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Journal : Medula

Penerapan DNA Rekombinan Dalam Terapi Gen Ardandi, Rofi Yoga; Nurhaliza, Suci; Poty, Pitha Maykania; Sha, Nindy Putri; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 14 No 5 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i5.930

Abstract

Recombinant DNA technology is the fusion of genetic material from two different sources. Recombinant DNA refers to combining genetic material from two different sources to create a new organism or to produce a specific protein. The main purpose of genetic recombination is to produce more evolved and adapted organisms, as well as develop biotechnology strategies, such as recombinant protein production. This technology is applied in clinical and medicine such as vaccines. Recombinant vaccines are made by utilizing recombinant DNA technology, which is a gene cloning technique that is modified to produce the specific protein product sought. Gene cloning is a procedure by which foreign DNA or genes are inserted into a host cell using a vector. Gene cloning involves the insertion of a gene of interest into a vector, resulting in the creation of recombinant DNA that can replicate within the host cell, an example being the SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine. Oncolytic virus, Gendicine, Modified Virus Ankara (MVA) are recombinant DNA technologies for cancer therapy. The advantages of this therapy are its ability to form new combinations of genetic material by insertion of molecules; DNA recombination technology allows the production of large quantities of certain protein molecules, which can be used in the manufacture of drugs; the production of therapeutic substances by strains of organisms can be achieved through the use of recombinant DNA technology; drugs that have unique properties that are difficult or impossible to obtain through traditional approaches can be made through DNA recombination; and DNA recombination plays an important role in drug manufacturing by facilitating the synthesis of therapeutic molecules important for human health. The disadvantages are that it has a negative impact on the environment, requires strict supervision to ensure safety and security, and ethical controversies. This technology has many benefits, but it is necessary to consider some of the disadvantages and adverse effects that can be caused.
Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1 Fauziani, Andra Nabila; Adelia, Anggi; Ardika, Okta Besti; Himayani, Rani; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 14 No 3 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i3.946

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition with an increasing incidence worldwide. Not only does it occur in adults, but the incidence rate in children is also quite high. Type-1 DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to pancreatic gland cell damage. Although it can occur at any age, type-1 DM most commonly appears in adolescence with a peak onset around puberty. Diabetes mellitus is often caused by genetic factors and a person's lifestyle. Symptoms of Type 1 DM in children are the same as in adults: polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and nocturia, weight loss, and about a third suffer from diabetic ketoacidosis. Complications of diabetes can be divided into microvascular and macrovascular. Microvascular complications include nervous system damage (neuropathy), renal system damage (nephropathy) and eye damage (retinopathy), but can also affect cognitive function, heart and other organs. HbA1c screening is recommended every 3 to 6 months. HbA1c levels reflect glycemic control over the previous 2-3 months. The target HbA1c is generally <7.0%. Other laboratory tests include lipid profile, serum creatinine, eGFR, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Management of Type 1 DM includes insulin injection, blood sugar monitoring, nutrition, physical activity, and education. The goal of insulin therapy is to ensure that insulin levels in the body are sufficient for 24 hours to meet metabolic needs due to the glycemic effect of food.
Review Literature: Relationship of Food Intake and the Incidence of Dyspepsia Syndrome in Medical Students Napitupulu, Cindy Cecilia Anasthasya; Rahmanisa, Soraya; Happy, Terza Aflika; Sari, Ratna Dewi Puspita
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1443

Abstract

Dyspepsia syndrome is a digestive disorder characterized by symptoms such as epigastric pain, burning, bloating and nausea. In Indonesia, the prevalence is high, with most cases classified as functional dyspepsia. In medical students, poor and irregular diets are common due to academic pressure, busy schedules, and unhealthy lifestyles, which are thought to be the main risk factors for dyspepsia. These habits are further exacerbated by the consumption of unhealthy foods, such as fast food, as well as the habit of eating at irregular times. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between diet and the incidence of dyspepsia syndrome in medical students in Indonesia through a literature review. A literature search was conducted online using Google Scholar with the keywords “dyspepsia syndrome,” “medical student dyspepsia syndrome,” and “medical student diet.” Of the 635 articles found, 16 were screened based on relevance of content, availability of full text, use of Indonesian language, and time of publication within the last 5 years. Five relevant articles were selected for further review. The review showed a significant association between disordered eating patterns and the incidence of dyspeptic syndrome. Habitual skipping of breakfast, consumption of fast food, eating under stressful conditions, and lack of balanced nutritional intake contributed to the risk of dyspepsia. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of health education on regular diet, stress management, and healthy lifestyle to prevent dyspepsia syndrome and improve the quality of life of medical students.
Fotokimia dan Farmakologi Daun Alpukat (Persea americana mill.) pada Aktivitas Antihipertensi Husnandari, Aqila; Carolia, Novita; Putri, Giska Tri; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 15 No 1 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i1.1246

Abstract

Hypertension is the number one generative disease in the world that has blood pressure of more than 140/90 mmHg. Hypertension without therapy will become chronic and complicated. Therapy carried out for a long period of time causes a fairly high risk factor so that herbal therapy becomes an alternative. This literature review aims to determine the photochemistry and pharmacology of avocado leaves (Persea americana mill.) On antihypertensive activity. Photochemistry contained in avocado leaves can lower blood pressure in the form of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. The method used is to review journal articles that have been published in Google Scholar and Pubmed. Using keywords such as "photochemistry, pharmacology, avocado leaves, and antihypertensive activity" 231 scientific articles and journals were obtained. This review article uses 10 selected scientific articles and journals. Experimental studies show that there are pharmacological functions that fight hypertension, which means that they can lower blood pressure.
Kelainan Genetik Pada Down Syndrome Cahyana, Adinda Husna; Syachrani , Fayza; Maharani , Mentari Putri; Himayani, Rani; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 15 No 2 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i2.926

Abstract

Down syndrome (SD) is a common and easily recognized genetic disorder. In the genetic disorder trisomy or SD, there is an extra chromosome on chromosome 21. This chromosome causes the production of certain proteins in excessive amounts, thus disrupting the normal growth of the organism and causing changes in brain development. The estimated incidence of SD is one in 800-1000 births. The incidence of SD in the world is 10 per 10,000 live births, and in recent years this figure has increased. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are around 8 million SD sufferers worldwide. In Indonesia itself, the prevalence of SD is 1 per 600 live births. Down syndrome is a condition where the sufferer has retarded physical and mental development due to abnormal chromosome development. Chromosomes contain genetic material that determines human characteristics, so that some children with Down syndrome will usually experience mental disabilities, whether mild or moderate.
Resistensi Antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Literature Review Syarif, Muhammad Reza; Kurniawaty, Evi; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 14 No 8 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i8.1324

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative aerobic bacterium. This bacterium often causes infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. This bacterium usually causes opportunistic infections and plays an important role in nosocomial infections. Treatment and eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are very difficult because the mutation of this bacterium occurs rapidly and this bacterium is easily adaptable, causing high rates of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria included in the MDR ESKAPE pathogen group by WHO. This article is a literature review that examines several literatures to be made into a discussion and conclusion. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to various types of antibiotics through 3 mechanisms, namely intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive. This bacterium has minimal nutritional needs and can tolerate various temperatures, this is one of the strengthening factors for antibiotic resistance to this bacterium. WHO includes this bacterium in the critical list because of its resistance to carbapenem antibiotics. Research shows high resistance of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems, quinolones, and aztreonam. While piperacillin and tazobactam are the most effective antibiotics for this bacteria. Many classes of antibiotics have become resistant to this bacteria, so that renewal is needed in the line of treatment for infections by P. aeruginosa. Therefore, wise and rational use of antibiotics is needed so that the number of antibiotic resistance, especially to this bacteria, does not increase.
Factors Affecting Academic Stress in Medical Students Literature Review Nirwan, Qurratul Aini; Rahmanisa, Soraya; Daulay, Suryani Agustina; Sari, Ratna Dewi Puspita
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1444

Abstract

A student is an individual who studies at a higher education institution. A medical student is a student who requires dedication and undergoes significant pressure to complete their studies. Medical students are highly vulnerable to academic stress. Stress is a threatening state experienced by an individual, while a stressor is the source of stress. Academic stress occurs when students face academic pressure, such as intensive learning activities. Stressors that can contribute to academic stress include exams, practical sessions, assignments, and time constraints that must be managed within a short period. Academic stress impacts mental health, which in turn affects students' academic performance. Stress induced by psychological pressure causes changes in the body, resulting in two types of responses: slow and fast responses. These responses are linked to two physiological systems: the sympathetic adrenomedullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal  HPA   axis. Several factors influence academic stress in medical students, including self-efficacy, hardiness, optimism, achievement motivation, procrastination, and social support. High self-efficacy helps students manage stress, while hardiness strengthens their resilience in facing pressure. Optimism and achievement motivation contribute to students' ability to recover from failure and stay focused on their goals. Conversely, procrastination worsens stress due to delays in completing tasks. Social support from family, friends, and institutions plays a crucial role in reducing stress by providing a sense of security and emotional balance for students.