level that at the controlling location has the lowest voicefrequency (10.15 dB). Some kinds of tree destruction as the impact of touristactivities show that the destructions happen mostly in Tlogomuncar, followed withKalikuning and Tlogonirmo 10. The most severe destruction of all locations isvandalism, and then scratch, spike prickling, branch breaking, and waste burning.Ihe importance and .performance of the products of the tourism objects offereddescribe that the attractions and tourism facilities like waterfall, musholla, shelter,dustbin, and observer tower have a considerable perception and goodperformance. However, some other facilities/attractions such as operational office,security center, gate, health clinique and bridge are not very important and not ina good condition.
Karakteristik Terumbu Karang di Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (Coral Reef Characteristic of Tourism Zone, Karimunjawa National Park) Rohmani Sulisyati; Erny Poedjirahajoe; Lies Rahayu WF; Chafid Fandeli
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2014): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (689.452 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.19.3.139-148

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Karakteristik terumbu karang di suatu lokasi wisata perlu diketahui agar terumbu karang tetap dapat melangsungkan fungsinya dengan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik terumbu karang di zona pemanfaatan wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Dilakukan pada bulan November 2013 pada 14 lokasi. Pengamatan terumbu karang dengan metode line intercept transect untuk melihat substrat dasar berdasar lifeform. Transek dilakukan pada dua kedalaman yaitu 3 meter dan 6–8 m untuk mewakili perairan dangkal dan dalam. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan untuk melihat tutupan karang keras serta pengukuran nilai indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominasi. Hasil pengukuran kondisi fisik perairan termasuk dalam perairan produktif yang dapat menunjang kehidupan organisme di dalamnya. Kondisi terumbu karang pada daerah dangkal ditemukan 15 famili, 41 genus dan 104 species karang. Persentase tutupan karang keras termasuk kategori sedang – sangat baik. Keanekaragaman jenis yang melimpah sedang hingga tinggi dengan kondisi komunitas antara labil hingga stabil dan hampir tidak ditemukan dominasi jenis tertentu. Pada daerah dalam terdapat 15 famili, 39 genus dan 99 species. Tutupan karang keras sedang – baik, dengan keanekaragaman jenis melimpah tinggi dan stabil serta tidak ada jenis yang dominan. Genus Acropora dan Porites dapat ditemui pada seluruh lokasi. Karakteristik terumbu karang berkaitan dengan letak keberadaan pulau, terumbu karang pada pulau terlindung cenderung mempunyai komunitas yang stabil. Kata kunci: terumbu karang, tutupan karang keras, lifeform Coral  reef characteristic in the recreational area should be known to establish the function optimally. This study aims to quantify the characteristic of coral reef throughout tourism utilization zone of Karimunjawa National Park. Surveys were conducted  during November 2013 at 14 locations. Substrate cover was collected using line intercept transect methods. Transects were deployed at two depth i.e 3 meters and 6–8 meters to represent the shallow and the deep water. Qualitative analysis were done to measure the hard coral cover and diversity index, evenness index and domination. The result showed that physical condition of aquatic environment was productive water that can support living organisms. For shallow water there were 15 families, 41 generas and 104 species of hard coral. Hard  coral cover ranged from 36,5-82% and it was categorized as fair–excellent. Species abundance is moderate to high which a condition of community between unstable to stable and hardly found dominance of a specific species. While the deep water there were 15 families, 39 generas and 99 species corals. Hard coral cover ranged from 39,5-67,9% it was categorized as fair into good, with high species diversity and abundance of stable and there is no dominant species. Acropora and Porites genus can be found in all locations. Coral reef characteristic associated with the location where the island, the protected island tend to have stable community. Keywords: coral reef, hard coral cover, lifeform
KAJIAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DI TAMBAK UDANG DELTA MAHAKAM Salahuddin, Chafid Fandeli, dan Eko Sugiharto
Jurnal Teknosains Vol 2, No 1 (2012): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/teknosains.5986

Abstract

well-managed, it will contribute to the improvement of both regional and national economy. However, MahakamRiver gets liquid waste pollution that has significant impact on water quality and results in conflicts betweenthe local societies, especially the shrimp pond farmers and the fishermen and the oil and gas industrial company.This research uses descriptive-comparative analysis with ANOVA test to compare samples (water, soil/sediment,shrimp, and mangrove) of the shrimp fishpond (many mangrove, moderate mangrove, few mangrove, and withoutany mangrove). The pollution load which is analyzed includes: cadmium content (Cd), lead (Pb), oil and grease (O& G), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). The significance level is 90% with error of 5% (0.05).The water of Mahakam Delta is still in the normality limit as seen from the maximum pollution load in the Decreeof the Minister of Living Environment No. 51 of 2004 on Ocean Water Standard seen from chemical, physical,and biological parameters. The presence of mangrove contributes positive value to the balance of the quality of thewaters and to the neutralizing of heavy metals contents of Mahakam Delta as shown in the average difference inthe Pb, Cd, O & G, As and Hg of the samples of water, soils/sediment, shrimp and mangrove which are drawnfrom the of shrimp pond with many mangrove, moderate mangrove, few mangrove and without any mangrove,which is significantly different (p < 0.05). Shrimp pond with many mangrove has less average levels of Pb, Cd, M& L, As and Hg compared with the pond with less and without mangrove. The shrimp pond with many mangrovescontributes significantly and positively to the prevention of the pollution of Pb, Cd, O and G, As and Hg at low level
Aplikasi Natrium Hipokhlorit Sebagai Oksidator Limbah Cair Rumah Pemotongan Ayam Ningrum DD. Apsari; Radjali Amin; Chafid Fandeli; Rukmini Aliman; Djoko Soetrisno
Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Vol 6, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (392.122 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jsal.2019.006.02.1

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Pertumbuhan jumlah Rumah Potong Ayam (RPA) kurang diiringi dengan pengelolaan limbah cair yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek larutan natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl) dan waktu endap terhadap kadar BOD, COD, TSS, minyak dan lemak, NH3-N dan pH pada limbah cair RPA.Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi dosis larutan NaOCl 0 ml L-1, 0.003 ml L-1, 0.006 ml L-1, dan 0.009 ml L-1 dan waktu endap 0 menit, 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit. Pada setiap perlakuan dilakukan uji toksisitas menggunakan ikan nila hitam (Oreochromis niloticus Bleeker) dengan waktu pajan 24 jam, 48 jam, 72 jam dan 96 jam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali.Hasil terbaik dicapai oleh dosis larutan NaOCl 0.009 ml L-1 dan waktu endap 90 menit dengan nilai BOD 106.56 mg L-1, COD 226.61 mg L-1, TSS 229 mg L-1, minyak lemak 62 mg L-1, NH3-N 0.69 mg L-1, pH 6.1, dan 53% mati ikan nila hitam. HOCl yang terbentuk dari reaksi NaOCl dan air mengoksidasi bahan organik dalam limbah sehingga menurunkan kadar pencemarnya. Uji toksisitas ikan nila hitam menunjukkan bahwa limbah RPA bersifat toksik dan larutan NaOCl terbukti mampu menurunkan toksisitas limbah RPA. Walaupun demikian, penelitian ini belum berhasil membawa parameter uji memenuhi standar baku mutu limbah cair yang ditentukan oleh Pemerintah.
STUDI IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR SISTEM MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN (ISO 14001:2004) DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA ALAM DI TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU (Studi Kasus Pelaksanaan Sertifikasi dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Alam) Dian Iswandaru; Ambar Kusumandari; Chafid Fandeli
JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL Vol 1 No 2 (2016): JHPPK
Publisher : Program Studi Manajemen Hutan, Pascasarjana Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (525.561 KB)

Abstract

High nature potency, strategic location, and accessible have made TNBTS as one of most visited national parks, thus the potency cause negative impact to the ecosystem. To anticipate, the Management of TNBTS has applied environment management system/EMS based on ISO 14001 : 2004. The study aimed to investigate the EMS applied by the management of TNBTS, implementation process of ISO 14001 : 2004, evaluate the phase and percent of EMS application on natural tourism management. Method used was descriptive explorative with frequent descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The result showed that the most inuencing factor in the EMS application in TNBTS was visitor aspect and facilities establishment. Implementation process of ISO 14001 : 2004 in TNBTS was started with EMS training by an external consultant, agreeing the certification scope, conducting early review, and identifying environmental impact aspect also the regulation. Then set the environmental policy, management, conduct inspection and review of the management. To support successfulness of the implementation of ISO 14001 : 2004, requires management and personal commitment. Compliance degree of the EMS implementation based on ISO 14001 : 2004 was 3.86 and 79.95% with the category of close to consistent. Result of SWOT analysis showed that the strategic position of TNBTS in applying EMS to manage their natural tourism was in quadrant/ cell 1 (1.18; 0.65). Therefore, the strategy that can be developed is growth strategy, with the strategy form increasing service to visitors, increasing management work in maintaining the EMS quality.
KARAKTERISTIK MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR DAERAH TUJUAN WISATA (Studi Kasus : Taman Wisata Mekarsari, Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Cileungsi, Kabupaten Bogor) Chondro Suryono; Sudarmadji Sudarmadji; Edhi Martono; Chafid Fandeli
Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah Vol 9, No 3 (2015): Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the characteristics of the community around tourist sites. This research uses descriptive study where data obtained from direct interviews with sources of data and direct observation in the study site. Methods of data collection is the way researchers get the data required in the conduct of research on sources of research data. It was concluded that the characteristics of the surrounding communities with the development of attractions like Mekarsari showed the positive impact, more choice of livelihood for the inhabitants of surrounding areas such as whether they wish to be employees, as entrepreneurship, or as traders. However, these positive effects are not accompanied by increased levels of public education around the village Mekarsari. This is due to the understanding of higher education has not been considered important, and also the villagers consider that the modest education (elementary, senior high school, high school) has been able to earn money, whether as laborers, trade or wiraswasta (open stalls).Keywords: Characteristics, Public, Mekarsari parc
Pengaruh Kepuasan Wisatawan Terhadap Willingness to Pay Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen Esa Riandy Cardias; Chafid Fandeli
Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpt.66157

Abstract

Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen (92 ha) merupakan bagian dari kawasan Cagar Alam Kawah Ijen (2.468 ha) tempat berbagai biota langka dilindungi. UNESCO menetapkan Kawah Ijen sebagai salah satu Cagar Biosfer  dari 120 negara di dunia (2016). Segala keunikan yang dimiliki TWAKI menyebabkan kunjungan wisatawan ke  destinasi ini cenderung meningkat signifikan, dan pada akhirnya daya dukung lingkungan terlampaui empat tahun terakhir. Oleh karenanya dibutuhkan pengelolaan destinasi yang tepat, namun dibutuhkan dana yang tidak sedikit. Willingness to pay (WTP) wisatawan diharapkan sebagai sumber pendanaan lain diluar pemerintah, dan patokan dalam mengukur WTP adalah memberikan kepuasan maksimal kepada wisatawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kepuasan wisatawan dan pengaruhnya terhadap WTP, serta tingkatan WTP. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan metode kuantitatif  dengan alat Partial Least Square Path Modelling (PLS-PM). Metode tersebut dipilih untuk mengetahui ukuran korelasional dan kausal antar variabel serta menguji signifikansi dari hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aspek atraksi, amenitas, aksesibilitas eksternal, aksesibilitas internal, sumber daya manusia, dan citra destinasi merefleksikan  kepuasan wisatawan; kepuasan wisatawan berdasarkan aspek atraksi wisata, sumber daya manusia, dan citra destinasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap WTP. Sementara kepuasan wisatawan berdasarkan aspek amenitas; aksesibilitas eksternal; dan aksesibilitas internal tidak berpengaruh terhadap WTP. Nilai rataan WTP wisatawan mancanegara US$ 28 dan Rp.25.000  wisatawan nusantara, sehingga masing-masing nilai ekonomi ekowisata dan perkiraan pendapatan dari penjualan tiket berdasarkan nilai WTP adalah US$ 864.528 atau sekitar 12 milyar dan Rp.3.776.800.000.
TRADISI MASYARAKAT SELO DAN PARIWISATA DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERBABU, BOYOLALI JAWA TENGAH Indah Riadi Putri; Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida; Chafid Fandeli; Ris Hadi Purwanto
SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities Vol 1, No 2 (2017): MEI
Publisher : Unit Penelitian dan Publikasi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/sasdayajournal.27782

Abstract

Culture can form civilization or tradition in meeting the needs and well being of the people involved in the environment. One of form the human culture is a work of art. Artwork reveals the attitudes, processes, Symbolics meaning in the form of movement, carvings, paintings, material realized from social and cultural knowledge. Cultural attractions have a high appeal because it has a special value in the form of art performances, traditional ceremonies, the noble values that are contained in an object of man's work in the past. People have a variety of cultural art that consists of various traditions ceremonies, art performances, habits of indigenous people in life. It can be a potential cultural attraction for tourists who visit the National Park area of Mount Merbabu in District Selo, Boyolali regency. The purpose of this research is to know the traditions of performance, art, and culture the people of Selo, Merbabu Mountain National Park, Boyolali Central Java. Culture can shape civilization or tradition in the needs and welfare of life for the people involved in its environment. One form of human culture is the work of art, which reveals attitudes, processes, symbols of meaning in the form of movements, carvings, paintings, material embodied from social and cultural knowledge. Social and cultural knowledge embodies special things such as artistic attractions, traditional rituals passed down until to the present day. The meaning of this honor is an expression of gratitude to the spirit of the ancestors who have helped keep the balance of the region and the agriculture of the Selo community to be safe, safe and abundant. This research uses qualitative and quantitative analysis method by measuring distribution/frequency of performance and implementation of tradition/culture of Selo society. The Selo community has various artistic and traditional cultures, including art performances, ancestral honors (sadranan on the 1st night of Suro), clean villages, and thanksgiving for the harvest. The results of the study found that: 1) the tradition of traditional ceremonies in the form of homage to ancestral spirits (ancestors) of 7.1 percent, 2) performances sendratari of 54.52 percent, 3) the use of public buildings with local architecture of Java that serves as a gallery art as much as 59.03 percent, and 4) Community activities work together 75.48 percent. The data also indicates that the traditions and culture of the Selo community, not only as a potential support for tourism but become an integral part of the development of nature tourism in the area of Gunung Merbabu National Park Boyolali, Central Java.
Co-Authors Aliman, Rukmini Ambar Kusumandari Anggita Swestiana Ani Wijayanti Ani Wijayanti - AKPAR BSI Yogyakarta Antonio Lelo Taci Arief Budiman Bardi Murachman Bardi Murachman Chondro Suryono Darmakusuma Darmakusuma Darmiyanti Darmiyanti Darmiyanti Darmiyanti, Darmiyanti Dian Iswandaru Djoko Soetrisno Dyah Widiyastuti Edhi Martono Edhi Martono Erny Poedjirahajoe Erny Poedjirahajoe Esa Riandy Cardias Fataha, Malik Feby Hidayani Fitri Abdillah A Guritno Soeleman HA Sudibyakto HA Sudibyakto Hendrie Adji Kusworo Himawan Brahmantyo - STP Trisakti Jakarta, Himawan Hulu, Meitolo Janianton Damanik José Cardoso Kaharuddin Kaharuddin Kiki Syaputri Handayani Lies Rahayu WF Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida M Baiquni M Baiquni M Baiquni M. Baiquni Made Gunamantba Made Gunamantba, Made Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti Muchammad Chusnan Aprianto Muhammad Altab Muhammad Baiquni Muhammad Baiquni Muhammad Baiquni Nanny Roedjinandari Nanny Roedjinandari Nasirudin Niken Wirasanti Ningrum DD. Apsari Nopirin - Universitas Merdeka Malang Nopirin - Universitas Merdeka Malang Prabang Setyono Prihandoko, Diananto Putri, Indah Riadi Radjali Amin Ray March Syahadat Ris Hadi Purwanto Rohmani Sulisyati Rohmani Sulisyati Rukmini A.R Saepulloh Saepulloh Sarto Sarto Sarto Satyawan Pudyatmoko Shalibuddin Djalal Tandjung Shalibuddin Djalal Tandjung, Shalibuddin Djalal Siti Halimah Tusaddiah Sri Sapti Hamdaningsih Sudarmadj Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Sudarmadj Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Sudarmadji - UGM Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudibyakto Sudibyakto Sunarto Sunarto Sutikno Sutikno Tri Satyatama Tri Widodo - UGM Yogyakarta Widiyastuti, Dyah Wisjnu Martani Yogi Prambudi Yohanes Sardjono Yoto Widodo Zaenuri Mastur Zaenuri Zaenuri