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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Akta Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik JFIOnline Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Jamu Indonesia JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service Narra J International Journal of Social Service and Research International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Journal of Social Research Journal Of World Science MEDICINUS Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Journal of Social Science Influence: International Journal of Science Review Al Makki Health Informatics Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Indonesian Journal of Jamu
Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
Fakultas Bioteknologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Memanfaatkan Kecerdasan Buatan dan Pembelajaran Mesin dalam Inovasi Farmasi Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 2 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/kma7ev64

Abstract

Integrasi kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI) dan pembelajaran mesin (machine learning/ML) telah merevolusi industri farmasi, mengubah cara obat ditemukan, dikembangkan, diuji, dan diproduksi. Teknologi ini memungkinkan efisiensi dan akurasi yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dengan memanfaatkan sejumlah besar data dan algoritmakomputasi canggih. Dalam penemuan obat, AI mempercepat identifikasi target terapeutik dan desain molekul baru, secara drastis mengurangi waktu menuju pemasaran. Selama pengembangan, ML membantu mengoptimalkan desain uji klinik dan stratifikasi populasi pasien untuk meningkatkan presisi dan efektivitas. Dalam uji klinik, alat berbasis AI meningkatkan rekrutmen, pemantauan, dan desain adaptif, menghasilkan studi yang lebih andal dan hemat biaya. Terakhir, AI memastikan pengendalian kualitas real-time dan pemeliharaan prediktif dalam manufaktur, meningkatkan konsistensi produk dan mengurangi biaya operasional. Makalah ini mengeksplorasi aplikasi AI/ML secara komprehensif di berbagai domain, didukung oleh studi kasus dan analisis mendalam tentang dampaknya. Selain itu, makalah ini membahas tantangan seperti kualitas data, hambatan regulasi, dan transparansi algoritma yang menghambat adopsinya secara luas. Pertimbangan etis, termasuk masalah privasi dan risiko bias dalam sistem AI juga dievaluasi. Akhirnya, makalah ini menguraikan peluang untuk kemajuan di masa depan, menekankan perlunya upaya kolaboratif antara akademisi, industri, dan badan regulasi untuk memanfaatkan potensi penuh AI/ML dalam membentuk kembali lanskap farmasi.
ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA AND THE UNITED STATES Tjandrawinata, Raymond R.; Heliany, Ina
JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana Vol 7 No 1 (2025): EDISI BULAN JANUARI
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Darma Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46930/jurnalrectum.v7i1.5349

Abstract

Administrative decisions in the pharmaceutical industry influence the balance between innovation protection and drug accessibility, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. This study evaluates the impact of administrative decisions on Indonesia's pharmaceutical sector by comparing them with the policies of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The research employs a descriptive-qualitative approach, analyzing administrative law theory, Gustav Radbruch’s balance of law theory, intellectual property, and legal realism. The findings reveal that administrative decisions often reinforce patent protection, which promotes innovation but limits drug access, especially for low-income populations. In Indonesia, the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) faces challenges in meeting public needs amidst limited adaptive regulations. Barriers to implementing compulsory licensing and international pressures complicate drug distribution arrangements, particularly in emergency situations. This study recommends harmonizing regulations with international standards, enhancing transparency in decision-making, and implementing compulsory licensing to address the tension between patent protection and accessibility. This approach is expected to create a more inclusive, equitable, and responsive pharmaceutical regulatory framework that meets societal needs without compromising innovation
Future Trends in Biotechnology Patents: Impact of Nano-Biomedicine and Artificial Intelligence on the Patent Landscape R. Tjandrawinata, Raymond; Soelistyo Budi, Henry
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1205

Abstract

The development of nano-biomedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are changing the biotechnology landscape and the global patent system. Both technologies are advancing innovation in sectors such as oncology, genetic diseases, and vaccinology, while posing new challenges in the intellectual property legal framework. This article analyzes the specific sectors most affected by these technologies, discusses regulatory efforts in specific jurisdictions, as well as highlights patent-related case studies of major companies. Additionally, an analysis of the risks and opportunities for collaboration between various parties is outlined to demonstrate the need for regulatory reform to support global innovation. The article also provides strategic recommendations for policymakers as well as long-term projections on the impact of this technology on the patent system in the next 20-30 years.
Terapi Osteoporosis Terbaru: Tinjauan Komprehensif Farmakologis Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 3 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/d4enjy05

Abstract

Osteoporosis adalah penyakit metabolik tulang yang ditandai dengan penurunan massa dan gangguan mikroarsitektur tulang sehingga meningkatkan risiko fraktur. Pendekatan farmakologis terbaru mencakup agen antiresorptif seperti bisphosphonates dan denosumab, serta terapi anabolik seperti teriparatide dan romosozumab yang berperan dalammeningkatkan kepadatan mineral tulang. Selain pengobatan, suplementasi kalsium dan vitamin D serta modifikasi gaya hidup berperan dalam pencegahan dan pengelolaan osteoporosis. Pemantauan berkala terhadap kepadatan tulang dan efektivitas terapi diperlukan untuk menyesuaikan strategi pengobatan secara personalisasi dan meminimalkan efek samping. Dengan integrasi terapi berbasis biomarker, pendekatan multidisiplin dalam pengelolaan osteoporosis dapat semakin ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.
Docking Molekular dari Trigonella foenum-graceum sebagai Antidiabetes menggunakan Molegro Virtual Docking Prasetiyo, Andri; Mumpuni, Esti; Tjandrawinata, Raymond R
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v4i2.132

Abstract

Trigonella foenum-graceum atau fenugreek digunakan secara luas sebagai obat tradisional untuk pengobatan diabetes tetapi mekanisme kerjanya masih belum jelas. Penelitian bertujuan memprediksi senyawa dalam fenugreek yang berkhasiat sebagai antidiabetes secara in-silico dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Molegro Virtual Docking . Docking dilakukan 10 Senyawa uji dalam fenugreek yaitu 4-hidroxyisoleucine, coumarine, diosgenin, galactomannan, isovitexin, quarcetin, tigogenin, trigoneline, vitexin dan yamogenin dengan 3 reseptor yaitu sugar beet alpha-glucosidase- (PDB ID : 3W37), human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (PDB ID : 1X70), human peroxisome proliferator activated gamma (PDB: 2PRG) serta senyawa pembanding acarbose, sitagliptin dan rosiglitazone. Dari 10 senyawa uji, galactomanann memiliki nilai Rerank Score/RS paling rendah di dua reseptor yaitu alpha glucosidase dan peroxisome proliferator activated gamma dengan nilai berturut turut -116.56 kcal/mol dan -131.18 kcal/mol dan nilai RS acarbose -113.60 kcal/mol dan rosiglitazone -124.54 kcal/mol . Dari 10 senyawa uji, tigogenin memiliki nilai RS paling rendah direseptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 dengan nilai RS -86.54 kcal/mol dan nilai RS sitagliptin -87.02 kcal/mol. Berdasarkan nilai RS, galactomannan diprediksi memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yang bekerja pada reseptor alpha-glucosidase dan peroxisome proliferator activated gamma sedangkan tigogenin diprediksi memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yang bekerja pada reseptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4.
Evolution of Spirit and Life into God's Love and the Word in the Johannine Corpus R. Tjandrawinata, Raymond; B. Atawolo, Andreas
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i2.2433

Abstract

This study aims to develop a novel framework for understanding Johannine theology, particularly its transformative emphasis on spirit, life, divine love, and the Word as conveyed in the Gospel of John, the Johannine Epistles, and Revelation. Employing a systematic review methodology, this research integrates magisterial texts, including Dei Verbum and Deus Caritas Est, alongside seminal theological analyses by Raymond E. Brown and Francis J. Moloney. The methodology facilitates a comprehensive exploration of key themes in Johannine theology, such as Logos theology, the ethical imperatives of divine love, and the eschatological vision of justice and renewal. The findings underscore the centrality of divine love as a unifying principle that informs Catholic doctrine and ethical practice, highlighting its implications for contemporary challenges. Specifically, the study discusses how Johannine theology addresses issues of social justice, ecological stewardship, and global inequities, demonstrating its enduring relevance for theological education and pastoral care. In conclusion, this research contributes fresh perspectives by bridging Johannine theological insights with practical applications, offering transformative guidance for the Church's mission in a complex, interconnected world. This synthesis reaffirms the power of divine love and the Word as foundational elements for fostering justice, renewal, and ethical responsibility in modern society.
Transformation of Patent Policy in Indonesia: New Opportunities and Challenges for Pharmaceutical Innovation in the Digital Era Tjandrawinata, Raymond R.; Budi, Henry Soelistyo
Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58631/injurity.v4i3.1415

Abstract

Indonesia is a developing country with an expanding healthcare market, which faces the enduring challenge of fostering a pharmaceutical patent system that incentivizes research and development while ensuring broad access to affordable medicines. This study aims to offer policy recommendations that balance the need for pharmaceutical innovation with the imperative of maintaining an accessible and competitive healthcare landscape. The study includes a review of pharmaceutical patent regulations in India, Brazil, the United States, and the European Union. It integrates empirical data analysis to assess patent application trends and market dynamics, utilizing a difference-in-differences econometric model to establish causality between policy reforms and sector changes. It highlights the necessity of public health safeguards, proposing mechanisms like conditional compulsory licensing as critical elements in the patent reform framework. The study emphasizes actionable policy recommendations while incorporating stakeholder perspectives from regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical firms, and public health organizations to understand the implications for investment, competition, and medicine accessibility. By implementing these strategic policy adjustments, Indonesia can maximize the benefits of Law No. 65 of 2024 while safeguarding public health and promoting domestic pharmaceutical innovation in a rapidly evolving global landscape.
N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Sleep Deprivation-induced Memory Deficit in Juvenile Rats Through the Suppression of BDNF, Cortisol, Acetylcholine Levels, and Inflammatory Cytokines Expressions Rosyidah, Citra; Arozal, Wawaimuli; Lee, Hee Jae; Tjandrawinata, Raymond Rubianto; Septiana, Wahyunia Likhayati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i2.3445

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation (SD) affects 20–30% of children and is known to impair cognitive functions, particularly memory. Despite its impact, there is currently no standardized treatment. Evidence from both adult animal and human suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) possesses neuroprotective properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of NAC on memory deficits induced by SD in juvenile rats.METHODS: Juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SD using the modified multiple platform method. NAC was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 100 mg/kgBW or 500 mg/kgBW. Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used for neurobehavioral assessment. Biochemical analyses were conducted to measure cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and acetylcholine (ACh) levels, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was measured by colorimetric method. Western blot analysis was performed to examine cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB). Additionally, cytokine mRNA expressions were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: Spontaneous alteration and discrimination ratio were decreased in SD group without treatment compared to the normal group (p<0.05). Similarly, BDNF was also decreased compared with normal group (p<0.05). Cortisol level and mRNA expression of TNF-α were increased significantly compared with normal group (p<0.05) along with a slight increase of ACh activity. Interestingly, NAC treatment mainly at the dose of 500 mg/kgBW prevented those pathological features significantly.CONCLUSION: NAC might prevent the SD-induced memory deficits by suppressing the inflammatory markers, activity of AChE, cortisol, and enhancing the level of BDNF.KEYWORDS: SD, NAC, memory, AChE, cortisol, inflammatory markers, BDNF
Kemajuan dalam Biologi Spasial: Perspektif Multiomik Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/54mmsr80

Abstract

Biologi spasial telah muncul sebagai bidang transformatif, memberikan wawasan yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya tentang organisasi spasial biomolekul, sel, dan jaringan. Ulasan ini mengkaji kemajuan dalam multiomik spasial antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025, dengan fokus pada teknologi utama, termasuk imunofluoresensi multipleks (multiplex immunofluorescence/mIF), mikroskopi lembaran cahaya, dan transkriptomik spasial. Inovasi-inovasi ini memungkinkan analisis multidimensi resolusi tinggi terhadap sistem biologis yang kompleks, merevolusi penelitian kanker, studi mikrobioma, dan ilmu saraf. Integrasi antara omik sel tunggal dan spasial telah memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam mengenai heterogenitas tumor, distribusi sel imun, dan interaksi seluler dalam lingkungan mikro tumor. Selain itu, multiomik spasial telah memperluas aplikasi di luar onkologi, menawarkan wawasan baru dalam biologi liver, sirkuit saraf, dan mikrobioma usus. Namun demikian, dengan adanya kemajuan ini, tetap terdapat tantangan dalam analisis data, integrasi, dan aksesibilitas. Evolusi berkelanjutan alat komputasi, analisis berbasis kecerdasan buatan, dan integrasi multiomik akan semakin meningkatkan dampak bidang ini, serta membuka jalan bagi pengobatan yang lebih personal dan terapi presisi.
Melawan Penurunan Kognitif pada Otak yang Menua Lewat Pemulihan Fungsi Mitokondria Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/wdpk3k28

Abstract

Mitokondria, pabrik energi sel, memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga fungsi neuron dan sirkuit melalui produksi adenosine triphosphate (ATP) melalui fosforilasi oksidatif (oxidative phosphorylation/OXPHOS). Dalam otak mamalia yang menua, efisiensi OXPHOS menurun, menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria, stres oksidatif, dan penurunan kognitif. Penelitian terbaru menyoroti hubungan antara eksitasi neuron dan transkripsi gen mitokondria, menunjukkan bahwa keterkaitan ini berkurang seiring bertambahnya usia. Studi lain memperkuat temuan ini dan menawarkan perspektif yang lebih luas tentang mekanisme yang mendasari disfungsi mitokondria pada penuaan serta strategi terapeutik potensial. Ulasan ini mengkaji penelitian-penelitian mutakhir untuk memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang penurunan mitokondria terkait usia dan dampaknya terhadap fungsi kognitif.
Co-Authors Achmad K. Harzif Agung Endro Nugroho Agung Endro Nugroho Andon Hestiantoro Andri Prasetiyo Anindini Winda Amalia Anindyajati Anindyajati Anita Artarini Armini Syamsidi ARTARINI, ANITA B. Atawolo, Andreas Babu, Murali Mohan Budi Wiweko Caroline G. Puspita CATUR RIANI Danang Agung Yunaidi Dayana, Hepy Debbie S. Retnoningrum Debbie S. Retroningrum DEBBIE SOEFIE RETNONINGRUM Dewi Riskha Nurmalasari Diana Nur Afifah Esti Mumpuni Esti Mumpuni Esti Mumpuni, Esti Gayatri, Anggi Gita Pratama Hapsari, Riani Hartati Tuna, Hartati Heliany, Ina Henry Soelistyo Budi Henry Soelistyo Budi, Henry Soelistyo Herbert Situmorang Herbert Situmorang Huda Shalahudin Darusman Indriawati, Iin Irsan Hasan Ismaya, Wangsa T. Kaka Renaldi Kanadi Sumapradja Krisnayanti, Ni Putu Eka Kristiana, Hery Kristiana, Hery Laurentia Stephani Lee, Hee Jae Liana W. Susanto Lilik Sulastri Luh Putu Nurshanti, Ni Maggy T. Suhartono Maggy T. Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono Marcellus Simadibrata Martha Wijaya, Harry Melva Louisa Muharam Natadisastra Murdani Abdullah Nafrialdi Nafrialdi Nailufar, Florensia Nailufar, Florensia Novia Tri Astuti Novia Tri Astuti Novitasari, Putri Rachma Permanasari, Silmi Citra Rachman, Andika Retroningrum, Debbie S. Rosyidah, Citra Santi Tan Saut Horas Hatoguan Nababan Setiabudy, Rahajuningsih D Shirly Kumala SILMI MARIYA Simatupang, Stefeny Theresia Sinaga, Wenny S.L. Soelistyo Budi, Henry Susanto, Liana W Suwijiyo Pramono Suwijiyo Pramono Tan, Santi Viedya Novalinda Said Wahyunia Likhayati Septiana Wangsa T. Ismaya Wangsa Tirta Ismaya Wawaimuli Arozal Widjaja, Nadia Winoto, Imelda L Winoto, Imelda L Yanti Lim Zaelani, Bella Fatima Dora