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Comparison of Flood Hydrograph of Manikin Dam Watershed Using Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method, HEC-HMS and Rain on Grid Model with HEC-RAS 2D Pukan, Mariano Ado Galot; Lasminto, Umboro
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol 40, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v40i1.22124

Manikin watershed is located in Kuaklalo Village which borders Bokong Village, Taebenu Subdistrict, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province which has an area of 49.31 km2 with a river length of 8.62 km which has a semi-arid climate with a fairly high annual rainfall of around 1000 - 1500 mm. This study aims to compare the design flood discharge and peak hour with Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) method, GAMA I, HEC-HMS and rainfall discharge model with HEC_RAS 2D in Manikin Dam watershed. In this study, 6-hour rainfall with a return period of 50 years and 100 years was used. Based on the analysis results, the calculation of the hydrological numerical model flood discharge with the HEC-HMS method with a return period of 50 years and 100 years is 511.90 m³/s and 599.30 m³/s with a peak time at the 4th hour. The peak discharge values obtained using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph and GAMA I methods with a return period of 50 years and 100 years are 342.11 m³/s, 381.14 m³/s and 406.44 m³/s, 456.13 m³/s, and the peak time obtained at SUH Nakayasu is 3 hours and GAMA I is 4 hours. Numerical model results with HEC-RAS 2D v6.6 with 6 hours of rainfall on the grid obtained peak discharge hydrograph values for the 50-year and 100-year return periods of 494.86 m³/s and 604.88 m³/s, with the peak time at the 5th hour. Therefore, the largest peak discharge and peak time results were obtained from the HEC-HMS method among the three SUH formulas and HEC-RAS calculations.

Enhancing Flood Detection in Surabaya: A Comparative Study of VV and VH Polarizations with Sentinel-1 Data Ashilah, Hafizhah; Lasminto, Umboro
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol 40, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v40i1.22329

Flood mapping is critical to strengthen urban resilience, particularly in Surabaya, where flooding is a major and recurring threat. Sentinel-1 satellite data offers significant advantages for flood model calibration due to its high-resolution imagery and frequent revisits. This study utilizes Google Earth Engine to process and analyse Sentinel-1 data for mapping flood extents using two different polarizations: VV and VH. The research compares the capabilities of these polarizations in detecting flood areas. The results show that VV polarization consistently identifies a larger flood area compared to VH polarization under similar processing conditions. However, the Kappa coefficient was used to assess classification accuracy, with VV achieving a Kappa of 0.8 and VH reaching a higher Kappa of 0.92, reflecting better classification performance. These findings suggest that while VV provides a broader flood detection, VH offers more reliable flood mapping, highlighting the trade-offs between sensitivity and accuracy in flood monitoring using Sentinel-1 satellite.

Sensitivity Analysis of Calibration in the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) Model for Water Resource Management in Keyang, Slahung, Sungkur Watershed Dianeka, Belia Tatika Arno; Lasminto, Umboro
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol 40, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v40i2.22653

Water availability becomes an important issue as the population increases due to limited water resources not proportional to the increasing demand. The Keyang, Slahung, and Sungkur sub-watersheds in Ponorogo Regency, East Java, face drought during the dry season and flooding during the wet season. This research aims to analyse water availability by considering irrigation needs and cropping patterns, and provide recommendations for the allocation of water supply from surface water for efficient use in the next 30 years. Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) application was used for the analysis, with trial and error method to adjust the parameter values. The optimum parameter values obtained were Z1 = 0, Z2 = 0, DWC = 1000, DC = 100, RRF = 2, RZC = 300, SWC = 1000, and PFD = 0.05. Based on these optimum parameters, the model interpretation of NSE is 0.825 (good category), RMSE 11.923 (good enough category), PBIAS 40.152 (good enough category), R2 (medium influence category), and MAPE 0.873 (very accurate category). This model shows that the simulation results reflect the actual existing conditions.

Flood Prediction Based on Hydrological and Topographic Conditions Using Hec HMS 4.5 and Hec Ras 5. 0. 3 In The Toli - Toli Indonesia Wijaya, Riki Chandra; Lasminto, Umboro
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 30 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2023.30.2.19

Abstract Floods in the Toli-toli area often occur due to the continued reduction in infiltration land. Flood events from year to year have a bigger impact and cause a lot of losses. The impact of this flood needs to be analyzed and its magnitude predicted so that the potential for flooding can be estimated. Flood handling can be addressed early on so that when a flood the losses are not so great. Flood prediction can be done by hydrological analysis using HEC HMS 4.5 and continued hydraulics using HEC RAS 5.0.3. Based on the incidence of rain over the last 10 years, it is known that the return period of rain in the Toli-toli area varies from a period of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years. Based on the calculation results, it is known that the flood in the Toli-toli area in the 2-year return period has a depth of 0.66 meters with a flood inundation area as shown in Figure 7 of this article. In overcoming this flood, efforts should be made to handle it with several alternatives such as increasing infiltration land, normalizing rivers, and so on. Keyword: Flood prediction, Toli-toli, hydrological, topographic. Abstrak Banjir di wilayah Toli-toli sering terjadi akibat terus berkurangnya lahan resapan. Peristiwa banjir dari tahun ke tahun memberikan dampak yang lebih besar dan menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Dampak banjir ini perlu dianalisis dan diprediksi besarannya sehingga potensi banjir dapat diperkirakan. Penanganan banjir dapat diatasi sejak dini sehingga ketika terjadi banjir kerugian yang ditimbulkan tidak begitu besar. Prediksi banjir dapat dilakukan dengan analisis hidrologi menggunakan HEC HMS 4.5 dan dilanjutkan hidrolika menggunakan HEC RAS 5.0.3. Berdasarkan kejadian hujan selama 10 tahun terakhir, diketahui periode ulang hujan di wilayah Toli-toli bervariasi mulai dari periode 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 tahun, dan 15 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diketahui banjir di wilayah Toli-toli periode ulang 2 tahun mempunyai kedalaman 0,66 meter dengan luas genangan banjir seperti terlihat pada Gambar 7 artikel ini. Dalam mengatasi banjir ini perlu dilakukan upaya penanganan dengan beberapa alternatif seperti memperbanyak lahan resapan, normalisasi sungai, dan lain sebagainya. Kata Kunci: Prediksi banjir, Toli-toli, hidrologi, topografi

Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Respon Aliran Permukaan di DAS Klandasan Besar, Kota Balikpapan Muhding, Noor Zaqiyah; Lasminto, Umboro
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/6hfhvy52

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan pada periode 2018–2025 serta keterkaitannya dengan respon sistem aliran permukaan secara spasial. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analisis spasial dan hidrologi-hidraulika, dengan memanfaatkan data tutupan lahan tahun 2018 dan citra satelit resolusi tinggi tahun 2025. Perubahan tutupan lahan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi pergeseran antar kelas penggunaan lahan, sedangkan respon sistem aliran permukaan dianalisis menggunakan pemodelan hidrodinamika dua dimensi (2D) yang merepresentasikan curah hujan historis sebagai kejadian hujan intens di wilayah studi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan signifikan pada area tidak terbangun dan bervegetasi, diikuti oleh peningkatan kawasan terbangun dan jaringan transportasi. Perubahan ini mempengaruhi respon sistem aliran permukaan yang semakin terarah dan meningkatnya keterhubungan antar area aliran pada tahun 2025. Secara spasial, luasan area yang mengalami respon aliran permukaan meningkat dari 215,80 ha pada tahun 2018 menjadi 230,91 ha pada tahun 2025. Temuan ini menegaskan peran penting dinamika perubahan tutupan lahan dalam membentuk karakteristik respon sistem aliran permukaan pada DAS perkotaan. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air perkotaan, mengidentifikasi area rawan genangan dan limpasan permukaan, serta mendukung mitigasi banjir melalui perencanaan drainase yang adaptif dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang. Penelitian ini juga memberikan kontribusi bagi perencanaan kota yang lebih berkelanjutan, dengan menekankan pentingnya menjaga proporsi ruang terbuka hijau dan kawasan resapan air dalam menghadapi tekanan pembangunan perkotaan yang semakin intensif. This study aims to analyze land cover changes from 2018 to 2025 and their relationship with the spatial response of the surface runoff system. The method used is a spatial and hydrological-hydraulic analysis approach, utilizing land cover data from 2018 and high-resolution satellite imagery from 2025. Land cover changes were analyzed to identify shifts between land use classes, while the surface runoff system's response was analyzed using a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model representing historical rainfall data as the intensity of rainfall events in the study area. The results showed a significant decrease in undeveloped and vegetated areas, followed by an increase in built-up areas and transportation networks. These changes affected the surface runoff system's response, making it more directed and increasing the connectivity between flow areas by 2025. Spatially, the area experiencing surface runoff response increased from approximately 215.80 ha in 2018 to 230.91 ha in 2025. These findings highlight the important role of land cover dynamics in shaping the characteristics of surface runoff system responses in urban river basins. Practically, the results of this study can be used for urban water resource management, identifying flood-prone and surface runoff areas, as well as supporting flood mitigation through adaptive drainage planning and space utilization control. This study also contributes to more sustainable urban planning, emphasizing the importance of maintaining green open spaces and water infiltration areas in the face of increasing urban development pressures.

Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Respon Aliran Permukaan di DAS Klandasan Besar, Kota Balikpapan Muhding, Noor Zaqiyah; Lasminto, Umboro
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/6hfhvy52

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan pada periode 2018–2025 serta keterkaitannya dengan respon sistem aliran permukaan secara spasial. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analisis spasial dan hidrologi-hidraulika, dengan memanfaatkan data tutupan lahan tahun 2018 dan citra satelit resolusi tinggi tahun 2025. Perubahan tutupan lahan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi pergeseran antar kelas penggunaan lahan, sedangkan respon sistem aliran permukaan dianalisis menggunakan pemodelan hidrodinamika dua dimensi (2D) yang merepresentasikan curah hujan historis sebagai kejadian hujan intens di wilayah studi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan signifikan pada area tidak terbangun dan bervegetasi, diikuti oleh peningkatan kawasan terbangun dan jaringan transportasi. Perubahan ini mempengaruhi respon sistem aliran permukaan yang semakin terarah dan meningkatnya keterhubungan antar area aliran pada tahun 2025. Secara spasial, luasan area yang mengalami respon aliran permukaan meningkat dari 215,80 ha pada tahun 2018 menjadi 230,91 ha pada tahun 2025. Temuan ini menegaskan peran penting dinamika perubahan tutupan lahan dalam membentuk karakteristik respon sistem aliran permukaan pada DAS perkotaan. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air perkotaan, mengidentifikasi area rawan genangan dan limpasan permukaan, serta mendukung mitigasi banjir melalui perencanaan drainase yang adaptif dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang. Penelitian ini juga memberikan kontribusi bagi perencanaan kota yang lebih berkelanjutan, dengan menekankan pentingnya menjaga proporsi ruang terbuka hijau dan kawasan resapan air dalam menghadapi tekanan pembangunan perkotaan yang semakin intensif. This study aims to analyze land cover changes from 2018 to 2025 and their relationship with the spatial response of the surface runoff system. The method used is a spatial and hydrological-hydraulic analysis approach, utilizing land cover data from 2018 and high-resolution satellite imagery from 2025. Land cover changes were analyzed to identify shifts between land use classes, while the surface runoff system's response was analyzed using a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model representing historical rainfall data as the intensity of rainfall events in the study area. The results showed a significant decrease in undeveloped and vegetated areas, followed by an increase in built-up areas and transportation networks. These changes affected the surface runoff system's response, making it more directed and increasing the connectivity between flow areas by 2025. Spatially, the area experiencing surface runoff response increased from approximately 215.80 ha in 2018 to 230.91 ha in 2025. These findings highlight the important role of land cover dynamics in shaping the characteristics of surface runoff system responses in urban river basins. Practically, the results of this study can be used for urban water resource management, identifying flood-prone and surface runoff areas, as well as supporting flood mitigation through adaptive drainage planning and space utilization control. This study also contributes to more sustainable urban planning, emphasizing the importance of maintaining green open spaces and water infiltration areas in the face of increasing urban development pressures.

Analisis Pengaruh Distribusi Hujan Rancangan Terhadap Karakteristik Genangan Pada Sistem Drainase Kalibokor, Kota Surabaya Aulia Putri Yelisa; Umboro Lasminto
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31645

The Kalibokor drainage system in Surabaya is one of the areas frequently affected by inundation during the rainy season, owing to the limited capacity of its channels to accommodate surface runoff. This condition is further aggravated by the high rainfall intensity characteristic of urban areas, which increases runoff discharge and the potential for flooding. Variations in the temporal distribution of design rainfall can produce different hydrological responses within the drainage system, thereby potentially influencing inundation characteristics in terms of flooded area and inundation depth. This study aims to analyze the effect of rainfall distribution design on the inundation area and depth within the Kalibokor drainage system, Surabaya. The method employed is two-dimensional hydraulic modeling using HEC-RAS 2D with a rain-on-grid approach to spatially simulate overland flow and inundation. The model was calibrated against the existing inundation conditions before the simulation. Simulations were carried out using a rainfall design with a 10-year return period and six duration variations ranging from 1 to 6 h. The simulation results indicate that rainfall duration variation affects the inundation characteristics within the study area. The largest inundation area occurred at a rainfall duration of 1 h, covering approximately 6.113 km², while at a duration of 6 hours the inundation area decreased to approximately 5.592 km². The Inundation formed across all scenarios was predominantly characterized by depths of less than 0.10 m, accounting for more than 50% of the total inundation area. The results demonstrate that shorter rainfall durations tend to produce larger and deeper inundation extents, whereas increasing rainfall duration reduces both the inundation area and depth within the Kalibokor drainage system. These findings indicate that rainfall distribution has a significant influence on flood inundation response and should be considered consideration in the evaluation and planning of urban drainage systems to improve channel capacity in conveying stormwater runoff.

Evaluating Flash Flood Hazards in West Sumatra: Insights from Topographic and Meteorological Data Riki Chandra Wijaya; Umboro Lasminto
Rekayasa Vol 19, No 1: 2026
Publisher : Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v19i1.27878

Flash floods, defined by the rapid flow of water mixed with landslide debris, represent a significant threat to areas with sloped or mountainous terrains. In Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra, a region dominated by hills and mountains, these natural disasters are particularly concerning due to the region’s topographical and meteorological characteristics. The steep slopes and high rainfall intensity create conditions favorable for large-scale debris flows, making this area highly vulnerable to flash floods. To understand the extent of this hazard, a numerical analysis was conducted using topographic and meteorological data, incorporating rainfall records from 2020 to 2023. The analysis revealed a peak flow discharge of approximately 1017.3 cubic meters per second (m³/s), which has the potential to cause riverbank flooding extending 15 to 30 meters beyond the river boundaries. This level of discharge poses significant risks to communities living near rivers, as the flooding could result in substantial damage to property, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Moreover, the numerical models suggest that future discharges may surpass the recorded peak levels, further increasing the potential for catastrophic impacts. These findings highlight the urgent need for increased awareness and preparedness among the population, particularly those residing along riverbanks. Proactive measures, such as the implementation of early warning systems, improved disaster education, and reinforcement of riverbanks, are critical to mitigating these risks. Additionally, sustainable land-use practices and stricter regulations on hillside developments can help reduce the likelihood of landslides contributing to debris flows. With coordinated efforts from local authorities, policymakers, and the community, the resilience of Tanah Datar Regency can be enhanced, minimizing the devastating consequences of flash floods in the future.

Perencanaan Bangunan Breakwater Di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pt. Mitra Jaya Samudra Kota Bitung Dewi, Mega Septia Sarda; Lasminto, Umboro; Sarwonno, Bambang
Matriks Teknik Sipil Vol 10, No 4 (2022): Desember
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Sipil FT UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/mateksi.v10i4.64725

Kota Bitung banyak terdapat pelabuhan perikanan salah satunya adalah pelabuhan perikanan PT. Mitra Jaya Samudera. Sebuah pelabuhan perikanan harus memiliki bangunan pengaman pantai agar dapat melindungi wilayah tersebut. Oleh karena itu diperlukan bangunan breakwater untuk melindungi pelabuhan. Dalam merencanakan struktur breakwater diperlukan data angin, pasang surut air laut, data batimetri dan data tanah yang akan dianalisis. Data angin untuk analisis perhitungan peramalan gelombang, data pasang surut untuk perhitungan kedalaman letak struktur, peta batimetri untuk perencanaan layout dan data tanah untuk kestabilan tanah. Data yang berkaitan dengan gelombang air laut dianalisis menggunakan software Delft3D untuk mendapatkan tinggi gelombang yang digunakan sebagai desain struktur bangunan. Hasil dari analisis menggunakan software Delft3D diperoleh tinggi gelombang rencana di sekitar struktur sebesar 1,5 m dan lokasi struktur pada kedalaman 3 m. Struktur bangunan terdiri dari bagian kepala dan lengan. Bagian kepala dengan kemiringan 1:2 dan bagian lengan dengan kemiringan 1:1,5. Struktur breakwater terdiri dari 3 layer yaitu lapisan utama berdiameter batu 0,6 m, lebar puncak 4 m, tebal lapisan 1,6 m, lapisan kedua berdiameter batu 0,3 m, tebal lapisan 0,7 m, dan lapisan inti berdiameter batu 0,1 m

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