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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Akta Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia JFIOnline Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Jamu Indonesia JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service Narra J International Journal of Social Service and Research International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) MEDICINUS Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Indonesian Journal of Jamu
Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
Fakultas Bioteknologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Mikrobiota–Usus–Otak sebagai Jaringan Metabolik dan Pengatur Kontrol Energi Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 12 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/fy2cd832

Abstract

This article examines the gut–brain axis in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes as a complex communication network that shapes glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation, gut hormone function, and eating behavior. By integratingevidence from metagenomic, neuroendocrine signaling, and modern pharmacotherapy studies, the article argues that type 2 diabetes is not merely a glycemic disorder, but also an internal ecological disruption involving microbiota interactions, theenteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and metabolic regulatory centers in the brain. This perspective also highlights the clinical implications of emerging therapeutic agents such as GLP-1 agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists. This articleconceptualizes type 2 diabetes as an interorgan communication disorder that can be ameliorated through multilevel interventions including microbiota modulation, restoration of incretin, and precision nutrition strategies.
Reassessing Diversion and Restorative Justice in Indonesia’s Juvenile Criminal System: Legal Paradigms, Policy Gaps, and Implementation Challenges Heliany, Ina; Tjandrawinata, Raymond R
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i4.46142

Abstract

Indonesia’s juvenile criminal justice system has embraced diversion and restorative justice as foundational principles following the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This study critically examines the legal frameworks underpinning these principles, explores the policy gaps, and evaluates the implementation challenges that have emerged in practice. Employing a socio-legal qualitative methodology, this paper reviews statutory provisions, policy documents, and empirical research findings on diversion and restorative justice in Indonesia. The results reveal that while Indonesia’s legal reforms align with international standards on juvenile justice, significant inconsistencies persist in the practical application of diversion policies. Key barriers include uneven regional implementation, lack of standardized procedures, insufficient training for law enforcement, and societal resistance rooted in a punitive legal culture. The discussion offers a comprehensive analysis of these challenges and suggests strategic pathways to strengthen the restorative justice framework. The paper concludes by recommending policy reforms that incorporate local wisdom, enhance institutional capacity, and promote community involvement to ensure sustainable and effective juvenile justice practices in Indonesia.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Generic Formulation Development and Life Cycle Management - A Comprehensive Review Murali Mohan Babu; Ni Luh Putu Nurshanti; Harry Martha Wijaya; Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Al Makki Health Informatics Journal
Publisher : Al Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/hij.v3i1.45

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry by enhancing efficiency, precision, and cost-effectiveness in drug development. This study explores the application of AI in the lifecycle management of generic drugs, focusing on key stages such as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis, excipient selection, pre-formulation studies, bioequivalence testing, and regulatory compliance. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, AI facilitates predictive modeling, risk assessment, and optimization of drug formulation processes, reducing time-to-market and improving scalability. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as data quality, algorithm transparency, and infrastructure limitations persist, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This review highlights case studies and emerging technologies that address these challenges, providing actionable insights for pharmaceutical stakeholders. The study also discusses AI's potential to streamline supply chain logistics, enhance accessibility, and ensure regulatory adherence. By integrating AI across all stages of generic drug development, this research underscores its transformative potential in improving drug affordability, accessibility, and patient outcomes globally.
Quality by Design Approach for Optimization of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Liposomes Using Design of Experiments Dermawan, Doni; Steven; Hiendrawan, Stevanus; Tjandrawinata, Raymond R.
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v8i1.8391

Abstract

This study aimed to screen and optimize the critical process variables that significantly influence the preparation process of diclofenac sodium (DS)-loaded liposome using a quality by design (QbD) systematic approach. In this study, Plackett-Burman screening design (PBD) was employed to screen the most significant process and formulation variables. Further optimization of DS-loaded liposomes was done using Response Surface Method-Central Composite design (RSM-CCD). DS-loaded liposomes were formulated using the thin-film hydration method. The particle size (PS) and encapsulation efficiency (EE), as the key to liposome drug product qualities, were defined and evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) spectrum, in vitro drug release profile, and stability study were also investigated. The results showed that particle size and encapsulation efficiency of the optimum formulation were 146.60 nm and 79.77% with high coefficient of determination values of 0.9989 and 0.9984, respectively. The study showed that PBD could be useful to screen the most significant variables, and RSM-CCD could be employed to study surfaces and to locate the optimal response to achieve maximized EE and minimized PS.
Co-Authors . Anindyajati Achmad K. Harzif Agung Endro Nugroho Agung Endro Nugroho Andon Hestiantoro Andreas Bernadinus Atawolo Andri Prasetiyo Anindini Winda Amalia Anita Artarini Armini Syamsidi ARTARINI, ANITA Babu, Murali Mohan Budi Wiweko Caroline G. Puspita CATUR RIANI Danang Agung Yunaidi Dayana, Hepy Debbie S. Retnoningrum Debbie S. Retroningrum DEBBIE SOEFIE RETNONINGRUM DERMAWAN, DONI Dewi Riskha Nurmalasari Diana Nur Afifah Esti Mumpuni Esti Mumpuni Esti Mumpuni, Esti Gayatri, Anggi Gita Pratama Hapsari, Riani Harry Martha Wijaya Hartati Tuna, Hartati Heliany, Ina Henry Soelistyo Budi Henry Soelistyo Budi, Henry Soelistyo Herbert Situmorang Herbert Situmorang Hiendrawan, Stevanus Huda Shalahudin Darusman Indriawati, Iin Irsan Hasan Ismaya, Wangsa T. Kaka Renaldi Kanadi Sumapradja Krisnayanti, Ni Putu Eka Kristiana, Hery Kristiana, Hery Laurentia Stephani Liana W. Susanto Lilik Sulastri Luh Putu Nurshanti, Ni Maggy T. Suhartono Maggy T. Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono Marcellus Simadibrata Martha Wijaya, Harry Melva Louisa Murali Mohan Babu Murdani Abdullah Nafrialdi Nafrialdi Nailufar, Florensia Nailufar, Florensia Ni Luh Putu Nurshanti Novia Tri Astuti Novia Tri Astuti Novitasari, Putri Rachma Permanasari, Silmi Citra Rachman, Andika Raden Muharam Natadisastra Retroningrum, Debbie S. Santi Tan Saut Horas Hatoguan Nababan Setiabudy, Rahajuningsih D Shirly Kumala SILMI MARIYA Simatupang, Stefeny Theresia Sinaga, Wenny S.L. Soelistyo Budi, Henry Steven Susanto, Liana W Suwijiyo Pramono Suwijiyo Pramono Tan, Santi Viedya Novalinda Said Wangsa T. Ismaya Wangsa Tirta Ismaya Widjaja, Nadia Winoto, Imelda L Winoto, Imelda L Yanti Lim Zaelani, Bella Fatima Dora