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All Journal E-Journal of Linguistics E-Journal Of Cultural Studies Linguistika Jurnal Kajian Bali Aksara JENTERA: Jurnal Kajian Sastra Stilistika: Journal of Indonesian Language and Literature Open Access DRIVERset

I Nyoman Weda Kusuma

Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia

Author-ID : 302943

Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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The Bakayat SpokenText Tradition The Articulation of Religious Value and Social Discourse of Sasak Community in Lombok I Made Suyasa; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Nyoman Suarka; I Nyoman Darma Putra
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol 11 No 1 (2017): eJL-January
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

This study explored the bakayat spoken-text tradition of the Sasak people in Lombok. The tradition was used as media for preaching on Islamic day, customs and ceremonies, as well as appreciating the folk literature. Malay literary texts that contained religious values were articulated continuously in various social discourses by the community that owned this tradition. The impact of the globalization and the inclusion of various Islamic doctrines in Lombok have threatened the existence of the bakayat tradition and now most Sasak people especially the younger ones are not interested in this tradition. The background explained above has become the main reason why this study was conducted. Moreover, there were still a few studies which had investigated the bakayat tradition in-depth. This present study was focused on the history, structure, function, meaning, and articulation of the religious values and social discourse of the bakayat tradition bySasak people. This research used the descriptive analytical method. The data were analyzed using the interpretive qualitative method. The theories used in this study were the theory narratology proposed by Gerard Genette (1986), the theory of articulation proposed by Stuart Hall (1986), the theory of functions, and the theory of semiotics. The results of this study showed that the historical development ofthe Sasakbakayat tradition was characterized by the emergence of Islam in Lombok. It significantly contributed to the existence of bakayat. It was followed by the Islamic Malay literature which was used as the reading material in the bakayat tradition and the media for learning Islam. The historical development of the bakayat Sasak was explained in various aspects such as religious, cultural, political, and social aspects. The structure of the bakayat text was a form of the articulation in spoken style which involved the characteristics of the narrative structure, which was seen from the narrative, rhythmic, and storytelling style. The bakayat tradition had two functions, namelythe manifest function and latent function, and there was a shifting function. The manifest function of the Sasak bakayat tradition was that it was used as the Islamic preaching media, while the latent function was that it was used as the educational, social, economic, and customs media. The shifting function of the tradition was that it was used as an entertainment that described the function of social identity, local knowledge, and competition activity. Based on the cultural and social context, the tradition implied that the bakayat tradition had historical, political, aesthetic, and social significances. The translation during the performance of the tradition was accompanied with the meaning interpretation or review conveyed in Sasak language. Each performance had new meaning interpretation of the text; the dominant meaning of the text was about the singleness of God, negotiation, ambiguity, and rejection. The articulation of the Sasak bakayat text was a form of new meaning. The articulation of the religious value and social discourse of the bakayat text was about the story of Prophet Joseph made up of the spoken-text form using the typical Sasak song.

BAGURAU: MINANGKABAU ORAL LITERATURE IN LUHAK NAN TIGO WEST SUMATRA Khairil Anwar; I Wayan Cika; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 4. Juli 2010 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This research presents the results of analysis and the description of severalproblems related to the oral literary work of Bagurau which have not beencompletely and deeply analyzed by previous researchers. The problems are related tothe oral literary text of Bagurau. In line with the problems discussed, qualitativemethod with sociological approach is applied in this study. This means that theresearch was initiated by comprehending the data and then the theory ofdeconstruction, that is, the theory of “trace” functions and the theory ofhypersemiotics were chosen for analyzing the data. The theories were observed insuch a way that they could be synthesized into one theory or a novelty.The description of the results of analysis was initiated by presenting thesocial context of Bagurau which was then continued with the forms of the textincluding the construction of the text with regard to its scheme, communicativepattern, formulas, sound elements, style, diction, theme, characters and setting. Basedon the deconstruction pattern introduced by Derrida, as far as the text of Bagurau isconcerned, several new forms of text have been found developing. They are theforms of parody, schizophrenia, kitsch, pastiche, hybrid, eclectic, and nonsense.Based on what has been traced, the text of Bagurau used to function as amusement toexpress joy, production and reproduction of local culture, expression, representation,economy, introspection, and togetherness. Then the meanings which have been foundare the meanings of pluralism, egalitarianism, emancipation, democracy, theideology of parewa, destruction of phallocentrism, solidarity, social control, and self- esteem - embarrassment.

CEPUNG SASAK: ORAL TRADITION IN LOMBOK WEST NUSA TENGGARA Ida Bagus Kade Gunayasa; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Wayan Cika; I Nyoman Suarka2
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 5. Januari 2011 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The problems discussed in this study are the process of the creation of CepungSasak (abbreviated to CS), its structure, its context of image, its function and meaning.The data needed was collected by ethnographic method and library research. Four maintheories were adopted for analyzing the data; they are the structural theory, the Lord’sformula, the theory of literary semiotics and the functional theory. The objectives wereachieved by analyzing the process of the CS creation, its textual structure, its context ofimage, its function and meaning in the middle of Sasaknese community.Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be inferred that the elementsforming the CS structure are form, formula, theme, sound and style. One of the culturalcontextual elements which does not play any role is the particular event underlying theimage. The process of its creation takes place within and outside the plots. Its plotsfunction to recall the past, to educate, to amuse, to express interethnic group solidarity, tocontrol social matters, to resist social matters and to give religious teachings. Themeanings of the CS are love and affection, acknowledgement of social stratification andcollective awareness.The novelties in this study are the formula and theme are different from thoseintroduced in the Lord’ theory. The Lord’s theory of formula is not entirely applicable tothe CS. The reason is that the process how the CS is created is not based on formula buton the pattern of rhyme and stimulus such as flute, rebab (two-stringed musicalinstrument), music produced by the mouth and pengeriong ‘penurut’ (another musical instrument). The process of how it is created is not the same as that stated by Lord. It issimilar to that stated by Finnegan, that is, it takes place within and outside the plots.However, Finnegan does not include the element of stimulus. In this case, the mainfunction of the CS is as amusement. Its meaning is to stimulate social solidarity in allaspects of Sasaknese community life.

Folklore Of Sang Sandiaka Based On The Function Theory, Morphological Theory And Mythological Theory At Depeha Village, Kubu Tambahan District Ni Nyoman Seri Astini; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Nyoman Suarka; I Wayan Suardiana
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol 13 No 1 (2019): e-jl-January
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

This study aims to find the functions and ideologies of Depeha Village folklore entitled Sang Sandiaka. The focus of the problems to be studied in this study consists of three things; they are: (1) to find out the narrative structure of the folklore of Sang Sandiaka, (2) to find out the functions of the story, and (3) to find out the ideologies in it. The type of this study is qualitative. The theories used in this study are the morphological theory , the function theory and the mythological theory. The data were collected through documentation and interview. Thus the analysis started with a review of Sang Sandiaka's story, then the narrative structure and the function as well as the meaning of the story, and the ideologies contained in it were presented. The results of this study showed that: (1) the story of Sang Sandiaka functions to remind the past, as non-formal education of the community and as the entertainment for the Depeha Village community, and (2) the ideologies which the folklore contain are the ideology of leadership and the ideology of social equality.

ENERGY OF NOVELS SAMAN, NAYLA, AND PETIR IN LITERARY PUBLISHING INDUSTRY Sugiarti -; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; Ayu Sutarto
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 4. Januari 2010 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The research was based on the notion that novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir haveuniqueness in the exploration of ideas, narration style, and such typical techniques that creatednew esthetics. Besides, the literary works were written by three creative, innovative andknowledgeable young women who, in expressing their ideas and thoughts, were able to totallyframe story and give energy to the novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir. In the history of Indonesiancontemporary literary works, they (Ayu Utami, Djenar Maesa Ayu, and Dewi Lestari) wereknown to have produce monumental works, which in turn received good responses in Indonesianliterature publishing industry.This research is aimed at describing (a) thematic aspect and energy of the novels Saman,Nayla and Petir, which encourages literature publishing industry to publish; (b) readers’reception of the themes novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir in social and cultural change andpublishing industry; (c) relevance of cultural industry and economic praxis of readers, bookmarket and publishing industry of literary history. The research method used was descriptivewith qualitative and hermeneutic approaches. Meanwhile, the data was deeply analyzed in theunderstanding, content, and context. The analysis was conducted in cyclic and counter balancedways to gain deep understanding of writers’ thoughts, readers’ responses to the literary works,and the role of publishing industry with available market prospect. The research was based ontheory of post structuralism, reception, intertext, and cultural industry in literature.The research results showed that (1) thematic aspects and energy of the novels Saman,Nayla, and Petir as a context described women’s concern about social and cultural structure,patriarchy culture, and conflicts between traditional and modern structures. There were vulgarand jumping expressions, contrasting dictions, fantasy and symbolic language, the use of naturalstyle, free narrative, surprising and scientific techniques. The narative strength, characteristic, anduniqueness of the novel Saman, Nayla, and Petir have motivated the publishing industry topublish them ; (2) readers’ reception to the themes of the novels Saman, Nayla, and Petir inrelation to social and cultural change, and literature publishing industries in Indonesia, could becategorized into two parties, pro and contra. The socio and cultural change has caused the literaryvalues not to be bound by time and space. Such values keep growing and changing ; (3) relevanceof cultural industry and economic practice of readers’ book market and publishing industry ofliterary history, it could be seen that model became collective, business and ideological orientedinstead of other more important things. Indonesian literary history has experienced reduction as aresult of the development of cultural industry, regardless the fact that it was still based on estheticstandard.

TRI HITA KARANA AND HYDROLIC CYCLE BASED ON VEDA A.A. Kade Sri Yudari; I Nyoman Suarka; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics 2016: Vol 10. No. 1 January
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Hydrologic cycle refers to the route of water cycle or the journey made by water on the earth’s surface. Water can change in form, and flows in various places before finally it gets back to the biggest source, that is, the ocean. Approximately 71% of the earth is covered with the ocean. Talking about the hydrologic cycle cannot be separated from talking about the sun and the ocean, that is, the impact of the rise and fall of the tides. In Veda, the traditional geography, in general, and in Tatwa and Purana, in particular, it is stated that the earth is divided into two parts; they are the main land and the ocean. The question is how deep the Hindu theology and philosophy about the hydrologic cycle is. The water on the earth’s surface evaporates, resulting from the hot ray radiated by the sun. In Reg. Veda Samhita.I.164.51, it is strongly stated that “the water on the earth’s surface rises due to evaporation”. After evaporation, water changes into water drops or fine dews referred to as clouds. There are many types and forms of clouds which may lead to storms; however, some have no impact. When such clouds are already formed, they are brought to every area of the earth’s surface. When they reach the saturation point, a natural phenomenon appears which is referred to as rain. The falling water makes the earth wet, fills up dams, flows along rivers, and fertilize every type of life on earth. Rain measures how the hydrologic cycle takes place. Therefore, it should be recognized that it is important to maintain the hydrologic cycle, which determines that the earth’s fertility and prosperity will not be disturbed. The Hindu teaching is rich in such a philosophy referred to as Tri Hita Karana. Even in very religious ritual water is always mainly used for purification. The sources of water such as wells, rivers, lakes, showers, and oceans are made to be physically and spiritually sacred. The concepts of balance and harmony are easily found in rituals and the philosophy of Veda, the holy book. Almost all the Hindu rituals and philosophies refer to the balanced and harmonious nature. The Hindu philosophy that it is important to protect water for all the creatures on the earth’s surface can guarantee the life sustainability. The life of every creature cannot be separated from water. If the hydrologic cycle which supports every life on earth is damaged, then the human life on earth will be damaged as well.

SHAPE OF FEMININITY IN THE TEXT OF GEGURITAN (PHILOSOPICAL VERSE) IN BALI: ANALYSIS OF FEMINISM Ni Nyoman Karmini; Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Nyoman Suarka
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 3. 1 Januari 2009 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The object of this study is Balinese traditional literature which is the form of geguritan(philosophical verse). The reason why such texts are used as the object of the study is that theycontain very complex and interesting narrations about feminism. The objectives of this studyare to find out the formal and narrative structure of the texts and to describe the shape offemininity in the texts and its relevance to the lives of Balinese women who are Hindufollowers in the society. The objectives are all at once the answers to the problems of the study.The theory applied is that of feminism which emphasizes the concept ofRadical-Cultural Feminism. This study is a qualitative one of which the data were collected bydocumentation method, that is, by the techniques of note taking, observation and interview. Thedata were analyzed using the formal method in accordance with literature studies.There were nine geguritan (philosophical verses) which were used as the object of thestudy. From the formal structural analysis, the pupuh (strophe) used, its function and literarystyle could be identified. From the content, religious and amusement functions could beidentified. From the narrative structural analysis, it could be identified that the plot waschronological and sorot balik (backward directed); the characters and characterization weredescribed to express extraordinary ability, which was based on Hinduism, while the theme wasdescribed to express the application of panca crada (the five principles in Hinduism). Therewere seven findings as far as the analysis of the text is concerned: they are: (1) the educatedwomen could determine their attitudes, make decisions, show prestige and maintain theirdignity; (2) the women in the texts had extraordinary power. This means that the women werenot weak. Therefore, the stereotype that women were weak was neglected; (3) the educatedwomen who used Hinduism as the reference could become the men’s power; (4) the womenwho could become the men’s power could be the centre or the subject of the events undergoneduring their lives; (5) the women’s ability was similar to the men’s and they could show theirability; (6) the shape of femininity in the texts was in accordance with wadhu tatwa ( a type ofphilosophy ) and the struggle of Radical Cultural Feminism; (7) it turned out that the theory offeminism could be used for analyzing the traditional literature.

REPRESENTATION OF INDONESIAN REVOLUTION IN POEM “RAPAT MENGGANYANG 7 SETAN” BY H.R. BANDAHARO I Wayan Artika; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Darma Putra; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 8. Juli 2014 No.2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This present study explores the representation of Indonesian Revolution in the poem “Rapat Mengganyang 7 Setan” written by H.R. Bandaharo. The meaning of the poem was revealed through the exploration of the reciprocal relationship between the speech delivered by President Soekarno and what was written by D.N. Aidit. The approach used was the qualitative one. The data were analyzed through parallel reading. The result of the study showed that the representation of the Indonesian Revolution through the themes and diction adopted from the expressions/slogans used during the revolution era. The reciprocal relationship between the poem “Rapat Mengganyang 7 Setan” and the speech delivered by President Soekarno and what was written by D.N. Aidit was based what is referred to as “Mukadimah Lekra” (Introduction to Lekra), “Konsepsi Kebudayaan Rakyat” (Conception of the People’s Culture), and “metode asas kombinasi 1-5-1” (Method of Combined Principle 1-5-1). Representation of the Indonesian Revolution in this literary work showed that literature was part of the political movement used to achieve what the Indonesian Revolution aimed at, namely, a community with justice and prosperity.

Rakawi Language in the Past and Present Time A.A. Gde Alit Geria Alit Geria; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma Weda Kusuma; I Made Suastika Suastika; I Nyoman Suarka Suarka
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Jawa Kuna is one of the oldest documentary languages that has the richest materials as well as fine and noble national cultural values. Jawa Kuna is the key to revealing the history of the cultural life in Indonesia in the past. Therefore, studying Jawa Kuna is like digging up the “hidden pearl” because the scintillating beam or supreme (adiluhung) teachings implied in it can be used as guidance (s?suluh) in everyday life. A very strong desire of the experts of Jawa Kuna to discover the history and the richness of culture in the ancient time has succeeded in changing the image of Jawa Kuna from being “a distant jungle, scary and horrible” into “a virgin forest that is very close, friendly and attractive”. In Bali, the influence of Jawa Kuna has existed since the 10th century until the globalization era nowadays. Jawa Kuna has been greatly cherished by the rakawi in creating a piece of literature (parwa, kakawin) until the beginning of the 21st century. As a media in exploring the Hindu and Buddhist literature, Jawa Kuna language is preserved not merely in the sense that it is read, sung and discussed, but it is also shown with the creation of new Kakawin using Jawa Kuna language by Balinese Rakawi (authors) namely Made Degung, I Wayan Mandra, and I Wayan Pamit. Those three Balinese rakawi have been able to comprehend one similar problem (Siwa-Buddha) by using the same hypogram as well (Siwagama), and then it is packed in their own style into a very beautiful piece of kakawin (langö).

BENTUK MORFOSEMANTIK DALAM TEKS TRADISI LISAN NYIANG LENGAN PADA MASYARAKAT DAYAK MAANYAN DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH Intan Ayu Puspita; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Made Suastika
Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana Vol 25 No 2 (2018): September
Publisher : Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana

Nyiang Lengan is an oral tradition of the Dayak Maanyan tribes in Central Kalimantan, especially in East Barito Regency. This tradition is composed of the literary language which is sung by using Pangunraun language. This research uses a morphosemantic study to understand the morphological form and its significance. Nyiang Lengan is reviewed since the writer would like to preserve the culture of Dayak Maanyan tribes and also introduce this tradition to the younger generation so that they will realize the importance of this oral tradition for the Dayak Maanyan people. It is because many young generations of Dayak Maanyan can not sing it even understand the messages of Nyiang Lengan. This research focuses on affixation and significance in the text of Nyiang Lengan. Affixation becomes the main topic to find out the morphological changes in the text of the oral tradition. Afterwards, understanding the significance is also important so that the messages of Nyiang Lengan can be delivered.

Co-Authors A.A. Gde Alit Geria Alit Geria A.A. Kade Sri Yudari Anwar, Khairil Ayu Sutarto Dr Pudentia Dra Dafirah Eva Krisna Fransiscus Bustan Gde Artawan Hamiruddin Udu Hutasoit, Evalina Franciska I Gde Parimartha I Gede Yudarta, I Gede I Gusti Ayu Agung Mas Triadnyani I Ketut Ardhana Ardhana, I Ketut Ardhana I Ketut Jirnaya I Made Suastika I Made Suyasa I Nengah Sudipa I Nyoman Darma Putra I Nyoman Kuta Ratna I Nyoman Kutha Ratna I Nyoman Mulyono I Nyoman Suarka I Wayan Artika I Wayan Cika I Wayan Dibia I Wayan Suardiana Ida Bagus Jelantik Ida Bagus Kade Gunayasa Ida Bagus Mahardika Ida Bagus Nyoman Mantra Ida Bagus Rai Putra Intan Ayu Puspita Kamidjan Kamidjan Komang Dian Puspita Candra Komang Dian Puspita Candra, Komang Dian Puspita La Aso Aso, La Aso M Fatkhur Rohman Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa Maizufri - Maria Matildis Banda Muh Alifuddin NI MADE WIASTI Ni Nyoman Karmini Ni Nyoman Seri Astini Ni Putu Ayu Ariasih Ni Putu Parmini Ni Wayan Sumitri Novena Ade Fredyarini Soedjiwo Nyoman Kutha Ratna Pudentia, Pudentia Puji Retno Hardiningtyas Puji Retno Hardiningtyas Puji Retno Hardiningtyas, Puji Retno Setya Yuawana Setya Yuwana Siti Norma Nasution Sugiarti - Sukardiasih, Luh Gede

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