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Nanang Suryadi
Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Journal : Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science Journal (EMACS)

 1 
Mapping the Evolution of AI Chatbots in Indonesia (2021-2025): A PRISMA-Based Systematic Literature Review on Applications, Technologies, and Impacts Felix, Antonius; Sundjaja, Arta Moro; Sutrisno, Julius; Suryadi, Nanang
Engineering, MAthematics and Computer Science Journal (EMACS) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): EMACS (In Press)
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/emacsjournal.v8i1.14942

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has accelerated the adoption of chatbots in organizations in Indonesia. But there is no systematic synthesis of the development of this technology in Indonesian context. This research provides a systematic review of the development and implementation of AI chatbots in Indonesia in 2021–2025, with the aim of filling the research gap related to sectoral applications, technological trajectories, and contextual challenges. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines on the Scopus, Google Scholar and arXiv databases to collect 257 initial records. After duplicate removal and a multi-step screening process, 16 high-quality studies were included in the final synthesis. Thematic analysis identified four main findings: (1) AI Chatbots are found in higher education, healthcare, banking, public services, fintech, e-commerce, and SMEs; (2) The technology has evolved from rule-based approaches (AIML, TF-IDF) to machine learning (Seq2Seq LSTM, Rasa+IndoBERT) and the latest large language model integration (GPT-3.5, Vertex AI); (3) Reported impacts include improved user satisfaction (SUS scores 80.1), operational efficiency, and 24/7 service availability; and (4) Existing challenges include accuracy in Indonesian language processing, complexities in system integration, data privacy issues, and varied levels of digital literacy. This review is the first systematic mapping of Indonesia’s AI chatbot landscape and makes evidence-based recommendations for the development of locally-adapted, culturally-sensitive models. Results show that future chatbot development should emphasize Indonesian language datasets and hybrid architectures that combine automation and human oversight.
Co-Authors A.Pandu Wirawan Abdurrahman Hakim Abdurrahman Hakim Ainur Rofiq Ainur Rofiq Ananda Sabil Hussein Andarwati Andarwati Andrian Wahyu Laksono Annisa Aulani Kusnadi Antonius Felix Armanu Armanu Armanu Armanu Armanu Armanu Thoyib Armanu Thoyib Armanu, Armanu Arta Moro Sundjaja, Arta Moro Aruan, Paulina Baistia, Salisa Dzikroh Batu Bara, Citra Maulani Bhaskoro, Haryo Choirul Huda Choirun, Annisa’u Chyntia Putri Alifah Baskoro Dedy Dewi Harmila Sari Dhimas Mahardhika Dimas Hendrawan Eka Bio, Muhammad Judhanto Fasieh, Muhammad Fajrul Islam Fatchur Rohman Febriandaru Kurniasih Firjatullah, Naufal Arya Francisca Alfarah Gerardea Gaotami, Elsa Grimonia, Raissa Gulam B, Muhammad Irsyad Hakim, Abdurrahman Handojo, Rubi Hanif Mutiara Rohmah Hardiatno, Aris Haryo Bhaskoro Hidayat, Bambang Samsul Imam Santoso Inneke Olia Situmorang Islam F, Muhammad Fajrul Islam Fasieh, Muhammad Fajrul Julius Sutrisno Kardina Yudha Parwati Kardina Yudha Parwati Kornelius Kelemur Kroon Kutut Prastyo Kyrbi, Ramanda Makhmut, Khalilah Daud Isaac Mangku Purnomo Margono Margono Margono Medina, Andri Miftahurrahmah, Aisyah Muhammad Aulia Luthvy Muhammad Fajrul Iskam Fasieh Muhammad Fajrul Islam F Muhammad Fajrul Islam Fasieh Muhammad Fajrul Islam Fasieh Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Judhanto Eka Bio Muhammad Pringgo. P Muhammad Sahal Niazi, Hakam Ali Noermijati Noermijati Noermijati, Noermijati Nugraha, Krisna Wahyu Nur Khusniyah Indrawati Nuraini Desty Nurmasari Nurul Amalia Fitriyana Permadi, Fajar Pradida, Debbi Rangga Pranoto, Danu Eko Primi Puspita Ramadhania Priska Arindya Purnama Purnama, Elang Satriaputra Raditha Dwi Vata Hapsari Raditha Dwi Vata Hapsari Radityo Putro Handrito Rafisukmawan, Bayu Rahmawati, Elisa Diah Ramadhan, M. Agil Retno Fuji Oktaviani Rila Anggraeni Rila Anggraeni, Rila Rizka Zulfikar Robimadin, Cahya Nugeraha Rr Ayu Firdausiah RR Ayu Firdausiah Rusydayanti, Fatinah Ryan Bagus Wahyudhi Sarah Barqiah Siti Narsito Wulan Soraya, Az’zahra Dinda Sumiati Sumiati Sunaryo Syahnur, Muh. Haerdiansyah Taufiq Abdurrahman Valen Prasarry, Yudhita Wahyudi, Deby Yuliana Wahyudi, Yuda Putra Wibawanto, Rayhana Alesha Haidar Widya Eka Setiawan Wiranata, Axel Wu, Hung-Che Yuditha Valen Prasarry Zulfikar, Rizka