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Ekstraksi Maserasi Oleoresin Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC): Optimasi Rendemen dan Pengujian Karakteristik Mutu Kawiji Kawiji; Lia Umi Khasanah; Rohula Utami; Novita Try Aryani
agriTECH Vol 35, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (657.254 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.13761

Abstract

This research was aimed to find out the optimum yield condition on kaffir lime leaves oleoresin production at various temperature and contact time during maceration extraction and to find out the characteristics of kaffir lime leaves oleoresin such as citronella content, kaffir lime leaves oil content, and solvent residue levels at optimum yield. This research used the variations of extraction temperature (70, 75 and 80°C) and extraction time (4, 5 and 6 hours). Based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the equation of kaffir lime leaves oleoresin sample optimization as follow Y = 7,9333 + 1,2333X  + 0,5333X  - 1,0000X 2 - 0,7000X 2 + 0,1250X X . The optimum yield of kaffir lime leaves oleoresin (8,447%) was obtained at 78,221°C extraction temperature and 5,438 hour extraction time. The characteristics of kaffir lime leaves oleoresin quality at the optimum yield such as 25,66% citronella level, 9,638% kaffir lime leaves oil content and 5,8% solvent residue level.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi rendemen optimum dalam proses produksi oleoresin daun jeruk purut pada variasi suhu dan waktu kontak selama proses ekstraksi maserasi dan mengetahui karakteristik mutu oleoresin daun jeruk purut yang meliputi kadar sitronelal, kadar minyak atsiri dan kadar sisa pelarut pada rendemen yang optimum. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi suhu ekstraksi (70, 75 dan 80°C) dan waktu ekstraksi (4, 5 dan 6 jam). Pada pengolahan data dengan menggunakan (RSM) diketahui persamaan optimasi rendemen oleoresin daun jeruk purut yaitu Y = 7,9333 + 1,2333X 1+ 0,5333X 2- 1,0000X 1² - 0,7000X1² + 0,1250X. Rendemen optimum oleoresin daun jeruk purut diperoleh sebesar 8,447%, didapatkan pada kondisi suhu ekstraksi 78,221°C dan waktu ekstraksi 5,438 jam. Karakteristik mutu oleoresin daun jeruk purut pada rendemen optimum yaitu kadar sitronelal 25,66%, kadar minyak atsiri 9,638% dan kadar sisa pelarut 5,8%.
Karakterisasi Kemasan Kertas Aktif dengan Penambahan Oleoresin Ampas Destilasi Sereh Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Lia Umi Khasanah; Windi Atmaka; Dewi Kurniasari; Kawiji Kawiji; Danar Praseptiangga; Rohula Utami
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (502.141 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.17011

Abstract

The aims of this research were to determine the effect of lemongrass distillation dregs oleoresin concentration (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % b/b) on the active paper packaging characteristics (sensory, water content, thickness, tensile strength, fold endurance and antimicrobial activity), to determine the functional groups of the control and selected active paper packaging, to determine the effect of days of storage (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 day) on the control and selected active paper packaging characteristics (tensile strength, and fold endurance), and to determine antimicrobial activity of the control and selected active paper packaging during 20 days storage. The result showed that the concentration of lemongrass distillation dregs oleoresin significantly affected the color, overall, tensile strength, fold endurance, and antimicrobial activity while did not significantly affected the flavor, texture, water content, and thickness of the active paper packaging. The addition of lemongrass distillation dregs oleoresin increased the water content, thickness, microbial activity, while decreased the panelists preference, tensile strength and fold endurance of the active paper packaging. The spectrum of functional groups of the active paper packaging showed the presence of chitosan, cellulose, tween 80, and lemongrass oleoresin. The storage days had no significant effect on tensile strength and fold endurance of the control and selected active paper packaging. The control and selected active paper packaging were significantly different at each 5 days storage. However the 20 day of storage showed no significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of the control and selected active paper packaging. ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, dan 6 % b/b) terhadap karakteristik kemasan kertas aktif (analisis sensoris, kadar air, ketebalan, ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan aktifitas antimikroba), mengetahui gugus fungsi kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur terpilih, mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyimpanan (0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 hari) terhadap karakteristik kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur terpilih (uji ketahanan lipat dan ketahanan tarik), dan mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur terpilih sebelum dan setelah penyimpanan selama 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi oleoresin berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna, overall (penerimaan keseluruhan), ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan aktivitas antimikroba tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap aroma, tekstur, kadar air, dan ketebalan kemasan kertas aktif. Penambahan oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur meningkatkan kadar air, ketebalan, dan aktivitas antimikroba serta menurunkan ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan penerimaan panelis. Kemasan kertas aktif mengandung gugus fungsi selulosa, kitosan, dan tween 80 serta pada kemasan kertas aktif penambahan oleoresin konsentrasi 2 % terdapat gugus fungsi oleoresin sereh dapur. Waktu penyimpanan tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap ketahanan tarik dan ketahanan lipat kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi terpilih. Kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dengan kemasan kertas aktif penambahan oleoresin konsentrasi 2 % berbeda nyata di setiap 5 hari penyimpanan. Namun, penyimpanan selama 20 hari tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap aktivitas antimikroba kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi terpilih.
Efek Antimikroba Kombinasi Nisin dengan Minyak Atsiri Curcuma pada Mikroorganisme Patogen dan Pembusuk Pangan Rohula Utami; Ardhea Mustika Sari; Asri Nursiwi; Dyah Ayu Ashari
agriTECH Vol 39, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (275.085 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.29733

Abstract

Essential oil and nisin are natural compounds that have antimicrobial activity. Both compounds are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The concentration of essential oil and nisin needed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms can be determined using the microdilution method. The combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria (v/v) (0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; 2%; and 4%) with nisin (b/v) (62.5 IU; 125 IU; 250 IU; 500 IU; and 1000 IU) could inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus FNCC 0057, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Eschericia coli FNCC 0091, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070, and Aspergillus niger FNCC 6080. In higher concentration, several combinations gave bacteriocidal effect on Bacillus cereus FNCC 0057, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Eschericia coli FNCC 0091, and Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070. The combination of nisin with Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria showed synergistic activities in several target microorganisms.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Enzim Pektinesterase dan Poligalakturonase terhadap Klarifikasi Sari Buah Apel Varietas Manalagi Esti Widowati; Rohula Utami; Bambang Sigit Amanto; Edwi Mahadjoeno; Agrizka Armunanta Putri
agriTECH Vol 40, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (293.867 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.43165

Abstract

Apple is a fruit with numerous nutrient content alongised high levels of harvest and consumption. The Manalagi is one of the varieties grown in Indonesia,characterized by a yellowish green coloration, sweet taste, as well as easy rot and damage potentials. Hence, many people have encouraged the need to process raw samples into processed juice products. This practice raises the sale value and prolongs the shelflife. However, the apple juice have a major challenge of easy browning and turbidity, resulting from the pectin content. Furthermore, removal is harder due to turbity, exceptthrough enzymatic depectination, with the pectinase enzymes, particularly pectinesterase (PE) and polygalacturonase (PG). The presence of these materials in the juice mixture leads to inherent pectin degradation into smaller fractions and consequently ensures clarity. In addition, the research involved Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with two factors, including enzyme concentration (0.5% and 1%) and PG:PE ratio (1: 5, 1: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1; 5 : 1). Therefore, the data obtained were analyzed using two way ANOVA with 5% significance level. The variance analysis result showed the effect of concentration on pH and transmittance value, while the ratio influences Total Soluble Solid (TSS) and transmittance value. In addition, both variables collectively affect pH and viscosity values. The best treatment for manalagi apple juice clarification was obtained with 0.5% concentration samples and PG: PE ratio 5:1.
Karakterisasi Pengemas Kertas Aktif dengan Penambahan Oleoresin dari Ampas Pengepresan Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) Windi Atmaka; Godras Jati Manuhara; Noreka Destiana; K Kawiji; Lia Umi Khasanah; Rohula Utami
Reaktor Volume 16 No.1 Maret 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (317.644 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.16.1.32-40

Abstract

CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVE PAPER PACKAGING INCOORPORATED WITH OLEORESIN EXTRACTED FROMSOLID WASTE OF PRESSED Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb ROOT. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb is the medicinal plant that is widely extracted for instant drinks by herbal industry. In producing this instant Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, solid waste is also produced and then thrown away. The waste actually still contain oleoresin as an active material. In this study, active paper packaging were incorporated with oleoresin extraxted from the waste at 0, 2, 4, and 6% (w/w) level. The aims of this study was to determine the effect of oleoresin concentration on physical, chemical, and antimicrobial activity characteristics of active paper packaging. Based on this research, the incorporation of the oleoresin decreased moisture content, tensile strength, folding endurance and but increased antimicrobial activity of Aspergillus niger.   Keywords: active paper packaging; curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.; oleoresin; residue Abstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) adalah tanaman herbal yang lazim diolah industri herbal menjadi minuman instan. Produksi minuman instan temulawak menghasilkan limbah padat berupa ampas yang tidak dimanfaatkan dan biasanya hanya dibuang begitu saja. Padahal ampas temulawak masih mengandung oleoresin yang berperan sebagai senyawa aktif. Penelitian kertas aktif dilakukan dengan menambahkan oleoresin ampas temulawak dengan konsentrasi 0, 2, 4, dan 6% (b/b). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan oleoresin ampas temulawak terhadap karakter fisikokimia, aktivitas antimikroba dan sensoris pengemas kertas aktif. Dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan oleoresin ampas temulawak menurunkan kadar air, nilai ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan karakter sensori (warna, tekstur dan overall), namun meningkatkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Aspergillus niger. Kata kunci: pengemas kertas aktif; temulawak; oleoresin; ampas  
Formulation and Characterization of Nanoencapsulated-Based Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus citriodora) Lozenges Hard Candy Christina Winarti; Rohula Utami; Gusmaini Gusmaini; Kendri Wahyuningsih; Cylvia Arinta Agustaningrum
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n2.2021.58-68

Abstract

Eucalyptus citriodora is one type of essential oil with many benefits including adjuvant therapy of Covid-19. One product that can be developed is hard candy. Addition of eucalyptus oil in the form of nanoencapsulates in the manufacture of hard candy can increase the functional value of the resulting product, provides a relief effect and distinctive taste when consume. The purpose of this research was to find out the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics, also to know the best formulation of hard candy lozenges. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Indonesian Center Postharvest Research and Development on October 2020 – February 2021. It used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor and five treatments, that was the ratio of sucrose and nanoencapsulate concentrations. Formulation of hard candy were glucose 24.3%, water 18.2%, ratio of sucrose and nanoencapsulate percentage were 56:1.5; 55.5:2; 55:2.5; 54,5:3; 54:3.5. Sample repetitions were carried out three times. Collected data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. Determination of the best formula used weight score. Result showed that the best and most preferred formula was at F3 with a ratio of sucrose:nanoenkapsulat 55:2.5. This formulation has physical characteristics of total color difference 8.52; density 1.774 g/cm3. The chemical characteristics of moisture content, ash, total sugar, reducing sugar and essential oil content were 1.38%; 0.75%; 51.07%; 4.39%; and 0.31% respectively. Manufacturing eucalyptus base candy is one of diversification of essential oil for health as throat relief.Keywords: Hard candy; nanoencapsulates; eucalyptus oil; peppermint oil, lozenge  AbstrakFORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI HARD CANDY PELEGA TENGGOROKAN BERBASIS NANOENKAPSULAT MINYAK EUKALIPTUS (Eucalyptus citriodora)Eucalyptus citriodora merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri dengan banyak manfaat, termasuk untuk pendukung terapi Covid-19. Salah satu produk yang bisa dikembangkan adalah permen keras (hard candy). Penambahan minyak eukaliptus dalam bentuk nanoenkapsulat pada pembuatan hard candy dapat meningkatkan nilai fungsional, serta memberi efek melegakan dan cita rasa khas ketika dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui karakteristik fisik, kimia, sensoris, dan formulasi terbaik pada produk hard candy pelega tenggorokan dengan penambahan nanoenkapsulat minyak eukaliptus-peppermint. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium BB Pascapanen pada bulan Oktober 2020–Februari 2021. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Acak Lengkap satu faktor dengan 5 perlakuan perbandingan konsentrasi sukrosa dan nanoenkapsulat masing-masing sebesar 56:1,5; 55,5:2; 55:2,5; 54,5:3; dan 54:3,5. Pada setiap formula digunakan glukosa 24,3% dan air 18,3%. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Data karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan sensoris dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, sedangkan penentuan formulasi hard candy terbaik menggunakan metode uji pembobotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula hard candy terbaik dan paling disukai adalah formula dengan perbandingan sukrosa:nanoenkapsulat 55:2,5. Formula ini memiliki karakteristik fisik perbedaan warna total (∆E*) 8,52 dan kerapatan 1,774 g/cm3; serta karakteristik kimia yang meliputi kadar air 1,38%; kadar abu 0,75%; kadar sukrosa 51,07%; kadar gula reduksi 4,39%; dan kadar total minyak atsiri 0,31%. Pembuatan permen berbasis eukaliptus merupakan diversifikasi minyak atsiri untuk kesehatan yang dapat membantu melegakan tenggorokan.Kata kunci : Hard candy; nanoenkapsulat; minyak eukaliptus; minyak peppermint, pelega tenggorokan 
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PENGHASIL RIBOFLAVIN DARI PRODUK FERMENTASI SAWI ASIN Ikrimah Nur Laily; Rohula Utami; Esti Widowati
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 2, No 4 (2013): November 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (583.596 KB)

Abstract

Bakteri asam laktat merupakan mikroorganisme yang mampu menghasilkan metabolit, salah satunya adalah vitamin yaitu vitamin B2. Salah satu pangan fermentasi yang memiliki potensi eksplorasi bakteri asam laktat adalah sawi asin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui isolat bakteri asam laktat dari sawi asin yang menghasilkan riboflavin tertinggi dan mengetahui karakteristik isolat bakteri asam laktat yang menghasilkan riboflavin tertinggi. Karakter morfologi koloni dan sel bakteri dianalisis secara kualitatif. Produksi riboflavin oleh bakteri asam laktat dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS 17.0. Karakteristik fenotip dari isolat terpilih dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan 10 isolat dari hasil isolasi bakteri asam laktat dari sawi asin dengan riboflavin tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 2,07 mg/L oleh isolat dengan kode ISA9. Karakter isolat penghasil riboflavin tertinggi adalah tumbuh pada konsentrasi garam 6,5%, suhu 10oC dan 45oC, pH 4,4, dan memiliki tipe fermentasi heterofermentatif. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang didapatkan termasuk dalam genera Lactobacillus.
Produksi dan Karakterisasi Enzim Pektinase oleh Bakteri Pektinolitik dalam Klarifikasi Jus Jeruk Manis (Citrus cinensis) Esti Widowati; Rohula Utami; Edhi Nurhartadi; M.A.M. Andriani; Ambar Wuri Wigati
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Februari 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (235.034 KB)

Abstract

Senyawa pektin dapat menyebabkan jus jeruk tampak keruh dan berkabut. Klarifikasi dengan enzim pektinase dapat dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kekeruhan tersebut. Enzim pektinase diisolasi dari bakteri pektinolitik yang diperoleh dari limbah kulit jeruk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri pektinolitik dari limbah kulit jeruk, menentukan karakter enzim pektinase (pH optimum, suhu optimum, KM dan Vmaks) dan mengetahui pengaruh enzim pektinase dalam klarifikasi jus jeruk manis. Hasil pewarnaan Gram dan pewarnaan endospora menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat bakteri yang didapatkan termasuk bakteri Gram negative dan tidak menghasilkan spora. Dari sepuluh isolat bakteri dipilih tiga isolat yang menghasilkan enzim yang terbaik dalam proses klarifikasi jus jeruk manis yaitu isolat 2, 3 dan 9. Isolat dipilih berdasarkan pada nilai viskositas yang rendah, nilai total padatan terlarut yang tinggi dan nilai transmitansi yang tinggi. Karakter enzim ditentukan berdasarkan pH optimum, suhu optimum, kestabilan pH dan suhu, nilai KM dan Vmaks. Isolat 2, 3 dan 9 optimum pada pH 4,0, Isolat 2 optimum pada suhu 450C, Isolat 3 dan 9 optimum pada suhu 500C. Isolat 2, 3 dan 9 stabil pada kisaran pH 3,0-4,0 dan suhu 30-500C. Nilai KM isolat 2, 3 dan 9 berturut-turut yaitu 0,0246; 0,0199; 0,0170 mg/ml, sedangkan nilai Vmaks berturut-turut yaitu 0,0402; 0,0393; 0,0386 U/ml.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Pendahuluan Terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC) Lia Umi Khasanah; Kawiji Kawiji; Rohula Utami; Yoga Meidiantoro Aji
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Mei 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (195.983 KB)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi perlakuan pendahuluan (daun segar utuh, daun pemeraman, daun kering angin giling kasar (15 mesh), dan daun kering angin giling halus (60 mesh)) terhadap karakteristik mutu minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut yang meliputi rendemen, berat jenis, putaran optik, indeks bias, viskositas, dan kelarutan dalam alkohol 70% serta kandungan dan kadar senyawa aktif minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut terpilih. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut dengan perlakuan pemeraman memiliki rendemen tertinggi sebesar 0,867%. Berat jenis, viskositas, indeks bias, putaran optik, dan kelarutan alkohol 70% berturut-turut sebesar 0,837-0,845 g/ml, 0,016-0,023 N.m/s2, 1,450-1,453 dan 1:3-1:4. Senyawa aktif minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC) terpilih yaitu Citronellal 64,15%, Beta-Citronelol 10,71%, Linalool 5,54%, dan Trans-Caryophyllene 5,31% yang didapat dari hasil destilasi daun jeruk purut dengan perlakuan pendahuluan pemeraman.
Binding of Aflatoxin B1 to Lactobacillus paracasei SNP-2 and Stability of Bacteria-AFB1 Complex Rohula Utami; Tyas Utami; Suparmo Suparmo; Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress Vol 14, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ifnp.24258

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the binding ability of viable and non-viable of Lactobacillus paracasei SNP-2 to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.3. Bacterial cells were grown in MRS broth at 37 °C for 24 h, and then centrifuged at 1,800g[a1]  for 20 min at 10 °C to get the pellet. Pellet was suspended in PBS pH 7.3 until the cell concentration was about 1010 CFU/ml. Viable cells, the heated, and acid-killed cells were evaluated their ability to bind AFB1 in PBS pH 7.3. Stability of the L. paracasei SNP-2/AFB1 complexes was evaluated by determining the amount of the released AFB1 to the PBS following five times washing. The results showed that AFB1 binding ability to heat-and acid-kill bacteria were higher than that of by viable cells. More than 70% of bound AFB1 was released from viable bacteria after five times washing. However, the heated and acid-killed cell treatments significantly increased the complex stability of bacteria-AFB1
Co-Authors Adhitya Pitara Sanjaya Agrizka Armunanta Putri Alifa Sekar Jannah Ambar Wuri Wigati Andriani, M.A.M Andriyani, Titin A. Arifah Rahayu Arsella Erstya Nugraheni Asri Nursiwi Asri Nursiwi Asri Nursiwi Asri Nursiwi, Asri Bambang Sigit Amanto Bara Yudhistira Baskara Katri Anandhito Baskara Katri Anandhito Baskara Katri Anandito CHANDRA DEWI Choiroel Anam Christina Winarti Cylvia Arinta Agustaningrum Danar Praseptiangga Dea Widyaastuti Dedy Indianto Desintya Dwi Herdiana, Desintya Dwi Dewi Kurniasari Dian Rachmawanti Affandi, Dian Rachmawanti Dwi Ishartani Dyah Ayu Ashari Dyah Ayu Ashari Edhi Nurhartadi Edwi Mahadjoeno Esti Widowati Esti Widowati Esti Widowati Esti Widowati Esti Widowati Esti Widowati Esti Widowati, Esti Feliatra Fenny Fenny Firdaus, Rachmad Abraham Godras Jati Manuhara Godras Jati Manuhara Gusmaini Gusmaini Hanif, Zainuri Haradito, Aditya Hasim Ashari Himawan, Erwin Nur Husnawati Fatihah Habibie Ibrahim, Hasan Aji Ikarini, Imro'ah Ikrimah Nur Laily Kamil, Annisa Katut Kompi Yuniter Kawiji Kawiji Kawiji Kawiji Kawiji Kawiji Kawiji, Kawiji Kendri Wahyuningsih Kendri Wahyuningsih Khusniati, Tatik Lela Fitri Hariyati Lia Umi Khasanah Lintang Sawitri Nugraheni Lulus Nurmaya M, Godras Jati M.A.M. Andriani MA Martina Andriani MAM Andriani MAM Andriani Mandasia Pangastuti Martina Andriani Martina Andriani Martina Andriani Muhammad Faizul Umam, Muhammad Faizul Muslika Kurniasih Nanda Ayu Hapsari Nausika Estetia Putri Jatmiko Noreka Destiana Novita Try Aryani Nugraheni, Krisnawati Setyaningrum Nur Her Riyadi Parnanto Parwitasari, Shintanova Prasetyaningrum Prasetyaningrum, Prasetyaningrum Pratiwi, Reny Fajri Qurothul Uyun R. Baskara Katri Anandito R.Baskara Katri Anandito, R.Baskara Katri Rachmah, Ulfianiza Rahayu, Endang Sutriswati Rini Setyowati, Rini Rizki Amalia Sakinah Ummu Zahroh Sari, Ardhea Mustika Sari, Ayu Purnama Sigit Raharjo Siswanti Siswanti Sri Handajani Sri Yuliani Suparmo Suparmo Syafri Dwiananta Tanalyna Hasna Titiek Rachmawaty Tyas Utami Utami, Annisa Widia Widayani, Erina Windi Atmaka Windi Atmaka, Windi Yoga Meidiantoro Aji Yuli Wijayanti Purwandari Yuniani, Devi Rizky Zaman, M. Zukhrufuz Zoraya A Putri Zoraya A Putri