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SINTESIS ADITIF OCTANE BOOSTER DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET DENGAN PROSES PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK Pita Rangga, Wara Dyah; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Nasikin, M; Trisnani, Dewi
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol 8, No 2 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v8i2.320

Abstract

Proses sintesis aditif octane booster dari minyak biji karet melalui prosesperengkahan katalitik fasa cair yaitu H2SO4. Kondisi reaksi pada reactor batchtekanan atmosfer berpengaduk, waktu reaksi 0,5-2 jam dan suhu reaksi 160-250oC.Selama proses perengkahan katalitik menggunakan kadar katalis 1%. Kondidioptimum pada waktu 1 jam dan suhu 220oC. Karakterisasi aditif octane booster yangdihasilkan adalah densitas 0,734 g/mL, viskositas 0,027 poise, dan angka oktana101,01. Penurunan densitas dan viskositas terjadi setelah proses perengkahankatalistik dan destilasi Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa trigliserida minyak biji karetdirengkahkan menjadi molekul yang lebih kecil yang terdiri dari senyawa denganrantai C lebih pendek. Analisis FTIR sebelum dan sesudah reaksi menunjukkan reaksiperengkahan dengan produk alkena, alkana, asam alkanoat. Pada analisis GC-MSdihasilkan aditif octane booster pada C5-C12 konversi 38,67 dan yield 35,61.Kata kunci: aditif, octane booster, perengkahan katalitik, fasa cair
SINTESIS FATTY ACID METHYL ESTHER DARI MINYAK BIJI MAHONI (SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA, KING) DAN UJI PERFORMANCE-NYA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF PADA MESIN DIESEL Mursiti, Sri; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Matsjeh, Sabirin; Mustofa, Mustofa
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol 12, No 1 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v12i1.5425

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) merupakan bahan bakar alternatif pada mesin diesel yang terbarukan. Penelitian ini mensintesis FAME melalui transesterifikasi minyak biji mahoni dengan metanol menggunakan katalis KOH. Tujuannya (1) mendapatkan kondisi optimal sintesis FAME, (2) mengetahui sifat fisis FAME, dan (3) mengetahui performancenya. Minyak biji mahoni memiliki bilangan asam yang tinggi (29,86 mg KOH/ g minyak) sehingga dilakukan esterifikasi. Esterifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 35°C menggunakan katalis H . Transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan perbandingan minyak: metanol= 4:1. Variasinya suhu (30°C - 60°C) dan konsentrasi KOH (0,5% - 1% berat minyak). Didapatkan kondisi optimum reaksi transesterifikasi pada suhu 60°C, konsentrasi KOH 0,75%, waktu reaksi 60 menit, serta rasio volume minyak:metanol= 4:1, dan didapatkan yield sebesar 83,9742%. FAME diuji sifat fisisnya dengan variasi perbandingan FAME:solar: butanol sebesar 1:0:0, 1:1:1, dan 1:2:2. Pengujian meliputi densitas, korosi lempeng tembaga, color ASTM, viskositas kinematis, flash point, pour point, kandungan air, serta CCR. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan standar kualitas biodiesel (SNI). Data menunjukkan bahwa semua komposisi campuran FAME:solar belum memenuhi persyaratan standar. Uji performance secara lengkap belum dapat dilaksanakan karena dapat menyebabkan kerusakan mesin, tetapi performance konsumsi FAME pada mesin diesel tidak jauh berbeda dengan konsumsi solar pada mesin diesel, tetapi emisinya lebih rendah.
Reduction of FFA in Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil via Esterification Reaction Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst: Experimental and Kinetics Study Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Akbar, Muhammad Hafizt; Widjanarko, Dwi
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i2.23886

Abstract

The rapid growth of the population and economy has boosted up the necessity of fuel and  energy source. Until now, the world’s dependency on fossil fuel as the primary energy supply is still high. On the other hand, it has been known that the fossil-based oil and gas reserves are shrunk. Hence, it is urgent to develop alternative energy sources, which are renewable and environmentally friendly, to anticipate the energy insufficiency. Biodiesel is among the prospective renewable energy due to its advantages. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) is a type of biofuel which is derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. There are various vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. However, non-edible oils are usually preferred to be selected as a biodiesel feedstock to evade the conflict between food and energy needs. Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil is a type of non-edible oil which is cheap and can be employed as biodiesel feedstock. However, this oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) content (8.89%). Thus, it cannot directly undergo transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel since the FFA will react with alkaline catalyst to produce soap. The FFA content in Kapok Randu seed oil needs to be decreased until it is lower than 2%. Hence, prior to transesterification reaction, esterification of Kapok Randu seed oil with methanol in the presence of acid catalyst should be conducted to decrease the FFA content. In this work, esterification reaction was performed in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The reactions were conducted at the molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12 at the temperature of 40, 50, and 60 ℃ for 120 minutes. The optimum reaction conversion was 95.14%, achieved at the reaction temperature of 60 ℃. Kinetics study using homogeneous models was also performed. It was revealed that the reaction was appropriate with the irreversible second order reaction model. The reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), and  frequency factor (A) were 4.95 L / mole.min, 30,799.21 J/ mole and 338.744 / min, respectively.
Tin (II) Chloride Catalyzed Esterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil: Experimental and Kinetics Study Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Handayani, Prima Astuti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Purwono, Suryo; Budiman, Arief
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 2 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.2.75-81

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the promising energy source alternatives to fossil fuel. To produce biodiesel in a more economical way, the employment of the low-cost feed stocks, such as non-edible oils with high free fatty acid (FFA), is necessary. Accordingly, the esterification reaction of FFA in vegetable oils plays an important role in the biodiesel production. In this work, esterification of FFA contained in Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst in a batch reactor has been carried out. The esterification reaction was conducted using methanol at the temperature of 40-60 °C for 4 hours. The effect of molar ratio of methanol to oil was studied in the range 15:1 to 120:1. The influence of catalyst loading was investigated in the range of 2.5 to 15% w/w oil. The optimum reaction conversion was obtained at 60 °C with the catalyst loading of 10% w/w oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 120:1. A pseudo-homogeneous reversible second order kinetic model for describing the esterification of FFA contained in CJO with methanol over tin (II) chloride catalyst was developed based on the experimental data. The kinetic model can fit the data very well.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN DI WILAYAH GUNUNGPATI MENJADI BIOPESTISIDA YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Suyitno, Hardi; Wulansarie, Ria
Rekayasa : Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi dan Pembelajaran Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Juli 2017
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/rekayasa.v15i1.12576

Abstract

Gunungpati Sub-district, Semarang is a special durian fruit producing region. One of the negative impacts of the existence of durian center in Gunungpati area is the volume of garbage leather durian accumulate. To overcome that problem, there needs to be innovation in durian skin waste management by involving the public so that durian leather waste can be utilized to be a product of economic value. One of the potential durian skin is the high essential oil content. Durian leather essential oil contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, and polyphenols that are toxic to pests and mosquitoes that can be utilized to be environmentally friendly vegetable pesticides. Therefore, to overcome the problem of high durian leather garbage volume, it is necessary to conduct commu- nity service activities aimed at providing knowledge to the community about how to increase added value for durian leather waste and provide skills to the community about how to process durian leather waste into biopesticides. In order to achieve the goals and objectives, this community service is carried out through several stages. The first phase is coordination with community leaders and lo- cal government, the second stage is the socialization to partners about the negative impact of durian leather waste and giving material about the potential of durian leather. The second stage is training to provide skills to the partner community on how to process durian leather waste into biopesticides. The third stage is the training activity of the application of biopesticide waste durian skin on the plant. The fourth phase of the activity is monitoring and evaluation. The final stage of this devotional activity is the making of reports and dissemination of devotion through scientific publication. In addition to positive impact on environmental hygiene, community service activities are also useful for empowering the economy of society to be independent and have the spirit of entrepreneurship through the innovative skills of making eco-friendly biopesticides from waste durian.
Pembuatan Telur Asin Omega-3 Tinggi dengan Ekstrak Daun Kelor Menggunakan ESEM Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Sunyoto, Sunyoto; Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti; Sutrisno, Akhmad; Anugrahani, Viona Widya
Rekayasa : Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi dan Pembelajaran Vol 17, No 1 (2019): July 2019
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/rekayasa.v17i1.21191

Abstract

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan teknologi pangan kepada masyarakat RT 04/RW 01, Kelurahan Sekaran, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Semarang dengan memanfaatkan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) untuk meningkatkan kandungan Omega-3 pada telur asin. Target luaran yang diharapkan antara lain masyarakat dapat memiliki ketrampilan mengenai pembuatan telur asin yang memiliki kandungan Omega-3 tinggi sehingga dapat menghasilkan telur asin yang berkualitas dan memiliki nilai gizi tinggi, serta masyarakat dapat menggunakan alat ESEM (Express Salted Egg Maker) untuk mempercepat waktu produksi dengan kapasitas yang lebih besar. Hasil dari program pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan ini adalah aspek penerapan iptek produk pangan dipandang sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan potensi daun kelor sebagai bahan tambahan pada pembuatan telur asin, meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam pembuatan telur asin dari ekstrak daun kelor serta menumbuhkan motivasi berwirausaha masyarakat RT04/RW01, Kelurahan Sekaran, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Semarang. The purpose of this activity is to introduce food technology to the people of RT 04 / RW 01, Kelurahan Sekaran, Gunungpati District, Semarang by utilizing Moringa oleifera leaves to increase Omega-3 content in salted eggs. Expected output targets are among others the community can have skills regarding making salted eggs that have high Omega-3 content so that they can produce high quality salted eggs with high nutritional value, and the public can use the ESEM (Express Salted Egg Maker) tool to speed up production time. with greater capacity. The results of the community service program that have been carried out are aspects of the application of the science and technology of food products considered to be very effective in increasing public awareness in utilizing the potential of Moringa leaves as an ingredient in salted egg making, increasing the knowledge and skills of the community in making salted eggs from Moringa leaf extract and growing community entrepreneurship motivation RT04 / RW01, Kelurahan Sekaran, Gunungpati District, Semarang.
The Processing of Industrial Tofu Dreg Waste into Animal Feed in Sumurrejo Village, Semarang Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Hartanto, Dhoni; Prasetiawan, Haniif; Triwibowo, Bayu; Maksiola, Masni; Kusuma, Andre Dianata Hogi; Fidyawati, F; Mezaki, Naufal Mudrik; Mutaqin, Afrizal Mai; Loveyanto, Rendy Okta
Rekayasa : Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi dan Pembelajaran Vol 18, No 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/rekayasa.v18i2.27278

Abstract

Tofu is famous as a favorite, healthy, nutritious and cheap food in Indonesia. The tofu industry has been growing rapidly in this country in the form of household scale businesses or MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). Among the tofu MSME centers in Semarang is the one in Sumurrejo Village, Gunungpati District. Sumurrejo village has various business potentials that are capable of driving the community’s economy, especially the entrepreneurship of tofu and tempeh MSMEs, as well as dairy and beef cattle farming. The MSMEs in this area are growing rapidly and able to improve the economy of the local community. In spite of this positive impact, the existence of tofu industry also has a negative effect since its waste causes environmental pollution problems. One of them is tofu dreg waste which can cause pollution to the environment due to its bad smell, organic matters content, and putrefaction potential. One effort to overcome this problem is to process the tofu dreg waste into animal feed. Tofu waste has high nutritions which consist of 8.66% protein, 3.79% fat, 51.63% water and 1.21% ash. Therefore, in order to resolve the environmental problems caused by the disposal of tofu waste and the problem of the high price of commercial animal feed, it is necessary to conduct community service activities to increase the added value of tofu waste by processing it into animal feed through fermentation process. Tofu pulp fodder produced in this activity was also tested on chickens. Chickens that were feed with tofu waste shown a better weight gain than those given regular fodder (pur). Training on tofu waste processing into fodder was very useful for the community within the area of the tofu industry in Sumurrejo Village because it could overcome the environmental problems caused by tofu dreg waste and could provide cheap, nutritious, safe animal feed and support the livestock growth. Community service activities were conducted by providing knowledge and skills through lecturing, practice and skills training, as well as monitoring activities.
CONVERSION OF DURIAN SHELL AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE INTO VARIOUS VALUABLE PRODUCTS TO SUPPORT THE FOOD SECURITY DURING THE COVID-19 NEW NORMAL ERA: REVIEW Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Syah, Ahmad Faiz Armiano
Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Vol 13, No 2 (2020): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (716.929 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jthp.v13i2.43599

Abstract

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) is a tropical, delicious and expensive fruit with specific aroma. Indonesia is among the biggest and the best durian fruit producer in the world. There are various types of Durian in Indonesia, coming from different areas. Based on the data released by the Central Bureau of Statistic, it was demonstrated that the main provinces producing durian in 2019 were East Java, Central Java, West Java, North Sumatera, West Sumatera, Banten, South Sulawesi, and South Sumatera with the total harvest of  289,334 ton, 172,939 ton,  94,183 ton, 90,105 ton, 62,564 ton, 46,436 ton, 45,729 ton, and 42,048 ton, respectively. The high production of durian fruit is beneficial for the agroindustrial and economic sectors. On the other hand, it also results in the abundance waste during the harvest time which causes many problems to the environment. The percentage of durian flesh of fruit is only 20.52%, meaning that the 79.48% of durian is unutilized parts such as shell and seeds. The waste resulted from durian is about 556,360 ton per year. Durian waste, especially durian shell, is difficult to degrade. Hence, the proper waste management of the durian shell is crucial. The strategic way to manage the durian shell is by upgrading this waste into various valuable products. In this work, the innovation of the durian shell waste conversion into diverse product to support the national food security during the covid-19 new normal era is discussed.  Durian shell is potential to be used for the production of food products such as candy, pectin, edible film, and crackers, flour, and noodle. It also has potency to be utilized in the production of products which support the development of food crop agriculture and animal husbandry, such as biopesticides, organic fertilizer, and animal feed, which strongly associated with the food supply security.
Utilization of Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste as Organic Fertilizer to Support the Alley Garden Project Development Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Marwoto, Putut; Wulandari, Cahya; Atuzzuhro, Qoni'
Jurnal Abdimas Vol 24, No 3 (2020): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M), Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Tofu is a food that people are fond of and is recognized as healthy, nutritious and cheap cuisine. The tofu industry has been growing rapidly in Indonesia in the form of household scale businesses or MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). On the other hand, tofu industry also has a negative impact to the environment due to its waste. The waste of tofu industry has high level of BOD and COD so that it becomes organic pollutant for groundwater and creates an unpleasant odor. Tofu components that potentially become liquid waste are the organic compounds such as protein (40-60)%, carbohydrates (25-50)%, and 10% fat. The largest component of tofu liquid waste is protein, which is 226.06 mg/L to 434.78 mg/L. This nutrient content allows tofu liquid waste to be processed into liquid organic fertilizer through a simple fermentation process. In this community service project, short training on processing tofu industrial liquid waste into liquid organic fertilizer has been conducted in Sumurrejo are, Semarang. To utilize this organic fertilizer for plant growing, an alley garden was also established in the village.
Vinasse-Based Slow-Release Organo-Mineral Fertilizer with Chitosan-Bentonite Matrix Qudus, Nur; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Syamrizal, Zakky; Zakaria, Zainul Akmar; Hartanto, Dhoni
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.28829

Abstract

Controlling the release rate of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) for the soil fertilized can enhance the fertilizer efficiency and reduce the drawback for the environmental. In this work, a novel slow-release organo-mineral fertilizer was produced from the vinasse, which was blended with the NPK and the chitosan-bentonite matrix. The NPK used as additional nutrients source and the chitosan-bentonite matrix was performed as a barrier to prevent the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from a rapid dissolving. The NPK release rate was measured and analyzed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 days using the incubation method and leaching test. The most efficient release rate was obtained when a dry vinasse mixed with 9% NPK and 5% chitosan-bentonite matrix with the ratio of 8:2. The vinasse-based slow-release of organo-mineral fertilizer (SR-OMF) was compared to the vinasse organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF). The result indicated that the NPK release rate in the vinasse-based SR-OMF was lower compared to that in the vinasse OMF.
Co-Authors Achmad Bachtiar Agung Ari Wibowo Ahmad Afwan Fathoni Ajeng Riswanti Wulandari Akbar, Muhammad Hafizt Andri Cahyo Kumoro Anugrahani, Viona Widya Anwaruddin Hisyam Anwaruddin Hisyam Arief Budiman Arief Budiman Arief Budiman Ashroful In'am Atuzzuhro, Qoni' Ayu Fadilah Wahid Aza Putri Anisa Bachtiar, Achmad Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Barita, Asyera Dewi Bayu Triwibowo Cahya Wulandari Catur Rini Widyastuti, Catur Rini Chafidz, Achmad Daniel Setiyo Nugroho Daniel Setiyo Nugroho, Daniel Setiyo Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti Dewi Trisnani Dhoni Hartanto Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji Dody Herdian Saputra Riyadi Dody Herdian Saputra Riyadi Dwi Fibriyani Dwi Widjanarko Evi Widowati Fathoni, Ahmad Afwan Fauzi, Dinda Adelia Fazlena Hamzah Fazlena Hamzah Fera Arinta Fidyawati, F Fitra Aulia Rahma H Hadiyanto Hadikawuryan, Danang Subarkah Hamzah, Fazlena Handri Rama Pradani Haniif Prasetiawan Hardi Suyitno Harumi Veny Harumi Veny Heri Yudiono I. Istadi Ichwan, Rizky Imam Novrizal Aji Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya Irene Nindita Pradnya Jannah, Reni Ainun Khoiroh, Ianatul Kun, Stefania Orance Kusuma, Andre Dianata Hogi Laila, Rachma Akmila Lestari, Yanesti Nur Avianda Loveyanto, Rendy Okta M Nasikin Maftukhaturrizqiyah, Maftukhaturrizqiyah Maksiola, Masni Megawati Megawati Mezaki, Naufal Mudrik Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Mohamad Nor, Nur Fatin Syafiqah Muhammad Fikri Al Ghifari Muhammad Zarin Amin Zainal Muhd Rodhi, Miradatul Najwa Mustofa Mustofa Mutaqin, Afrizal Mai Nadya Alfa Cahaya Imani Nana Kariada Trimartuti Nathaniela, Regina Marsha Nina Hartini Nina Hartini Nindita, Ariana Eka Nur Qudus Oktafiani Oktafiani, Oktafiani Oktafiani, Oktafiani Oktafiani, Oktafiani Pradnya, Irene Nindita Prima Astuti Handayani Purwana, Yulian Candra Putri, Silvia Nouvelia Putut Marwoto Rachmadi, Moch Faizal Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Rahmah, Aisyah Khalimatur Rahmat, Sultan Aulia Reshita Amalia Ramadhani Reshita Amalia Ramadhani Ria Wulansarie, Ria Rini Kusumawardani, Rini Riza Mazidu Sholihin Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rr. Dewi Artanti Putri, Rr. Dewi Artanti S Mursiti S., Syifa Azzahra Putri Sabirin Matsjeh Salsabila, Anida Salsabila, Annisa Putri Santi Wijayanti, Dwi Gansar Sarina Sulaiman Sazali, Rozana Azrina Siti Salwa Azzahra Nurazizah Nuruljannah Sunyoto Sunyoto Suryo Purwono Sutrisno, Akhmad Syah, Ahmad Faiz Armiano Syamrizal, Zakky Syarifatur Richana Syarifatur Richana Syifa Karimah Tyas Samesti Ummi Nur Laila Sulistyani Veny, Harumi Wandah Wibawanto Wara Dyah Pita Rengga Wicaksono, Dino Widi Astuti Widya Hary Cahyati Wijayanti, Reni Titis Wulandari, Ajeng Riswanti Wulansari, Durroti Zuhriah Zakaria, Zainul Akmar