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Pengaruh Asam Lemak Jenuh, Tidak Jenuh dan Asam Lemak Trans terhadap Kesehatan Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 4
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Dewasa ini pola makan modern sering dihubungkan dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol di dalam darah. Tingginya kolesterol darah dapat memicu munculnya penyakit degeneratif seperti stroke dan penyakit jantung koroner. Jenis makanan yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya penyakit degeneratif yaitu makanan yang mengandung asam lemak jenuh dan asam lemak trans. Asam lemak trans memiliki pengaruh hampir 2 kali lipat dalam meningkatkan rasio K-LDL/K-HDL dibandingkan dengan asam lemak jenuh. Perubahan pada rasio kolesterol total/HDL-K atau K-LDL/K-HDL merupakan prediktor CHD (Coronary Heart Disease). Nowadays modern meal pattern is related to the increase of cholesterol level in the blood. The high blood cholesterol can lead to degenerative diseases such as stroke and coronary heart disease. Foods that suspected to influence the occurrence of degenerative diseases are saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid. Trans fatty acid can influence almost twice higher in increasing ratio of K-LDL/K-HDL compared to saturated fatty acid. The change in ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL-K or K-LDL/K-HDL is predictor of coronary heart disease.
Dietary Changes Among Normal and High Blood Pressure Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic Victoria, Bernadette; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi; Putri, Rizti Millva
Kesmas Vol. 18, No. 2
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted adolescents' unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles, leading to an increase in blood pressure and obesity rate. High blood pressure among adolescents is an early indicator of adult hypertension, but this condition has received less attention recently. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in dietary changes among high school students with normal and high blood pressure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in West Lampung District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was used, and the sample population consisted of 167 students aged 14-19 years. The results showed that 43 participants had elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension, accounting for 25.7% of the total population. Among these participants, 14 (32.6%) were found to be overweight and obese. Based on the results, students with high blood pressure were less likely to improve their dietary choices during the COVID-19 pandemic than those with normal blood pressure.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Program Pelayanan Kesehatan Status Gizi Balita Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 2
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Gizi merupakan faktor determinan utama yang berhubungan dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Anak-anak berusia kurang dari lima tahun adalah kelompok rentan untuk masalah gizi dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan faktor status gizi yang paling dominan anak usia dibawah lima tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap sumber data sekunder data riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis multivariat untuk menilai berbagai faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan status nutrisi. Menggunakan berat badan untuk umur, faktor risiko paling dominan adalah diare setelah dikontrol dengan sumber air minum, ketersediaan latrine, status sosioekonomi, ukuran keluarga, gender, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, penyakit saluran napas, pekerjaan ibu dan waktu pemberian air susu ibu sampai dua tahun. Menggunakan tinggi untuk tinggi badan faktor risiko dominan adalah ketersediaan latrines setelah dikendalikan oleh perilaku cuci tangan, status sosial ekonomi, sumber air minum, durasi pemberian ASI sampai dua tahun. Untuk mengatasi masalah gizi pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun dibutuhkan kebijakan yang terfokus memulihkan pertumbuhan dan status kesehatan anak usia di bawah lima tahun dengan korelasi antara program gizi dan program lain, seperti kesehatan lingkungan dan imunisasi. Selain itu, pemerintah harus mengatur peranan posyandu sebagai fasilitas yang membantu pemerintah untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat. Nutrition is one of the major determinant factors related to human resources quality. Under-five years old children are susceptible to nutrition and health problems. The purpose of this study is to identify the most dominant factor of nutritional status of under five children using Riskesdas data in 2007. Multivariate analysis results showed that the risk factor which mostly associated with nutritional status using weight for age was a diarrheal illness after being controlled by the source of drinking water, latrine availability, socio-economic status, family size, gender, utilization of health services, respiratory diseases, maternal employment, and duration of breastfeeding up to 2 years. Using height for age was the availability of latrines after being controlled by hand-washing habits, socioe-conomic status, source of drinking water, duration of breastfeeding up to 2 years, diarrheal disease, family size and gender. Using weight for height was sex after being controlled by age, drinking water sources, distance and time to health services and respiratory disease. To overcome malnourished problem in children under five years old, it is needed to establish a policy focusing on the recovery of the growth and health status for under-five children with correlation between nutrition program and other programs, such as environmental health (clean and healthy life style) and immunization. Beside that, the government should arrange the role of the posyandu as a facility that help government to increase the health status of community.
Prevalensi dan Determinan Kelebihan Berat Badan dan Kegemukan pada Anak Berusia 5-15 Tahun Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 6
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Kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan, suatu keadaan lemak tubuh yang berlebihan, merupakan masalah kesehatan di negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan anak usia 5-15 tahun menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Ditemukan bahwa prevalensi kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan pada anak berusia usia 5-15 tahun masing-masing 7,4% dan 8,3%. Jika dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, riwayat kegemukan ibu, kebiasaan konsumsi buah mingguan, kebiasaan merokok, dan asupan energi, faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kelebihan berat badan (> 85% persentil) anak adalah riwayat kegemukan ayah. Disimpulkan bahwa keturunan merupakan faktor penting kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan pada anak-anak. Program intervensi kesehatan masyarakat sebaiknya ditujukan pada keluarga dan determinan sosial yang difokuskan pada perubahan gaya hidup seperti membiasakan untuk tidak terlalu banyak mengonsumsi makanan tinggi kalori dan gula serta orang tua sebaiknya mengembangkan suatu pola aktivitas fisik anak yang dapat merangsang gerakan olah tubuh. Overweight and obesity, a condition where the amount of body fat is in excess, are health problems in both developed and developing countries including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinant of overweight and obesity in children using 2007 Basic Health Research data. It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 to 15 years old are 7,4% and 8,3%, respectively. If controlled by sex, education level, history of mother’s obesity, weekly habit to consume fruit, smoking habit, and energy intake, the most dominant factor related to children overweight (> 85%) is the history of father’s obesity. It is concluded that genetics are important factors of overweight and obesity in children. Public health intervention should address family and social determinants with a focus on the change in life style i.e not too much eating high calories and sugar and parents should develop physical activity patterns to stimulate their activity.
Penerapan Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi Gizi terhadap Perilaku Sarapan Siswa Sekolah Dasar Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 2
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Sarapan pagi merupakan kegiatan makan yang paling penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi dalam sehari. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE) gizi terhadap perilaku sarapan pagi siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bogor. Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimental, pre-post intervention. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dilakukan kegiatan KIE gizi diperoleh peningkatan skor rata-rata pengetahuan dan perilaku siswa terhadap kebiasaan sarapan pagi (nilai p < 0,05). Media yang digunakan adalah kartu bergambar, kartu kuartet, ular tangga, tebak gambar, teka teki silang (TTS), leaflet, poster, dan lomba cerdas cermat. Peran ibu sebagai penyedia sarapan pagi bagi siswa sangat penting terutama dalam menghindari kebosanan siswa terhadap menu yang disediakan. Sebaiknya pihak sekolah bekerja sama dengan Persatuan Orang Tua Murid dan puskesmas untuk menggiatkan kembali Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah dengan melakukan kegiatan promosi kesehatan bagi ibu/pengasuh siswa, khususnya tentang bagaimana merencanakan menu sarapan pagi yang enak, praktis, dan sehat bagi siswa. Breakfast as the most important meal of the day, contributing substantially to daily nutrient intake and energy needs. This study was conducted to determine the effect of communication, information, and education toward the breakfast behavior of primary school students in Bogor. The study design was quasi-experimental design with pre and post intervention. The study results showed that there were increased knowledge and attitudes towards the habit of breakfast (p value < 0,05). The media used were picture card, quartet card, the ladder snake, guess the picture, crossword puzzle, leaflet, poster, and quizes. Mother’s role as a breakfast provider for students is important in avoiding students who are bored with menu provided. Collaboration needed between school unit, parents, and staff of public health center to revitalize the School Health Program with health promotion activities for mothers/caregivers of students, especially about how to plan and serve a delicious breakfast menu, easy making, and healthy for students.
Asupan Gizi dan Mengantuk pada Mahasiswa Rasmada, Sada; Triyanti, Triyanti; M. Indrawani, Yvonne; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
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Asupan nutrisi dan energi, status nutrisi, serta aktivitas harian berpengaruh pada kejadian mengantuk yang berpengaruh negatif pada konsentrasi dan produktivitas belajar pada mahasiswa. Kejadian mengantuk berhubungan dengan penurunan kemampuan kognitif yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi zat besi. Seseorang yang mengantuk akan mengalami penurunan aktivitas fisik yang menyebabkan kelebihan berat badan sehingga berisiko lebih tinggi untuk terkena penyakit degeneratif seperti penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor dominan yang berpengaruh pada kejadian mengantuk di kalangan mahasiswa. Penelitian dengan desain studi cross sectional ini dilakukan terhadap sampel 139 mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia. Proporsi mahasiswa yang hampir mengantuk sekitar 28,80%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi tidur dan masalah kantuk (nilai p = 0,048). Mahasiswa dengan durasi tidur < 8 jam per hari mengalami kejadian mengantuk 0,50 kali lebih besar daripada mahasiswa dengan durasi tidur > 8 jam per hari. Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian mengantuk adalah durasi tidur setelah dikontrol dengan asupan protein dan lemak, aktivitas fisik, dan paparan media. Mahasiswa yang sering mengantuk memperlihatkan asupan zat besi rendah sehingga disarankan untuk meningkatkan asupan zat besi yang berasal dari sumber makanan yang mengandung heme. Nutrient and energy intake, nutrition status, and daily activity could give impact for sleepiness problem. Sleepiness related to the decreasing of cognitive ability that caused by iron deficiency. A person who feels sleepy will have a lack of physical activities that lead to overweight and therefore has a higher risk to suffer degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze dominant factor that can give influence to sleepiness problem among students. The cross sectional research used 139 students of Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia. The percentage of students who is almost sleepy was 28,80%. This research showed the association between sleep duration and somnolence problem is significant (p value = 0,048). Students with sleep duration < 8 hours a day could be 0,50 times more sleepy than students with sleep duration > 8 hours a day. The dominant factor is sleep duration after controlled by protein and fat intake, physical activity, and media exposure. Students that frequently feels sleepy indicated low iron intake so that suggested to increase the iron intake through consuming heme contained food.
Obesitas pada Pekerja Minyak dan Gas Christina, Dilla; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 6, No. 3
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Beberapa tahun terakhir angka obesitas di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Obesitas terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan output energi dalam jangka waktu cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada pekerja on shore di perusahaan minyak dan gas. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh pekerja on shore (laki-laki maupun perempuan) berusia 35 – 55 tahun yang sesuai dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditetapkan (n = 378). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas (IMT ³ 25 kg/m2) pada pekerja on-shore sebesar 49,5%. Variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pegawai, asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan serat memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian obesitas (nilai p < 0,05). Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas adalah tingkat pendidikan (OR = 2,85; 95%CI = 1,240 – 6,502). Tingginya prevalensi obesitas pada pekerja memerlukan perhatian yang lebih serius dari pihak perusahaan dalam menanggulangi masalah obesitas melalui upaya peningkatan program komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi gizi yang lebih terarah dan terprogram serta perlu dilakukan sosialisasi untuk memantau berat badan dan lingkar pinggang-panggul secara rutin untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner. In the last few years the incidence of obesity in Indonesia tends to increase. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and output in a long term. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors in the incidence of obesity of the workers on-shore oil and gas companies. This research designed by cross sectional study.The subject of this research was on shore workers of oil and gas company (male and female) aged 35 – 55 years old in East Kalimantan and were eligible for inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 378). The results showed that the prevalence of obesity of on-shore workers was as high as 49.5% (BMI ³ 25 kg/m2). Age, level of education, employement status, energy, carbohydrate, and fiber intake were associated with obesity (p value < 0,05). The most dominant factor associated with obesity was level of education (OR = 2,85; 95%CI = 1,240 - 6,502). The high prevalence of obesity in the workers need more serious attention from the company in overcoming the problem of obesity, by enhancing the EIC program with more focused and sustainable, and need to socialize monitoring of body weight and waist-hip circumference regularly to prevent coronary heart disease.
Perbandingan Tingkat Kepuasan Kerja Perawat dan Kepuasan Pasien Noras, Jamilla Upik; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 6, No. 5
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Perawat adalah ujung tombak pemberi pelayanan langsung pada pasien selama 24 jam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat dengan kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan kelas 3 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) X Jakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional, pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh perawat yang bertugas sebagai pelaksana keperawatan kelas 3 sebanyak 40 orang ser- ta pasien yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap kelas 3 sebanyak 120 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil pengukuran kuantitatif menunjukkan bah- wa tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana di kelas 3 dikategorikan “ren- dah”, (22,5%) sedangkan tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap layanan keperawatan sebesar 85,0% (nilai p > 0,05). Ketidakpuasan kerja perawat yang tinggi tidak berdampak pada kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan. Untuk perbaikan ketidakpuasan kerja perawat, manajemen rumah sakit sebaiknya meninjau kembali kebijakan tentang pakaian dinas, menu makanan pada saat jaga, dan merancang kamar ganti perawat. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan perhitungan jasa pelayanan perawat dengan memperhatikan risiko keterpaparan terhadap penyakit. Supervisor diharapkan dapat lebih membuka diri untuk mendengarkan masalah yang dihadapi perawat pelaksana melalui komunikasi dan hubungan interpersonal secara informal. Nurses are front liner in providing nursing services directly to customers for 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of job sa- tisfaction of nurses to patient satisfaction in the third class departement in general hospital of Jakarta. This study was a cross sectional study designed with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population was all nurses who served as executive nurses (40 nurses) and patients treated in the inpatient (120 patients). Sampling was conducted purposively according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of quantitative measurements showed that the level of job satisfaction of nurses categorized as “low” (22,5%), while the level of patient satisfaction on nursing service at 85,0% (p value > 0,05). The high job dissatisfaction of nurses had no impact on patient satisfaction. To decrease the job dissatisfaction of nurses, hospital management should review the policy on official clothing, meals at the guard, and design the locker room of nurses. It also performed the cal- culation of nursing services with the risk of exposure to disease and supervisors more open to listen the problems faced by nurses with communication and informal interpersonal relationships.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Intention among Pregnant Women Permatasari, Tria Astika Endah; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi; Achadi, Endang Laksminingsih; Purwono, Urip; Irawati, Anies; Ocviyanti, Dwiana; Martha, Evi
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 3
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Intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah intensi ibu untuk memberikan hanya ASI pada bayinya sejak dilahirkan hingga berusia enam bulan. Intensi pada periode prenatal merupakan penentu langsung pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu hamil di sebuah rumah sakit ibu dan anak di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang dilakukan secara primer. Sampel berjumlah 143 ibu hamil trimester ketiga dipilih secara purposive sampling. Intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif diukur menggunakan kuesioner the Infant Feeding Intentions scale. Sedangkan sikap, norma subjektif dan persepsi kontrol perilaku dinilai menggunakan modifikasi kuesioner Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Sebanyak 61,5% ibu memiliki intensi kuat memberikan ASI eksklusif. Persepsi kontrol perilaku paling dominan berhubungan dengan intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif, (p=0,007; Odds Ratio 3,030; 95% CI 1,361-6,746). Faktor lainnya yang berhubungan dengan intensi adalah sikap, keterpaparan ibu terhadap ASI eksklusif dari media sosial, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, pengalaman menyusui sebelumnya, dan pekerjaan ibu dengan persepsi kontrol perilaku tinggi berpeluang tiga kali lebih besar memiliki ‘intensi tinggi’ untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif dibandingkan ibu berpersepsi kontrol perilaku rendah. Exclusive breastfeeding intention is a mother’s intention to provide her baby only breast milk since the infant was born until at the age of 6 months. Intention in prenatal period is the direct affirmation of exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to find out the most dominant factor related to exclusive breastfeeding intention among pregnant women at a mother and child hospital in South Tangerang. A cross-sectional study design was conducted primarily. The samples were 143 pregnant women on their third trimester pregnancy selected by purposive sampling. Intention was measured by the Infant Feeding Intention scale questionnaire. Meanwhile, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were measured by the modified Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. It was 61.5% mother had strong exclusive breastfeeding intention. Perceived behavioral control dominantly influenced the exclusive breastfeeding intention (p value = 0.007; Odds Ratio 3.030; 95% CI = 1.361 6.746). The other factors influencing intention were attitude, exposure to exclusive breastfeeding from social media, health workers’ support, previous breastfeeding experience and mothers’ occupation. A mother with high perceived behavioral control has three times more likely to have ‘high exclusive breastfeeding intention’ than those having the low ones.
Obesity as Type 2 Diabetes Common Comorbidity: Study of Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Eating Behaviour and Other Determinants in Jakarta, Indonesia Fajarini, Isna Aulia; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 4
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Obesity is one of the comorbidities widely occurred among type 2 diabetes patients. It is one of the most modifiable risk factors for the prevention of other comorbid conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to recognize eating behaviour, physical activity, and other related factors, also their correlation with obesity as comorbidity among type 2 diabetes patients. Using cross-sectional design, data were collected from purposively selected 133 members of “PROLANIS” in Jatinegara Primary Health Care, East Jakarta. Food intake was assessed by 1x24 hours food recall and FFQ, physical activity by GPAQ. The result showed 63,9% of adult with type 2 diabetes were obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), fat intake was higher than recommendation (30,77±9,06%), but mean energy intake was insufficient compared to energy requirement (62,06±23,67%). The prevalence of obesity among adults with type 2 diabetes is found associated with nutrition knowledge, level of education, and length of suffering type 2 diabetes. Nutrition education is important to reduce the prevalence of obesity among adults with type 2 diabetes.