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Journal : Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews

Cytotoxic Activities and Expression of Protein p53 and Bcl-2 Extract and Fraction of Inggu Leaf (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) to T47D Breast Cancer Cells Ariasti, Mia; Titik Sunarni; Wiwin Herdwiani
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i2.538

Abstract

Inggu leaves are plants that have been traditionally used as an alternative to cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of extracts, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and inggu leaf n-hexane fraction (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) on T47D cells and to determine the effect of protein expression of P53 and Bcl-2 genes on inggu leaf active fraction (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers). Extract was obtained through maceration method with ethanol 96% solvent. Ethanol extract was then fractionated with liquid-liquid partition. Cytotoxic tests were performed using T47D breast cancer cells and Vero cells with the MTT assay test method and read the absorbance on ELISA reader. To determine the effect of expression of p53 and Bcl-2, an immunocytochemistry test was carried out. The results showed that the n-hexane extract and fraction of inggu leaves had cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 54,210 and 84,118 µg/mL, while the fraction of water and ethyl acetate fractions had no cytotoxic activity with IC50 value > 100 µg / ml. Inggu leaf extract (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) is able to increase the expression of p53 and inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 at concentrations of 30,19-45,54 µg/mL and n-hexane fraction can increase the expression of p53 and can inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 at concentration 49,96-75,82 µg/mL.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Pharmaceutical Service Standards at the Keerom District Health Center, Indonesia Imba, Farhan; Wiwin Herdwiani; Tri Wijayanti
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i2.545

Abstract

Pharmaceutical services are an integral part of health services that focus on optimizing drug use to achieve optimal therapeutic results. Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 73 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards at Health Centers is a reference in providing quality pharmaceutical services. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards at the Keerom District Health Center. This research uses a descriptive method. Data was collected through questionnaires and observation sheets at 6 Health Centers in Keerom District. Data were analyzed using SPSS to calculate percentages and average values. The research results show that the level of implementation of pharmaceutical service standards at the Keerom District Health Center is in the good category with an average value of 78-84%. The categories with the highest scores are the pharmaceutical preparation management category (84%) and the drug information services category (82%). The category with the lowest score is the quality assurance category (78%). In conclusion, the overall implementation of pharmaceutical service standards at the Keerom District Health Center has reached the good category. Improvement efforts need to be made in several categories, such as quality assurance, to achieve optimal pharmaceutical services.