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Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Technology in Cocoa Pod Borer Pest Control: A Case Study in West Sulawesi Herman .; Parulina Hutagaol; Suharjono H Sutjahjo; Aunu Rauf; D. S Priyarsono
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 22 No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v22i3.44

Cocoa pod borer is one of the most difficult pests to be controlled, hence it becomes serious threat for sustainable cocoa plantation. The objective of the research is to investigate several factors influencing adoption of innovation technology in pest control by using regression model analysis. The research was carried out in Polewali Mamasa and Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi during February March 2006 using survey method. Number of respondents interviewed in the research was 80 people which was selected by using purposive sampling method. The result shows that CPB in West Sulawesi decreased cocoa productivity 50% (10—90%), caused by less of farmers coordination in controlling CPB and the slowness of technology adoption. Factors which influence farmer's knowledge are provision of field school, farmers income and simplicity of the technology. Factors which influence farmer's attitude are farmer's income knowledge, cultivated cocoa area, provision farmer's group and number of family members. Factors which influence farmer action in PsPSP technology adoption is farmer attitude, farmer income, cultivated cocoa area and availability of extension workers in that area. Government’s involvement in accelerating adoption of innovation technology, especially in preparing capable extension workers and provision of subsidized credit for the farmers is inevitable. Key words: cocoa pod borer, adoption of technology, sustainable cacao plantation, Government’s involvement, West Sulawesi

Suppression of the Cassava Mealybug Populations, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) By Natural Enemies Fanani, Muhammad Zainal; Rauf, Aunu; Maryana, Nina; Nurmansyah, Ali; Hindayana, Dadan; Rahayu, Arifah; Setyono, S.; Roestamy, Martin
ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2024): AJSE: September 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ajse.v4i2.72573

The most dominant mealybug species found on cassava is Phenacoccus manihoti. Parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi is a biological agent of P. manihoti in many countries. Monitoring the incidence and population of mealybug and the percentage of parasitization were done, as well as the population of ants and predator insects for 12 consecutive months. The highest incidence and attack rate of mealybugs were 26 and 64%, respectively, during the dry season. A. lopezi was able to suppress the population of P. manihoti between 2-17 individuals per plant with a parasitization rate varied from 12 to 46%. Our study showed that the parasitization rate of A. lopezi increased significantly with the increase in mealybug density. Predators P. ramburi and C. montrouzieri were found in low populations and have not had a significant impact on the mealybug population. Our study demonstrated the important role of natural enemies in suppressing the mealybug population on cassava

Kutudaun (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada gulma di sekitar lahan pertanian di Jawa Barat beserta kunci identifikasinya Maharani, Yani; Hidayat, Purnama; Rauf, Aunu; Maryana, Nina
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.68

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are considered as one the most important pest in the world. Some species of aphids were reported as serious pests and plant virus vectors, especially on horticultural crops. Weeds in the agricultural area can serve as an alternative hosts for some aphids which are plant pests or plant virus vectors. The objective of this research was to identify aphid species of weeds in the agricultural production area in West Java and to provide the identification key. Aphids collection was done on the weeds in the agricultural fields in 9 districts of West Java. Aphids were collected from 13 species (5 families) of weeds. The identification of aphid was peformed based on the adult specimens. The research manased to come up with 12 species of aphid on weeds. Three of the 12 collected species were Epameibaphis frigidae (Oestlund), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Pseudaphis sijui (Eastop) has never been reported in West Java. Six species were known as vectors of plant viruses in agricultural crops. The most commonly found aphid species was Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in the yard grass (Eleusine indica).

Biologi, neraca hayati, dan pemangsaan Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) pada Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Wahyuningsih, Eka; Rauf, Aunu; Santoso, Sugeng
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.16.1.18

Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest that was detected for the first time in Indonesia in 2008. One of the common natural enemies is the predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The research was conducted with the objectives to determine the biology, life table parameters, and predation of C. montrouzieri on P. marginatus. Observation of biological and life table parameters and predation was conducted by introducing the predators into Petri dishes containing mealybugs. Eggs of C. montrouzieri hatched in 4.35 days. Mean developmental periods for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae were 4.23; 4.21; 5.84; 5.93 days, respectively. The mean pre-pupal and pupal periods were 1.95 and 7.55 days, respectively. The longevity of male adults was 51.34 days, while that of females was 83.39 days. The number of eggs laid by a single female averaged 198.49. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 117.11 individu/female/generation, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.073 individu/female/day, mean generation time (T) was 64.776 days, doubling time (Dt) was 9.426 days, and finite rate of increase (Î») was 1.076 per day. The 4th instar larvae of C. montrouzieri was the most voracious with numbers of P. marginatus eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd instar nymphs or adults consumed were 188.0; 53.4; 44.0; 26.8; or 15.6; respectively. Manly's preference index suggested that larvae, as well as adults of C. montrouzieri, preferred eggs and 1st instar nymphs of P. marginatus over other mealybug stages. Our study indicates the high potential of C. montrouzieri in the biological control of P. marginatus.

Masa hidup imago, progeni, dan kemampuan parasitisasi Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid kutu putih singkong Maharani, Juwita Suri; Rauf, Aunu; Maryana, Nina
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 3 (2019): November
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.16.3.138

Parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced from Thailand into Indonesia in early 2014 to control the invasive cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Research was conducted in laboratory with the objectives to determine effect of honey on adult longevity, to study fecundity, progeny production, and sex ratio, and to evaluate effect of increased host density to parasitization. Studies were carried out by exposing 3rd instar nymphs of mealybug to parasitoids. Effect of honey on adult longevity was done in the absence of hosts. Fecundity was measured by the number of mummies formed. Results showed that adult females lived for 3.7 days, while males lived for 3.2 days when only provided water. Adult longevity increased significantly when honey was provided. Parasitoids with access to 50% honey lived almost six to nine fold longer than those provided water. Over its adult life, A. lopezi parasitized 96–287 mealybugs with an average of 203.7 or 34.6% of hosts were parasitized, and 24.86% were killed through host feeding. Development from egg to adult emergence required 17.97 and 17.67 days for males and females respectively. The average number of offspring produced per female was 88.8 individuals, of which 56.9% were females. The number of hosts parasitized at densities varying from 2–100 cassava mealybugs corresponded to a type III functional response.

Jasa penyerbukan serangga pengunjung bunga pada pertanaman stroberi di Ciwidey, Bandung Masyitah, Siti; Rauf, Aunu; Maryana, Nina; Kahono, Sih
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 2 (2019): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.16.2.115

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) is a horticultural crop whose pollination partly depends on insects. Study was conducted in a strawberry field in Ciwidey-Bandung, with the objective to assess the contribution of flower-visiting insects to strawberry pollination. In this study, the contribution was assessed by pollinators abundance, duration of visits to flower, and pollination efficiency i.e. number of developed achenes, fruit weight and size, and ripening time. The study recorded four most frequent strawberry flower visiting insects which were two hoverfly species: Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.) (47.3%) and Melanostoma sp. (33.8%); and two bee species: Lasioglossum sp. (7.0%) and Asian honey bee Apis cerana Fabricius (5.3%). Duration of visit per flower by the hoverflies was 7.75–10,00 minutes and by the bees was 0.25–0.79 minutes. Fruits developed from flowers that had received a single visit by each insect species had more number of developed achenes (1.6-1.8 times), higher fruit weight (1.8–2.3 times), bigger fruit size (1.2–1.3 times), and shorter ripening time (1–3 days), compared to those fruits developed from flowers not visited by the insect. The presence of bees and hoverflies play an important contribution to strawberry pollination in Ciwidey. Our findings have implications for increasing strawberry yield through management of insect pollinators.

DINAMIKA POPULASI KUTU PUTIH Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) DAN MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA TANAMAN SINGKONG Fanani, Muhammad Zainal; Rauf, Aunu; Maryana, Nina; Nurmansyah, Ali; Hindayana, Dadan
JURNAL AGRONIDA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Agronida
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jag.v10i1.12629

Kutu putih Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang paling dominan pada tanaman singkong (Manihot esculenta). Hama ini pertama kali terdeteksi di Indonesia pada tahun 2008. Parasitoid Acerophagus papayae Noyes & Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) merupakan agens hayati eksotik yang potensial mengendalikan kutu putih di banyak negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika penekanan populasi P. marginatus oleh musuh alami di lapang. Monitoring dilakukan dengan cara mengamati 50 tanaman contoh setiap bulannya. Peubah yang diamati meliputi insidensi serangan dan populasi kutu putih, persentase parasitasi dan hiperparasitasi serta populasi predator pada tiga kebun singkong selama 12 bulan berturut-turut. Insidensi serangan dan tingkat serangan kutu putih tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 26% dan 64% terjadi pada musim kemarau. Parasitoid A. papayae mampu menekan populasi P. marginatus antara 1-15 ekor per tanaman dengan tingkat parasitisasi 9-16%. Dinamika parasitisasi parasitoid bergantung pada kelimpahan kutu putih di lapangan. Hiperparasitoid yang ditemukan menyerang parasitoid tersebut adalah Chartocerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae) dan Prochiloneurus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Hiperparasitisasi Chartocerus sp. pada A. papayae berkisar 0.87-1.05%, sedangkan hiperparasitisasi Prochiloneurus sp. pada A. papayae berkisar 0.47-1.35% per tanaman. Predator Plesiochrysa ramburi dan Cryptolaemus montrouzieri sangat rendah populasinya di lapangan sehingga tidak memberikan dampak yang nyata terhadap fluktuasi populasi kutu putih.

Species Investigation of Rice Stem Borers and Its Parasitoids on Fallowing Rice Fields at Karawang, Indonesia Anwar, Ruly; Sartiami, Dewi; Rauf, Aunu
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 46, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v46i1.4036

Rice stem borers (RSB) cause the same damage symptoms and occur through the season and time. During the off-season for rice, these stem borers are not well-known. The research aims to determine the effect of fallowing rice on the presence of rice stem borers and their parasitoids, the potential for RSB infestation, and their parasitoid on subsequent rice seedlings in nurseries at Karawang Regency, West Java. Several variables are observed, including the number of rice stem borer larvae on stubbles, egg masses, the percentage of parasitized eggs, and the number of adults of rice stem borer in nurseries. The results show that species of rice stem borer on the fallow rice are Scirpophaga incertulas and Sesamia inferens. The population of S. incertulas is significantly higher on long rice fallow. The height of the paddy stubble at the two locations is not very different. However, the infested stubble in the short fallow period is higher than those in the long fallow. Eggs of S. incertulas whose high percentage hatched and parasitized, are primarily found in nurseries of areas with long fallow. There are three species of parasitoids identified.

Kutudaun (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada gulma di sekitar lahan pertanian di Jawa Barat beserta kunci identifikasinya Maharani, Yani; Hidayat, Purnama; Rauf, Aunu; Maryana, Nina
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.68

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are considered as one the most important pest in the world. Some species of aphids were reported as serious pests and plant virus vectors, especially on horticultural crops. Weeds in the agricultural area can serve as an alternative hosts for some aphids which are plant pests or plant virus vectors. The objective of this research was to identify aphid species of weeds in the agricultural production area in West Java and to provide the identification key. Aphids collection was done on the weeds in the agricultural fields in 9 districts of West Java. Aphids were collected from 13 species (5 families) of weeds. The identification of aphid was peformed based on the adult specimens. The research manased to come up with 12 species of aphid on weeds. Three of the 12 collected species were Epameibaphis frigidae (Oestlund), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Pseudaphis sijui (Eastop) has never been reported in West Java. Six species were known as vectors of plant viruses in agricultural crops. The most commonly found aphid species was Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in the yard grass (Eleusine indica).

Biologi, neraca hayati, dan pemangsaan Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) pada Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Wahyuningsih, Eka; Rauf, Aunu; Santoso, Sugeng
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest that was detected for the first time in Indonesia in 2008. One of the common natural enemies is the predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The research was conducted with the objectives to determine the biology, life table parameters, and predation of C. montrouzieri on P. marginatus. Observation of biological and life table parameters and predation was conducted by introducing the predators into Petri dishes containing mealybugs. Eggs of C. montrouzieri hatched in 4.35 days. Mean developmental periods for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae were 4.23; 4.21; 5.84; 5.93 days, respectively. The mean pre-pupal and pupal periods were 1.95 and 7.55 days, respectively. The longevity of male adults was 51.34 days, while that of females was 83.39 days. The number of eggs laid by a single female averaged 198.49. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 117.11 individu/female/generation, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.073 individu/female/day, mean generation time (T) was 64.776 days, doubling time (Dt) was 9.426 days, and finite rate of increase (Î») was 1.076 per day. The 4th instar larvae of C. montrouzieri was the most voracious with numbers of P. marginatus eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd instar nymphs or adults consumed were 188.0; 53.4; 44.0; 26.8; or 15.6; respectively. Manly's preference index suggested that larvae, as well as adults of C. montrouzieri, preferred eggs and 1st instar nymphs of P. marginatus over other mealybug stages. Our study indicates the high potential of C. montrouzieri in the biological control of P. marginatus.

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