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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Maspari Journal ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA METANA Journal of Oceanography Journal of Marine Research International Journal of Marine and Aquatic Resource Conservation and Co-existence Maspari Journal Jurnal Kelautan : Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Omni-Akuatika Journal of Tropical Marine Science Indonesian Journal of Oceanography
Lilik Maslukah
Departemen Oseanografi Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Library & Information Science Other

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Distribusi Logam Berat (Pb dan Cd) Sedimen di Perairan Pantai Loji Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah Dierrisska, Pudja Handjanny Nastitie; Maslukah, Lilik; Rochaddi, Baskoro; Zainuri, Muhammad
Journal of Marine Research Vol 13, No 3 (2024): Journal of Marine Research
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v13i3.45041

Abstract

Sungai Loji merupakan salah satu sungai di Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aktivitas manusia seperti industri, perikanan, dan pemukiman. Berbagai aktivitas tersebut dapat menghasilkan limbah, salah satunya adalah logam berat, Adanya aliran air dari daratan menyebabkan sebagian logam berat dapat masuk ke laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan  menentukan dan memetakan pola distribusi kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) di sedimen dasar dan keterkaitannya terhadap prosentase ukuran butir dan bahan organik sedimen. Pengambilan sampel pada 24 Agustus 2021. Analissis logam berat Pb dan Cd sedimen menggunakan metode SNI 4819:2013, bahan organik menggunakan loss of igniation (LOI), ukuran butir melalui pengayakan dan pemipetan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi Pb antara 3,708 - 6,149 mg/kg dan Cd dibawah deteksi limit (≤0,003 mg/kg). Pola distribusi logam Pb tidak dipengaruhi oleh ukuran butir, namun dipengaruhi oleh prosentase bahan organik sebesar 43%. Konsentrasi bahan organik berada pada kisaran 28,5% - 53,29%. Konsentrasi logam berat sedimen masih berada di bawah baku mutu ANZECC dan perairan pantai Loji, Pekalongan ini masih dalam kondisi alami atau belum tercemar. One of the rivers in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java, Loji River is affected by various human activities such as industry, fisheries, and settlements. These activities can produce waste, one of which is heavy metals. The existence of runoff from land causes some heavy metals to reach the marine environment. This study aims to determine and mapping the distribution patterns of the heavy metal content of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in bottom sediments and their relationship to the percentage of grain size and organic matter of sediments. Sampling was on 24 August 2021. Analysis of sediment Pb and Cd using the SNI 4819: 2013 method, organic matter using loss of igniation (LOI), grain size through sieving and pipetting. The results showed Pb concentrations between 3.708 - 6.149 mg/kg and Cd concentration below the detection limit (≤0.003 mg/kg). The distribution pattern of Pb metal was not influenced by grain size, but was influenced by the percentage of organic matter by 43%. The concentration of organic matter is in the range of 28.5% - 53.29%. The concentration of Pb and Cd in the sediment is still below the ANZECC quality standard, so the coastal waters of Loji, Pekalongan are still in an unpolluted condition.
Estimation of Suspended Particulate Matter Using Landsat 9 Imagery: Generating Algorithms and Spatio-Temporal Distributions Maslukah, Lilik; Sadewo, M. Firouz Dimas; Rochaddi, Baskoro; Widada, Sugeng; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Wisha, Ulung Jantama
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 1 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.1.15-28

Abstract

The fluctuation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) is essential to the biogeochemical cycle and ecological health of coastal waters. Anthropogenic activities potentially trigger an increase in SPM, so it needs to be monitored continuously. Spatial and temporal monitoring of SPM can be carried out cost-effectively with broad coverage using a remote sensing application. This study aims to build the SPM algorithm and estimate its temporal variability. The algorithm model in this study is based on an empirical formula between field data and reflectance data with the same acquisition. Water samples were taken from 100 stations in July 2022. Half were used for model building and the other for model validation. Suspended Particulate Matter was determined gravimetrically and estimated their temporal variability was based on Landsat 9 image records from December 2021 - November 2022. The results of the analysis show that the best algorithm for SPM estimation can be built based on coastal aerosol canals (B1), blue canals (B2), and green canals (B3) with the accuracy test result of (R2 = 0.68; RMSE = 5.551 mg.L-1; MAPE= 7.07%; Bias= 0.28). The SPM temporal fluctuations were generally higher in the west monsoon and lowered in the east monsoon, ranging from 30 to 70 mg.L-1. On the other hand, the spatial distribution shows a higher magnitude in the estuary than in the offshore waters, with a deviation of about 30 mg.L-1. Regional authorities can use the results obtained to improve the management of coastal water quality and monitoring systems.
Sebaran Ukuran Butir di Perairan Kemujan, Karimunjawa Hidayat, Ryan Akhmal; Maslukah, Lilik; Zainuri, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Oceanography Vol 4, No 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Oceanography
Publisher : University of Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijoce.v4i2.14123

Abstract

Pulau Kemujan memiliki kelimpahan sumberdaya ekosistem seperti ekosistem karang, mangrove dan lamun. Perairan bagian barat memiliki bentuk yang unik, karena ada sebagian perairannya berada pada lokasi yang tertutup oleh daratan dan tumbuh subur pohon mangrove. Keberadaan ekosistem mangrove dan bentuk perairan yang semi tertutup akan berpengaruh terhadap distribusi ukuran butirnya. Kajian sebaran sedimen pada Pulau Kemujan ditujukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai kondisi  sedimen  dan keterkaitannya  dengan  proses  hidrooseanografi  yang  terjadi.  Daerah penelitian mencakup perairan tertutup dan perairan terbuka sebanyak 30 stasiun. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Vanveen grab. Analisis ukuran butir sedimen menggunakan metode dry sieing (pengayakan) dan wet sieving (pemipetan).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran sedimen lebih didominansi oleh pasir dan jenis sedimen halus ditemukan di perairan yang lebih dalam ≥7 meter serta lokasi stasiun jauh dari sumbernya (daratan). Pola distribusi sedimen kasar berkaitan dengan kondisi arus yang lebih lemah dan ditemukan pada perairan lebih dangkal. Kata kunci: Ukuran Butir, Sedimen, Arus, Karimunjawa Abstract Kemujan Island has ecosystem resources such as coral, mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. The western waters have a unique shape, because some of the waters are in a location that is covered by land and mangrove trees thrive. the existence of mangrove ecosystems and the shape of the waters that are semi-enclosed will affect the grain size distribution. The study of the distribution of sediments on Kemujan Island is aimed at obtaining an overview of the sediment conditions and their relationship to the hydrooceanographic process. The research area of closed waters and open waters is 30 stations. Sediment samples were taken using a vanveen grab. Sediment grain size analysis used dry sieving and wet sieving (pipepeting) methods. The results obtained show that the distribution of sediment patterns is more dominated by sand and the type of fine sediment is found in deeper waters ≥ 7 meters and the location of the station is far from the source (land). The distribution pattern of coarse sediment is associated with weaker currents and shallower waters. Keywords: Grain Size, Sediments, Current, Karimunjawa
Pengaruh Siklon Tropis Dahlia Terhadap Karakteristik Gelombang Laut di Pesisir Selatan Banten Menggunakan Pemodelan SWAN Widyani, Afidhah Puspita; Amalya, Afroh; Adiprabowo, Samuel Radityo; Suwignyo, Tyo; Ismanto, Aris; Maslukah, Lilik
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 13, No 3 (2024): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v13i3.58022

Abstract

Secara umum Indonesia tidak termasuk wilayah yang dilintasi oleh siklon tropis dikarenakan sifat fisik siklon  tropis yang selalu menjauh dari ekuator. Namun sejumlah siklon tropis yang terjadi di sekitar wilayah Indonesia memberikan dampak secara tidak langsung di wilayah Indonesia. Samudera Hindia merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan siklon tropis paling subur. Salah satu siklon yang pernah terjadi di wilayah tersebut yaitu Siklon Tropis Dahlia. Dampak dari Siklon Tropis Dahlia pada wilayah Indonesia khususnya bagian pesisir selatan Banten yaitu timbulnya angin yang kencang disertai gelombang laut yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Siklon Tropis Dahlia terhadap karakteristik gelombang laut di pesisir selatan Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemodelan SWAN (Simulating Wave Near-Shore). Hasil dari pemodelan menunjukkan nilai kecepatan angin tertinggi mencapai 16 m/s dan ketinggian gelombang signifikan mencapai 3.5 m dengan arah propagasi dari barat Sumatera menuju tenggara hingga selatan Jawa. Secara umum, luaran model SWAN dapat menggambarkan tren variabilitas gelombang laut akibat dari adanya pengaruh Siklon Tropis Dahlia. Generally, Indonesia is not directly impacted by tropical cyclones due to the physical nature of these cyclones, which tend to move away from the equator. However, several tropical cyclones that occur near Indonesia have indirect effects on the region. The Indian Ocean is one of the most active areas for tropical cyclone development. One such cyclone that affected this area was Tropical Cyclone Dahlia. The impact of Tropical Cyclone Dahlia on Indonesia, particularly along the southern coast of Banten, includes strong winds and high sea waves. This study aims to understand the influence of Tropical Cyclone Dahlia on the characteristics of sea waves along the southern coast of Banten using SWAN (Simulating Wave Near-Shore) modeling. The results show that wind speeds reached up to 16 m/s, and significant wave heights reached 3.5 meters, with wave propagation from the west of Sumatra towards the southeast and south of Java. Overall, the SWAN model outputs effectively capture the trend of sea wave variability due to the influence of Tropical Cyclone Dahlia.
A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia Sabila, Anis Yasmin; Maslukah, Lilik; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Indrayanti, Elis; Prasetyawan, Indra Budi; Widada, Sugeng
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.495-502

Abstract

Total suspended solids (TSS) is an important parameter of water quality, so regular monitoring is necessary to prevent further marine pollution due to TSS. Remote sensing is one of the most effective and efficient methods to monitor TSS with cost-effective operations. The Sentinel-2 satellite is freely available to users with high spectral and spatial resolution (10m, 20m, 60m). Dynamic changes in coastal waters and their characteristics cause TSS retrieval algorithms built from available imagery having less optimal results in other water regions. This research aims to develop an empirical TSS algorithm model that specifically applies to the coastal waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara. The algorithm was developed using an empirical method through correlation between spectral values of Sentinel-2 imagery and in situ TSS values. Water sampling was conducted at 110 stations with a depth of 0.5 m on 22 July 2023 simultaneously collocated with Sentinel-2 image recording. Half of the data was used for algorithm tuning and the other half used for validation. The best regression analysis is found in the red band (B4) and the model is linear. The relatively good performance is shown by the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.45, RMSE (3.40 mg.L-1), and MAPE (10.76%). The resulting algorithmic model was TSS (mg.L-1) =817.213*(B4)-0.959. This study shows that Sentinel-2 MSI images for TSS retrieval in the coastal waters of Teluk Awur could be applicable and the red band (B4) can be used for mapping TSS concentrations in the surrounding study area.
Total Suspended Solids in Teluk Awur, Jepara using Red Reflectance from Landsat-8 Andhita, Laviola Reycha Fitri; Maslukah, Lilik; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Indrayanti, Elis; Prasetyawan, Indra Budi
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 27, No 3 (2024): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v27i3.23717

Abstract

The coastal waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara are affected by human activities such as aquaculture, tourism, agriculture, and settlements. The number of human activities on land will contribute to high suspended solids (TSS) entering coastal waters by run-off. The high TSS in coastal areas will affect the entry of light intensity, disrupting the photosynthesis process and ecosystem. This study compares TSS values based on Landsat images using several TSS algorithms such as Wirasatriya, Budhiman, Ajiperwata, and Parwati algorithms and the algorithm resulting from the July 2023 field data calibration against red reflectance. The algorithm's performance from calibration has a smaller error value with RMSE = 8.51, MAPE = 25.77%, and Bias = 7.52. TSS estimation from Landsat 8 satellite imagery has a range of values of 30.56 - 62.55 mg/L (average 35.60 mg/L), while field measurements of TSS values are 22.40 - 64.52 mg/L (average 32.69 mg/L). This research will be valuable information for using the right Landsat-8 algorithm for temporal and sustainable TSS monitoring. It can be used in abrasion monitoring and management in the Teluk Awur coastal waters of Jepara.
Hubungan Logam Berat Pb terhadap Fraksi Sedimen dan Bahan Organik di Muara Sungai Tiram, Marunda, Jakarta Utara Fitroh, Indah Syahiddah; Subardjo, Petrus; Maslukah, Lilik
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (417.266 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v8i1.25209

Abstract

Kegiatan industri di Perairan Muara Sungai Tiram, Marunda, Jakarta Utara, akan berdampak terhadap konsentrasi logam berat di Perairan. Sedimen merupakan tempat akumulasinya logam tersebut dan pada suatu saat akan dapat menjadi sumber bagi kolom perairan diatasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat pada sedimen dasar dan mengetahui korelasinya terhadap ukuran butir serta dan bahan organik. Analisa logam berat diawali dengan proses destruksi menggunakan aquaregia dan supernatannya di baca nilai absorbasninya menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Untuk melihat hubungan parameter logam berat terhadap ukuran butir dan bahan organik, menngunakan analisis korelasi Pearson. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut diperoleh nilai konsentrasi logam berat dengan kisaran 20,19–55,68 ppm. Konsentrasi logam berat memiliki korelasi positif terhadap fraksi silt dan clay.  Distribusi logam berat di lokasi penelitian berasosiasi kuat terhadap fraksi ukuran butir halus dan bahan organik, melalui proses adsorpsi. The waters of the Muara Sungai Tiram, Marunda, North Jakarta, are areas that are surrounded by very dense industrial activities. The existence of these activities has an impact on the concentration of heavy metals in basic sediments in these waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in basic sediments and determine the correlation between the concentration of heavy metals with grain size on the base sediment in the liquid and the correlation between the concentration of heavy metals with organic matter. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations was carried out using the acid destruction method, then the concentration was read using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and processed into a heavy metal concentration map using Arcgis 10.3. Based on these studies the value of heavy metal concentrations obtained in the range of 20.19 - 55.681 ppm. Heavy metal concentrations have a positive correlation with the mud and organic matter fractions with r values of 0.68 and 0.10, respectively. The distribution of heavy metals in this study is strongly associated with the fine grain size fraction and organic matter, through the adsorption process
Distribusi Material Padatan Tersuspensi di Perairan Pantai Roban, Batang-Indonesia Muthia, Naura Shobihatul; Maslukah, Lilik; Kunarso, Kunarso
Indonesian Journal of Oceanography Vol 7, No 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Oceanography
Publisher : University of Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijoce.v7i1.25637

Abstract

Perairan Pantai Roban secara administratif terletak di Desa Roban Sengon, Kecamatan Subah, Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah. Wilayah perairan pantai Roban banyak dipengaruhi oleh fenomena alam seperti abrasi dan sedimentasi maupun aktivitas masyarakat di daerah hulu seperti penggunaan lahan untuk pemukiman dan pertanian yang menjadi sumber masukan limbah seperti padatan tersuspensi, melalui aliran sungai Kaliboyo. Material Padatan Tersuspensi (MPT) merupakan partikel-partikel yang melayang dalam kolom air terdiri dari komponen biotik dan abiotik. Keberadaannya di perairan dapat mempengaruhi intensitas cahaya yang masuk ke kolom perairan dan menggantu proses fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan mengkaji pola distribusi MPT di Perairan Pantai Roban. Metode penelitian berupa metode kuantitatif dan analisa deskriptif yang dilakukan pada 12 stasiun. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada 28 Agustus 2024. Sampel dianalisa menggunakan metode gravimetri sesuai SNI 6989.3: Data MPT hasil dari analisis laboratorium di gambarkan dalam bentuk pola sebaran menggunakan software ArcGIS. Data arus yang digunakan dalam mendukung pola sebaran diperoleh melalui pemodelan menggunakan pemodelan hidrodinamika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata MPT di perairan pantai Roban sebesar 33,2 mg/L. Konsentrasi MPT tertinggi berada di stasiun 2 sebesar 70,4 mg/L dan terendah berada pada stasiun 12 sebesar 6,3 mg/L. Pola distribusi MPT di perairan pantai Roban mengalami penurunan ke arah laut. Beberapa stasiun menunjukkan nilai diatas ambang batas untuk budidaya yaitu (>20 mg/L).
Pola Sebaran Klorofil-A Berdasarkan Citra Landsat-9 Dengan Perbedaan Algoritma Di Perairan Jepara Prastiwi, Fatiha Hening; Maslukah, Lilik; Indrayanti, Elis
Indonesian Journal of Oceanography Vol 7, No 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Oceanography
Publisher : University of Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijoce.v7i1.25629

Abstract

Perairan Jepara memiliki produktivitas tinggi  potensi perikanannya. Potensi perikanan perairan dapat di tinjau melalui pemantauan produktivitas primernya, yang dapat diidentifikasi melalui parameter klorofil-a yang merupakan pigmen fotosintesis dalam fitoplankton. Untuk mengidentifikasi klorofil-a dapat menggunakan metode penginderaam jauh, seperti citra Sentinel atau Landsat yang memiliki resolusi tinggi sehingga dapat diaplikasikan di perairan pantai. Penelitian ini mengkaji pola sebaran klorofil-a citra Landsat-9 menggunakan empat algoritma berbeda di Perairan Jepara bagian barat. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data insitu klorofil-a yang diambil pada Juli 2023 dan perekaman citra Landsat-9 pada waktu yang sama . Analisis konsentrasi klorofil-a menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dan empat algoritma yang digunakan yaitu Algoritma Wibowo, Jaelani, Arif & Laksmi, dan Pentury. Berdasarkan pengolahan data, konsentrasi klorofil-a insitu memiliki rentang nilai 0,736-21,130 µg/L. Nilai prediksi klorofil-a hasil Algoritma Wibowo, Jaelani, Arif & Laksmi, dan Pentury masing-masing 24,6065-115,5899 µg/L; 0,0597-0,0144 µg/L; 1,0133-0,4602 µg/L; 2.6512-2,5199 µg/L. Hasil Akurasi menunjukkan kinerja Algoritma Pentury lebih baik dari algoritma lain dengan nilai RMSE, MAPE, Bias sebesar 4236 µg/L; 49%; dan -2,74. Namun demikian untuk pola sebaran Algoritma Wibowo memperlihatkan kemiripan dengan sebaran dari data insitu yaitu dengan konsentrasi tertinggi di bagian Selatan Perairan Teluk Awur. Sedangkan algoritma lain memiliki pola sebaran yang jauh berbeda daripada data insitu. Untuk mendapatkan nilai klorofil-a mirip lapangan, tentunya perlu di kembangkan algorithma khusus untuk penggunaan Landsat-9.
Variabilitas Tahunan Produksi Garam di Wilayah Timur Laut Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Mustofa, Arif; Zainuri, Muhammad; Kunarso, Kunarso; Maslukah, Lilik
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 14, No 2 (2025): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v14i2.70661

Abstract

Curah hujan merupakan faktor utama produksi garam rakyat di timur laut Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Teknologi penguapan total dalam produksi garam dengan mengandalkan radiasi matahari. Kondisi ini menyebabkan produksi garam bergantung pada sinar matahari dan intensitas curah hujan. Analisis dilakukan untuk membahas dampak variabilitas curah hujan terhadap fluktuasi produktivitas garam. Penelitian dilakukan pada kabupaten yaitu Rembang, Pati, Jepara dan Demak pada tahun 2018-2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif melalui perbandingan data produksi garam dengan data intensitas curah hujan. Data berupa jumlah produksi dan luas lahan garam diperoleh dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan masing-masing kabupaten, sedangkan data curah hujan diperoleh dari BMKG Stasiun Klimatologi Jawa Tengah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2018 dan 2019 curah hujan rata-rata sebesar 0,03 mm pada bulan Juli - Oktober menyebabkan produktivitas garam di atas 100 ton/Ha. Tahun 2020-2022 hujan terjadi sepanjang tahun menyebabkan penurunan produksi garam. Seluruh kabupaten penghasil garam di timur laut Jawa Tengah yaitu Rembang, Pati, Jepara dan Demak mengalami penurunan produksi garam rata-rata sebesar 26,76% pada tahun 2020-2022 dan terjadi peningkatan curah hujan rata-rata sebesar 15,58%. Sedangkan pada tahun 2023 terjadi peningkatan produksi garam sebesar 279,94% dari tahun sebelumnya dengan curah hujan yang menurun 27,28%.   Rainfall is a major factor in artisanal salt production in northeast Central Java, Indonesia. Total evaporation technology in salt production relies on solar radiation. This makes salt production dependent on sunlight and rainfall intensity. Analyses were conducted to discuss the impact of rainfall variability on fluctuations in salt productivity. The research was conducted in four districts namely Rembang, Pati, Jepara and Demak in 2018-2023. The method used is descriptive through comparison of salt production data with rainfall intensity data. Data in the form of total production and salt land area were obtained from the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of each district, while rainfall data were obtained from the BMKG Central Java Climatology Station. The results of the analysis show that in 2018 and 2019 the average rainfall of 0.03 mm in July - October caused salt productivity above 100 tonnes / ha. In 2020-2022, rainfall occurred throughout the year causing a decrease in salt production. All salt-producing districts in northeast Central Java, namely Rembang, Pati, Jepara and Demak, experienced a decrease in salt production by an average of 26.76% in 2020-2022 and an increase in average rainfall by 15.58%. Whereas in 2023 there was an increase in salt production by 279.94% from the previous year with rainfall decreasing by 27.28%.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Adiprabowo, Samuel Radityo Aditya Gandhi Pratama Aditya Gandhi Pratama Adzkia Pincta Milenia Afidyah Vicky Antari Afriza Aziz Agus Trianto Ahmad Romdhoni Fauzan Karil Akbar, Luis Figo Sagita Desario Alfi Satriadi Ali Ridlo Alif Maulida Amna Amaliana Yuniarti Amalya, Afroh Ameylia Ayu Puspitasari Andhita, Laviola Reycha Fitri Andita Agung Anggraeni, Nimas Ratri Kirana Anindito Leksono Anindya Wirasatriya Anisa Dewi Nugraheni Anisa Oktaviani Anna Ida Sunaryo Purwiyanto Annisa Afifah Nugroho Arif Mustofa Aris Ismanto Arya Muhammad Aryani Yasrida Asri Wahyuningsih Attaqwa, Rizal Aulia Akbar Aulia Septine Herlintang Azis Rifai Aziz Rifai Azizah T.N., Ria Baskoro Rochaddi Baskoro, Ferdian Agung Bella Shabrina Christina Megawati Dany Hertanti Putri Denny Nugroho Sugianto Desyandri Desyandri Devi Yuni Sari Sihombing Didi Adisaputro Dierrisska, Pudja Handjanny Nastitie Dina Apriany Tarigan Diyah Putri Ambarwati Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Dwi Nur Hanifah Elis Indrayanti Endang Supriyantini Ervia Yudiati Fajar Hudoyo Faradian Nurul Hapsari Fauziyah Febrina Yolanda Fernandito Suryo Hutomo Firman Ramadhan Fitri Agustriani Fitroh, Indah Syahiddah Fransiska Krisna Wahyu Nanda Pratiwi Ganis T.K, Ganis Gentur Handoyo Gunady, Stephanie Michelle Hadi Endrawati Hariyadi Hariyadi Hasana Kushadi Ratnasari Hastuti Hastuti Herlintang, Aulia Septine Heru Nur Krisna Heryoso Setiyono Hidayat, Ryan Akhmal I Made Rifaldy Puja Utama I Wayan Eka Dharmawan Ika Putri Hindaryani Indra Budi Prasetyawan Indra Budi Prasetyawan Irene Ulsadriatny Irsyad Abdi Pratama Ita Riniatsih Jarot Marwoto Jihadi, Muhammad Shulhan Kevifa Satria Widjaya Kharis Setiawan Krisna, Heru Nur Kunarso Kunarso Kurnia Kurnia M Husni Maulana Mangkoewijoto, Dipa Yudhayana Maulana Al Faridzie Mohamad Alimudin Habibi Muh Yusuf Muh Yusuf Muh Yusuf Muh. Yusuf Muhammad Helmi Muhammad Helmi Muhammad Helmi Muhammad Yusuf Muhammad Zainuri Muhammad Zainuri Mumtaz, Fathiyah Muslim Muslim Muslim Muslim Muthia, Naura Shobihatul Nabilah Rizki Nata, Muhammad Azizi Dirgantara Buana Natalia Jelita Tarigan Noor Syafaat Damardjati Novi Susetyo Adi Nugroho Agus D Nur Cahyo, Dede Muhamad Nur, Syukria Illyana Nurindahsari Niken Larasati Nurul Hickmah Octavianna, Pramesthi Dwi Petrus Subardjo Prastiwi, Fatiha Hening Pratama Andika Rondi Purwanto Purwanto Putri, Khoirunnisa Azzahra Raharjo, Mada Resy Sekar Sari Retno Hartati Ridarto, Arij Kemala Yasmin Rikha Widiaratih Rizky Aditya Rizqi Ayu Farihah, Rizqi Ayu Rudhi Pribadi Sabila, Anis Yasmin Sadewo, M. Firouz Dimas Safira Dwijayanti Hastari, Safira Dwijayanti Sarjito - Sarjito . Shafira, Alief Wahyu Siddhi Saputro Simangunsong, Felix Gok Asi Simatupang, Ariel Oscar Paskario Siti Hamidah Siti Jubaedah Sri Redjeki Sri Sedjati Sri Yuliana Wulandari Sri Yulina Sri Yulina Wulandari Sri Yulina Wulandari Stephanus Budiono Sugeng Widada Suwignyo, Tyo Talitha Rahma Damayanti Tarigan, Natalia Jelita Teuku Fauzan Zul Aufar Thesyandra Mira Anissabela Rigitta Tri Mita Restu Utami Trianne, Sarah Triyanti Nurhidayah Ulung Jantama Wisha Ulung Jantama Wisha Ulung Jantama Wisha Utama, I Made Rifaldy Puja Valentine Kumbara Paramitha, Valentine Kumbara Warsito Atmodjo Widiaratih, Rikha Widodo Setiyo Pranowo Widyani, Afidhah Puspita Wike Ayu Eka Putri Yaya Ihya Ulumuddin Yulianto Suteja Yundari, Yundari Yustina Wulan Millenia Zaenab Listiarani Putri