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Journal : Yustisia

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN UNDER INDONESIA’S PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (PTAs) I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Yustisia Vol 8, No 2: August 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v8i2.24594

Abstract

International trade has resulted positive impacts, such as alleviating poverty and increasing jobs. All countries then start concluding trade agreements multilaterally, regionally and bilaterally. The existence of preferential trade agreements is increasingly significant due to the deadlock of multilateral trade agreements. Although providing benefits, international trade has adversely affected environment. Some international treaties suggest how countries should include environmental concern in their PTAs. Unlike traditional PTAs, most of modern PTAs have incorporated environmental concern, reconciling the goal of trade liberalization and environmental protection. In Indonesia, there is a link between international trade and environmental harm. This article aims to show the existing Indonesia’s PTAs, analysing how Indonesia has put, and how it should put environmental concern in its PTAs. This article argues that only a few Indonesia’s PTAs have incorporated environmental concern in their provisions. Moreover, when they include environmental concern, there is no further elaboration on how this process should be undertaken. Compare to other existing PTAs, Indonesia should start incorporating environmental concern in its PTAs, and then allow the right of government to impose protective measure in order to preserve environment. 
CAN INDONESIA INVOKE PUBLIC MORALS EXCEPTION UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) FOR PROHIBITING CROSS-BORDER GAMBLING? I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Yustisia Vol 7, No 2: August 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v7i2.19914

Abstract

Under the WTO, Indonesia is obliged to liberalize its markets through establishing the schedule that comprise a list of services that can be either opened or closed to foreign suppliers.  However, Indonesia’s schedule is vague as to whether gambling services are closed to foreign suppliers. Through this loophole, the practice of cross-border gambling services has been rampant, resulting in some consequences, especially those related to money laundering and underage gambling. Tackling this problem, Indonesia could apply public morals exception that allows member states to impose trade prohibition. By using public morals exception that was applied in some WTO cases, this article explores the way in which Indonesia could justify prohibiting cross-border gambling services. This article claims that Indonesia has a justification to impose public morals exception under the WTO to prohibit cross-border gambling services within its territory because the prohibition would be designed to protect public morals; it would be necessary to protect public morals; and the prohibition would equally apply  to both foreign and local suppliers in cross-border gambling services in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Adyt Dimas Prasaja Utama Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Kartini Irawan Astari, Ramadhan Bagus Made Bama Anandika Berata Cahaya, Bunga Lily Dewi, Ni Luh Putu Ratih Sukma Dewi, Ni Luh Sri Mahendra Dharma Bakti, I Gede Alvin Dwi Atmaja, Bima Kumara Elizabeth Sefanya Roulina Fayza Bratanova Soebroto Horatius, Bryan Regis I Dewa Gede Palguna I Gede Pasek Eka Wisanjaya I Gede Putu Putra Wibawa I Gust i Ngurah Wairocana I Gusti Agung Ngurah Dwija Iswara Aditya Ningrat I Gusti Ayu Putri Kartika, I Gusti Ayu I Made Budi Arsika I Nyoman Suyatna I WAYAN WINDIA Ida Bagus Erwin Ranawijaya Ida Bagus Wyasa Putra Ika Widi Astuti, Ika Widi Jati, Gusti Bagus Krisna Arum Jesica Winanda Leksono Putri Jessi Grasiela Putri Bengngu Kadek Agus Sudiarawan Kadek Nicky Novita Kent Revelino Chandra Komang Eky Saputra Luh Putu Gita Dharmaningtyas Made Gde Subha Karma Resen Made Suksma Prijandhini Devi Salain Mohammad Qadam Shah Mohammad Qadam Shah Nadine Arieta Ravinka Nadirsyah Hosen Naufal Nafie Ramadhan Ni Gusti Ayu Dyah Satyawati Ni Gusti Ayu Dyah Satyawati Ni Putu Ari Putri Pertiwi Ni Putu Devy Handayani Pande Yogantara Pratiwi, Agustina Ni Made Ayu Darma Priskila, Jennifer Gracia Purwani, Sagung Putri ME Putra, I Made Agus Sunadi Putu Gede Arya Sumertayasa Putu Tantry Octaviani Putu Tuni Cakabawa Landra Qadam Shah, Muhammad R. Caesalino Wahyu Putra R.A. Tuty Kuswardhani Ramaputra, Gede Angga Wirabhuwana Rosariani, Putu Eka Savitri, Pande Luh Made Devi Shah, Mohammad Qadam Shara, Made Cinthya Puspita Stephanie Maarty K Satyarini Venditha Velicia