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All Journal Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, dan Sains The Southeast Asia Law Journal Unes Law Review BINAMULIA HUKUM JURNAL ILMIAH M-PROGRESS JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Transparansi Hukum KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Literatus Jurnal Hukum Sasana FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies Action Research Literate (ARL) IBLAM Law Review Jurnal Hukum Sehasen Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR) Strata Social and Humanities Studies Jurnal Teknologi Industri JURNAL MITRA MANAJEMEN MALA IN SE : JURNAL HUKUM PIDANA, KRIMINOLOGI DAN VIKTIMOLOGI Binamulia Hukum
Niru Anita Sinaga
Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma
Religion Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Tinjauan Yuridis Klausul Take or Pay dan Gas Make Up dalam Kontrak Jual Beli Gas di Indonesia serta Akibat Hukumnya Krisologus, Petrus; Sinaga, Niru Anita; Sudarto, Sudarto
LITERATUS Vol 7 No 1 (2025): International Socio-Cultural Scientific Journal
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/lit.v7i1.1992

Abstract

Sale and purchase is a business activity aimed at seeking profit. In a sales transaction, there is a party selling goods and another party buying them according to the agreement. The take-or-pay contract is a sales agreement with a condition where the buyer is obliged to take a minimum quantity within a certain period, or even if the buyer does not take or takes less than the required minimum quantity, the buyer still has to pay the seller the price of the minimum quantity. Gas make-up is the buyer's right to take a certain volume of gas that has been paid for as a result of the take-or-pay arrangement. In practice, there are still disputes in the application of this clause due to the presence of significant factors beyond the control of the parties in its fulfilment. Therefore, further research will be conducted on the regulation of the take-or-pay clause and gas make-up in gas sales contracts in Indonesia and the legal consequences of the application of the take-or-pay clause and gas make-up in gas sales contracts in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is the normative juridical research method. The research findings reveal the regulation of the take-or-pay clause and gas make-up in gas sales contracts in Indonesia, including special/specific sales agreements. Sales agreements with the take-or-pay contract clause and gas make-up can be applied/implemented as long as there is an agreement by the parties because they do not conflict with the positive law in force in Indonesia, do not violate public order and decency, and are even in line with Article 1493 of the Civil Code. The legal consequence of the application of the take-or-pay clause and gas make-up in gas sales contracts in Indonesia is that the buyer still has to pay for the goods that were not taken, and the seller must provide the gas make-up during the contract period. Based on the research results, for improvement, new regulations related to the take-or-pay clause and gas make-up in gas sales contracts are to be made in the Law, legislation, government regulations, and the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation in accordance with the applicable rules and the legislators, government regulations, and the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation to provide certainty on the take-or-pay clause and gas make-up in gas sales contracts, especially when the gas has not passed the upstream delivery point.
The Philosophical Function of Contracts in Realizing Justice Niru Anita Sinaga
Strata Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): October
Publisher : CV. Strata Persada Academia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59631/sshs.v1i2.106

Abstract

This research aims to determine and discuss the philosophical function of a contract to realize justice. Therefore, what things must be fulfilled so that the philosophical function of the contract in realizing justice for the parties can be carried out is also included in the objectives of this research. This type of research is normative juridical research, using secondary data obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal material sources. The results of this research reveal that contracts have a fundamental philosophical function, namely realizing the value of justice in the social and economic order in society by facilitating, accommodating and regulating the contractual legal relationships of the parties in which there are balanced rights and obligations. In other words, contracts also function as legal instruments to eliminate or at least reduce imbalances in the social and economic order in society, especially in contracts made by parties as citizens or part of society.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF PARTIES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-BASED MONEY LENDING AND BORROWING SERVICE CONTRACTS OR PEER-TO-PEER LENDING Febriansyah, Indria; Sinaga, Niru Anita
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), June 2025
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v6i3.427

Abstract

Legal Protection for Parties in Information Technology-Based Money Lending and Borrowing Service (LPMUBTI) or Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending Contracts in Indonesia. P2P Lending is a financial technology innovation that enables lenders and borrowers to transact directly without the intermediation of traditional financial institutions. Despite providing ease of access to financing, P2P Lending also presents various legal risks, such as imbalances in rights and obligations within contracts, misuse of personal data, and the proliferation of illegal platforms. This research employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and analyzes the regulations of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), particularly POJK Number 77/POJK.01/2016. The research findings indicate that although P2P Lending regulations are quite comprehensive, their implementation still faces various challenges, including low financial literacy among the public and weak supervision of illegal platforms. To create a fair, safe, and sustainable P2P Lending ecosystem, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, increase financial literacy, and provide more effective legal protection for lenders and borrowers. The recommendations provided include stricter law enforcement against illegal platforms, contract transparency, and education for the public regarding their rights as users of P2P Lending services.
FUNGSI FILOSOFIS, YURIDIS DAN EKONOMIS KONTRAK DALAM DUNIA BISNIS Sinaga, Niru Anita
JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA Vol 15 No 2 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS DIRGANTARA MARSEKAL SURYADARMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35968/jihd.v15i2.1604

Abstract

Aktivitas bisnis dilaksanakan berdasarkan perikatan yang timbul dari kontrak, yang senantiasa mengalami perkembangan seiring dinamika globalisasi di bidang ekonomi dan hukum. Pada hakikatnya, kontrak memiliki fungsi utama: Fungsi filosofis, yuridis, dan ekonomis. Kontrak bertujuan mewujudkan keadilan, kepastian hukum, serta kemanfaatan. Perancangan kontrak memerlukan keahlian dan mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan, ketertiban umum, kebiasaan, dan kesusilaan. Dalam kontrak terkandung prinsip pacta sunt servanda, yang bermakna ”janji harus ditepati” atau ”janji merupakan utang”, sehingga para pihak diharapkan melaksanakan segala yang disepakati. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya, kontrak tidak selalu berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, kerap menimbulkan sengketa yang memerlukan mekanisme hukum untuk menyelesaikannya secara efektif dan adil. Rumusan masalah: Bagaimana peranan kontrak dalam dunia bisnis? dan Bagaimana penerapan fungsi filosofis, yuridis dan ekonomis kontrak dalam dunia bisnis? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa peranan kontrak dalam dunia bisnis memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting, yaitu fungsi filosofis, yuridis, dan ekonomis. Fungsi-fungsi tersebut diterapkan dalam rangka mencapai maksud dan tujuan pembuatan kontrak. Penerapan fungsi-fungsi kontrak ditempuh dengan berbagai cara, seperti: Peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai aspek-aspek penting dalam kontrak; Penyusunan kontrak yang baik dan komprehensif; Pelatihan dan edukasi kepada pihak-pihak terkait; Pemanfaatan teknologi; Pemahaman mengenai fungsi dan tujuan kontrak secara utuh; serta Penegakan hukum yang efektif dan berkeadilan.
Implementation Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) in Bankruptcy Process in Indonesia Putra, Agung Pratama; Sinaga, Niru Anita; Sudarto, Sudarto
FOCUS Vol 6 No 2 (2025): FOCUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i2.2056

Abstract

Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) is a legal mechanism that aims to provide debtors with the opportunity to restructure debts and avoid bankruptcy by preparing a peace plan agreed to by creditors, as stipulated in Law Number 37 of 2004. However, in practice, PKPU in Indonesia does not always run effectively due to various obstacles that arise, including liquidity difficulties and legal pressure from creditors who continue to file homologation cancellation lawsuits and criminal reports against debtors. This research aims to analyze the implementation of PKPU in the bankruptcy process and identify the obstacles faced, with a normative and empirical legal approach through a case study of PT Mahkota Properti Indo Senayan and PT Mahkota Properti Indo Permata. The results of the study indicate that although PKPU can provide a way out of the threat of bankruptcy, its implementation is often hampered by the lack of post-homologation supervision and adequate legal protection for debtors. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening regulations and increasing supervision so that PKPU can become an effective instrument in debt restructuring and supporting the stability of debtors' businesses.
Aspek Hukum Kesepakatan Jual Beli Melalui Mesin Jual Beli Otomatis (Vending Machine) Dari Perspektif Hukum Perdata Sinaga, Niru Anita; Atmoko, Dwi
Action Research Literate Vol. 8 No. 11 (2024): Action Research Literate
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/arl.v8i11.2355

Abstract

Pada dasarnya transaksi dengan menggunakan mesin jual beli otomatis (Vending Machine) tidak mengharuskan penjualnya menunggu seharian seperti penjual biasanya di pasar. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjual produk minuman tersebut, konsumen harus melakukannya sendiri dengan cara memasukan uang yang sesuai dengan harga yang telah ditentukan. pada umumnya harga pada minuman yang dijual pada Vending Machine sama dengan harga pasar pada umumnya, tetapi terdapat juga Vending Machine yang menyediakan berbagai macam pada mesin tersebut. Pemenuhan suatu prestasi dalam perjanjian jual beli melalui mesin jual otomatis (vending machine) layaknya penjual dan pembeli pada umumnya berdasarkan hak dan kewajiban masing-masing pihak yaitu saat penjual yang menjual produknya melalui mesin jual otomatis (vending machine) menyerahkan hak milik atas barang yang diperjualbelikan tersebut dengan cara mengeluarkan barang yang sudah dibeli dan pihak konsumen atau pembeli adalah membayar harga dari produk yang dibeli melalui mesin jual otomatis (vending machine) yang pembayaran terhadap produk yang dibeli itu dengan cara memasukkan uang ke dalam mesin tersebut sesuai dengan harga produk yang terdapat di dalam mesin jual otomatis (vending machine). Suatu keadaan wanprestasi bisa terjadi saat konsumen atau pembeli memasukkan uang dalam hal ini membayar barang yang yang akan dibelinya, tetapi barang tersebut tidak keluar dan tidak diserahkan kepada pembeli. Selain itu juga produk yang dikeluarkan melalui mesin jual otomatis (vending machine) tersebut dalam keadaan cacat produk. Hal ini tentu saja menimbulkan akibat atau dampak hukum karena tidak tercapainya kesepakatan antara kedua belah pihak, dimana salah satu pihak tidak mendapatkan hak sebagaimana yang diperjanjikan sebelumnya
Co-Authors , Budi Prayitno Achmad, Fariz Afdal Afdal, Afdal Anggraeni Rosliana Dewi Atmoko, Dwi Basuki Rekso Wibowo Bernard Brando Yustisio Darwis, Nurlely Diding Rahmat Dwi Atmoko Dwi Retno Astuty ENDAH KUSUMAWATI Endra Wirawan Eny Noviyanti Fauzie Yusuf Hasibuan Febriansyah, Indria Ferdian, Muhammad Gaol, Selamat Lumban Harry Samuel Indah Sari Krisologus, Petrus Mardenis Mardianis Mardianis Mardianis Mardianis, Mardianis Nunuk Sulisrudatin Nurwanto Pasaribu , Jandiman Bernando Putra, Agung Pratama Riko Nugraha Rischad Widianto Siregar ROCHMAWATI Sri Astuti Sri Gambir Melati Hatta Stevan Saro Zebua Subhan Zein Sgn Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sujono Sujono Sujono Suwarjono, Agus Teguh, Ady Tiberius Zaluchu Yusriansyah Zahra, Laila Zein, Subhan