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Analisis genotip normal dan abnormal pada klon kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis normal and abnormal genotypes of oil palm clones (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . ENDANG-YUNIASTUTI; Ridwan SETIAMIHARJA; Murdaningsih H. KARMANA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryTissue culture-derived plants of oil palmmay develop abnormal flowers in whichprimordial stamens are converted into carpel-liketissue or mantled fruits, and sterile male flowers.This abnormality can be heritable, individualpalm may show variation in mantling andreversion to the normal phenotype over time hasbeen observed. The aim of these experiments wasto analyze the differences between normal andabnormal genotypes by DNA-AFLP. DNA wasisolated from young fruits of three clones,MK152, MK209, and MK 212 each of themconsisted of normal fruits, abnormal fruits andsterile male flowers. The research consisted of (i)selection of AFLP primer which can producepolymorphic bands, (ii) genetic similaritiesanalysis, UPGMA, principal component analysisand specific DNA bands between normal orabnormal genotypes. For primers selection, 20AFLP primers with DNA from MK 152 normaland abnormal genotypes were used. The selectedprimers were then used to amplify DNA of ninegenotypes. The results show that 10 primer com-binations EcoRI/MseI produced polymorphicbands. Each primer from 10 primer producedonly one or two DNA bands indicates that thedifferences between normal and abnormalgenotypes in the same clone. However, nopolymorphism was consistently found betweennormal and abnormal clones in all the sets.Genetic similarity analysis shows that betweengenotype had high genetic similarities, around92-99%. The results of UPGMA found thedifferent clustering between normal fruit,abnormal male and abnormal fruits. The resultsshow same as clustering based on first, secondand third component. This suggest that, whilstAFLP method is an effective way of detectingvariation in tissue culture-derived plants,different approaches are required to identify thecasual basis of the mantled fruit abnormality.RingkasanTanaman kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan darikultur jaringan, umumnya dalam perkembangan-nya akan memiliki organ reproduktif yangabnormal. Abnormalitas berupa primordialstamen berkembang menjadi bentuk jaringanseperti karpel, buah mantel, atau bunga jantanmandul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendapatkan pembeda DNA-AFLP antaragenotip normal dan abnormal pada klon-klonkelapa sawit. DNA diisolasi dari buah muda klonMK 152, MK 209, dan MK 212 yang masing-masing terdiri atas genotip normal, berbuahabnormal, dan berbunga jantan steril. Percobaanmencakup (i) seleksi primer AFLP yang mampumenghasilkan pita yang polimorfis, (ii) analisiskemiripan genetik, UPGMA, komponen utamadan pita pembeda antar genotip normal danabnormal. Seleksi primer dilakukan terhadap 20primer AFLP menggunakan DNA dari genotipMK 152 yang normal dan abnormal. Selanjutnyaprimer terpilih digunakan untuk mengamplifikasiDNA dari kesembilan genotip yang diuji. Hasilyang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa 10 kombi-nasi primer EcoRI/MseI mampu menghasilkanpita yang polimorfis. Dari 10 primer yang diuji,masing-masing hanya menghasilkan satu ataudua pita DNA yang mampu membedakan genotipnormal dan abnormal dalam klon yang sama.Namun, tidak ada pita DNA spesifik yangmampu membedakan genotip normal denganabnormal untuk seluruh klon yang diuji. Analisiskemiripan genetik menunjukkan bahwa antargenotip memiliki kemiripan genetik yang sangattinggi, yaitu 92-99%. Dari hasil UPGMAdiperoleh pengelompokan yang terpisah antargenotip normal, abnormal jantan dan buahabnormal. Hasil tersebut didukung olehpengelompokan berdasarkan komponen utamasatu, dua dan tiga. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa,teknik AFLP tidak efektif untuk mendeteksipembeda antar genotip tanaman yang diperolehdari kultur jaringan, pendekatan lainnyadiperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi abnormalitas.

Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa dan Tipe Sambungan terhadap Keberhasilan Sambung Pucuk Durian (Durio zibethinus M.) Ika Trisna Yanti; Sulandjari Sulandjari; Endang Yuniastuti
Agrosains : Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi Vol 15, No 2 (2013): Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Durian is a tropical native fruit from Indonesia with a distinctive flavor. Durian can be propagated durian generatively and vegetatively. Generative propagation of durian can be done by germinating seeds, which is vegetative propagation can be done by top grafting. Top grafting can be accelerated by the addition of plant growth regulators. Growth regulating substances in coconut water complex compounds are useful in differentiating cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of coconut water and the best type of grafting for the success of durian tops grafting. In this study was conducted in horticultural breeding centers Ranukitri Mojogedang Karanganyar April to September 2012. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of 2 types of treatment that top grafting, namely: cleft grafting, slash grafting, side grafting and coconut water concentration with 5 levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% with 5 replications, so that the total treatment was 75. The results showed that the type of cleft grafting was the best grafting type to be used for the success of top grafting compared with other grafting types. Treating coconut water with a concentration of 25% was able to optimize the growth of durian top grafting than other concentrations.

ANALISIS ISOZIM TANAMAN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangosiana I.) JOGOROGO Dwi Harjoko; Endang Yuniastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 24, No 1 (2009): March
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Mangosteen plant (Garcinia mangostana L.) constitute one of indigenous fruit plant tropical forest at South-east Asia area, one of it Indonesian. This mangosteen plants gets growing with every consideration lowland beginning until a high 800 mdpl. Climatic type would be convenient for mangosteen plant is wet climatic type and climatic dry. Soil type that nicest for plant it is soil type latosol, with natural of the soil it rich organic matter, good aeration, and its earth reaction rather acid until neutral (pH 5-7). Information and publication hits mangosteen plant (Garcinia mangostana L.) now still sparse, it is caused at mangosteen plant paper at Indonesial srill very simple and was universal. At East Javanese province, which is at Jogorogo’s village, those are on Regency Ngawi, found by mangosteen type that have alone idiosyncrasy. Idiosyncrasy numbers Jogorogo’s mangosteen, which is few yellow rubber, ground rind, its taste is nice and easy while is opened. Severally this idiosyncrasy as one of top numbers Jogorogo’s region mangosteen. This idiosyncrasy constitute mangosteen plant potency that needs to be identified to see genetic potency, where gets bearing too with its mophology characteristic. Morphology characteristic of a plant gets bearing hand in glove with growth, viability and ability results quality fruit product. One of effort to know genetic potency and characteristic a plant is with analysis isozim. Isozim analysis method that is utilized is elektroforesis pati’s gel horizontal model with four enzyme systems, which is peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), acid phospatase (ACP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). Observational yielding data as zimogram or isozim’s ribbons that is made in migration distance point (Rf). Migration distance point that resulting being made deep incosistensi distance (euclidean) and is drawned out on analysis dendrogram. Analysis dendrogram was done to utilize method “Hierarchical Clauster Analysis” claustered by “Avergae Linkage (Between Groups). Result observationaling to point out that exists ribbon pattern diversity isozim on 10 mangsoteen plant samples Jogorogo who is marked marks sense 5 ribbon pattern on isozim peroxidase (PER), 6 ribbon pattern on isozim esterase (EST), 4 ribbon pattern on isozim acid phospatase (ACP) and 3 ribbon pattern on isozim aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). Dendogram bases four enzyme systems (PER, EST, ACP, and AAT) on incosistensi distance (euclidean). 15 split up become 4 groups, where is i. Group consisting of 6 samples (number sample 2, 4, 1, 9, 7 and 5) having genetic resemblance 85%, one that point out kinshing relationship among membered its group approaching.

Selection for Growth Traits on M1V1 Generation of Raja Bulu Banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) Obtained by Gamma Rays Irradiation Nandariyah Nandariyah; Endang Yuniastuti; Sukaya Sukaya; Sonia Ika Yudhita
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 36, No 1 (2021): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v36i1.34492

Raja Bulu is one of the banana varieties favored by the community because of its thick fruit flesh and sweet taste. However, its parthenocarpic characteristic and vegetative propagation make this banana variety has limited genetic variation. Attempt to improve the genetic variation was conducted through induced mutation breeding using gamma-ray mutagens. This research aimed to select M1V1 generation of Raja Bulu banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) obtained by gamma rays’ irradiation for their growth traits which are expected to produce banana varieties that have an early maturity and high yield. This study used a randomized complete block design without replication by observing the generative growth of each individual of Raja Bulu banana irradiated by gamma rays and without radiation as a control. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation treatment caused Raja Bulu banana to be harvested earlier and produced higher fruit weight than controls. The gamma-ray irradiation had a random influence on Raja Bulu bananas. The 10 Gy gamma-ray irradiation dosage influenced the morphological diversity in the generative phase of Raja Bulu banana. The treatment of gamma irradiation resulted in 5 individual plants that flowered and matured earlier as compared to controls.

The Characterization of Black Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Endang Yuniastuti; Sukaya Sukaya; Lintang Chandra Dewi; Marshelina Noor Indah Delfianti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is potential as an alternative source of protein other than soybeans and is tolerant to dry conditions, but the cultivation of this plant has not been intensively carried out in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the characteristics of black pigeon pea and investigate the producing areas of black pigeon peas in Gunungkidul. Based on the field survey, 30 types of black pigeon peas were found. They were located in Pringapus and Klopoloro 1 Hamlets. This research was conducted on March-June 2018 in Yogyakarta. The observation variables in this study include research environmental condition and plant morphology, for examples, stems, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Morphological data were analyzed using NTSYS program. The results show that the height of pigeon pea plants ranged from 63 to 176 cm, the number of branches ranged from 18 to 35, the colors of stem were green to purple and the stem thickness was >13 mm. The similiarity of the coefficient value of pigeon peas in Pringapus ranged between 84% and 95%, while the similarity in Klopoloro 1 varied between 80% and 97%.

Karakterisasi Durian (Durio zibenthinus) Ngrambe di Jawa Timur, Indonesia Endang Yuniastuti; Nandariyah Nandariyah; Samuel Reza Bukka
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 33, No 2 (2018): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Durian is a tropical plant which can easily be found in South East Asia country such as Indonesian. Ngrambe village which it is located on Ngawi regency is one of central durian in East of Java. This research aimed to obtain data related to quantity and variety of superior local durian based on the morphological character. This study was conducted at Giriharjo, Ngrambe, Ngawi from October 2015 to January 2016. Based on the field survey, it was found that there are 60 varieties consist of 36 local durians, 9 superior released durians, and 15 introduction durians. By selection process among 60 varieties durian, there was found that 6 of local durians was potential as a superior character to be released as new superior variety. The varieties are local Tugini, local Kasmadi 1, local Kasmadi 2, local 13, local Wasis and local Miyem.

Study of Black Rice Parents Performance and the Crossing Ability Nandariyah Nandariyah; Sukaya Sukaya; Djoko Purnomo; Sutarno Sutarno; Endang Yuniastuti; Catalina Dara Ayu Az-Zahra
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i1.60245

Black rice generally has problems in cultivation such as relatively long plant life, high habitus and low productivity. Plant breeders use several methods in hybridization activities, such as backcross method that can lead to the development towards emphasizing the superiority of each parent. This research aimed to study and determined the success rate of the black rice lines F1 backcross and the parents’ performance. This research was conducted using F1 of promising lines, parental lines and the Jeliteng variety with 9 sets of crosses. Each line and variety were repeated 3 times, in total there were 57 experimental units. The observation parameters of this research were plant height, crossing success, weight of seeds, length and width of grain, flowering age, harvesting age also number of grains and unfilled spikelet. The results of this study showed that parents plant height was positively correlated with the number of productive tillers. The taller the plant, the more productive tillers and the more flowers can be crossed. The success of the cross can increase with the number of flowers crossed. The success of crosses between F1 black rice promising lines and their parents has a success rate range of 10.82% to 33.75%. The findings imply that F1 crossbreeding of black rice promising lines with their parents can be carried out to produce backcross offspring.

Hubungan Kekerabatan Genetik Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Berdasarkan Lima Marka RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA) Fitriyanti, Rafika Indah; Yuniastuti, Endang; Nandariyah, Nandariyah
Agrikultura Vol 34, No 2 (2023): Agustus, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v34i2.41258

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman tropis Indonesia yang mempunyai banyak potensi ekonomi sebagai upaya diversitas buah-buahan. Pelestarian plasma nutfah rambutan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Metode RAPD digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaman genetik antar jenis tanaman rambutan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) dengan 20 primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seleksi 20 primer menghasilkan 5 primer terbaik yaitu (OPD 2, OPD 5, OPD 6, OPD 10, OPD 12), pada ukuran 50-2000 bp dengan total 48 pita (42 pita polimorfik dan 6 pita monomorfik). Tingkat polimorfisme keragaman antar jenis rambutan sebesar 86,24%. Hasil uji dendogram UPGMA menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik yang tergolong tinggi pada rambutan. Terbentuk dua klaster utama dengan tingkat kesamaan antara 56-77%. Rambutan jenis Rapiah berkerabat dekat dengan Sibatuk Ganal sebesar 77%.

Analisis genotip normal dan abnormal pada klon kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis normal and abnormal genotypes of oil palm clones (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . ENDANG-YUNIASTUTI; Ridwan SETIAMIHARJA; Murdaningsih H. KARMANA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 73 No. 1: 73 (1), 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i1.159

SummaryTissue culture-derived plants of oil palmmay develop abnormal flowers in whichprimordial stamens are converted into carpel-liketissue or mantled fruits, and sterile male flowers.This abnormality can be heritable, individualpalm may show variation in mantling andreversion to the normal phenotype over time hasbeen observed. The aim of these experiments wasto analyze the differences between normal andabnormal genotypes by DNA-AFLP. DNA wasisolated from young fruits of three clones,MK152, MK209, and MK 212 each of themconsisted of normal fruits, abnormal fruits andsterile male flowers. The research consisted of (i)selection of AFLP primer which can producepolymorphic bands, (ii) genetic similaritiesanalysis, UPGMA, principal component analysisand specific DNA bands between normal orabnormal genotypes. For primers selection, 20AFLP primers with DNA from MK 152 normaland abnormal genotypes were used. The selectedprimers were then used to amplify DNA of ninegenotypes. The results show that 10 primer com-binations EcoRI/MseI produced polymorphicbands. Each primer from 10 primer producedonly one or two DNA bands indicates that thedifferences between normal and abnormalgenotypes in the same clone. However, nopolymorphism was consistently found betweennormal and abnormal clones in all the sets.Genetic similarity analysis shows that betweengenotype had high genetic similarities, around92-99%. The results of UPGMA found thedifferent clustering between normal fruit,abnormal male and abnormal fruits. The resultsshow same as clustering based on first, secondand third component. This suggest that, whilstAFLP method is an effective way of detectingvariation in tissue culture-derived plants,different approaches are required to identify thecasual basis of the mantled fruit abnormality.RingkasanTanaman kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan darikultur jaringan, umumnya dalam perkembangan-nya akan memiliki organ reproduktif yangabnormal. Abnormalitas berupa primordialstamen berkembang menjadi bentuk jaringanseperti karpel, buah mantel, atau bunga jantanmandul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendapatkan pembeda DNA-AFLP antaragenotip normal dan abnormal pada klon-klonkelapa sawit. DNA diisolasi dari buah muda klonMK 152, MK 209, dan MK 212 yang masing-masing terdiri atas genotip normal, berbuahabnormal, dan berbunga jantan steril. Percobaanmencakup (i) seleksi primer AFLP yang mampumenghasilkan pita yang polimorfis, (ii) analisiskemiripan genetik, UPGMA, komponen utamadan pita pembeda antar genotip normal danabnormal. Seleksi primer dilakukan terhadap 20primer AFLP menggunakan DNA dari genotipMK 152 yang normal dan abnormal. Selanjutnyaprimer terpilih digunakan untuk mengamplifikasiDNA dari kesembilan genotip yang diuji. Hasilyang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa 10 kombi-nasi primer EcoRI/MseI mampu menghasilkanpita yang polimorfis. Dari 10 primer yang diuji,masing-masing hanya menghasilkan satu ataudua pita DNA yang mampu membedakan genotipnormal dan abnormal dalam klon yang sama.Namun, tidak ada pita DNA spesifik yangmampu membedakan genotip normal denganabnormal untuk seluruh klon yang diuji. Analisiskemiripan genetik menunjukkan bahwa antargenotip memiliki kemiripan genetik yang sangattinggi, yaitu 92-99%. Dari hasil UPGMAdiperoleh pengelompokan yang terpisah antargenotip normal, abnormal jantan dan buahabnormal. Hasil tersebut didukung olehpengelompokan berdasarkan komponen utamasatu, dua dan tiga. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa,teknik AFLP tidak efektif untuk mendeteksipembeda antar genotip tanaman yang diperolehdari kultur jaringan, pendekatan lainnyadiperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi abnormalitas.

The Influence of Altitude Toward Vegetative and Generative Growth of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Akbar, Difa Adiba; Yuniastuti, Endang; Supriyono, Supriyono
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i1.1981

Sugar palm is a member of the palm family that offers many benefits. Palm sugar is produced from the male flower, while the fruit is produced from the female flower. The potential of this resource has not been fully realized because most of it is sourced from the wild. This research aims to determine the differences in the growth of palms based on altitude. The research was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024 in Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Purworejo regions. Treatment of altitude is divided into three, namely lowlands (0-400 masl), medium (401-700 masl), and highlands (>700 masl). The parameters used in this research were plant height, stem, number of leaves, leaf width and length, number of productive and unproductive leaves, number of bunches, number of female and male flowers, and number and weight of fruits. Data on vegetative growth were analyzed using ANOVA, and then LSD for further and data on generative growth used the Kruskal Wallis test with a significance level of 95%. The result showed a significant difference between vegetative growth and altitude except for the number of productive leaves and generative growth; there was only a significant difference in the number of male flowers.

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