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Upaya Pembuatan Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Sebagai Bahan Baku Produk Farmasi: Efforts to Make Cashew Nut Shell Liquid as Raw Material for Pharmaceutical Products Maria Saena Puru; Nur Masyithah Zamruddin; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 13 (2021): Proc. Mul. Pharm. Conf.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (252.473 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v13i1.453

Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) is one of the plantation commodities which has a high economic value. However, the utilization is still limited to the cashew, while the shells have not been used as a product. The purpose of this study was to obtain cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) oil from cashew nut shells. Furthermore, efforts were made to purify CNSL which could be used as an opportunity for the use of cashew nut shell oil in the pharmaceutical field. This research was conducted experimentally with the Soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane solvent and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The analysis carried out included yield, viscosity, acid number, specific gravity and pH while the analysis of CNSL purification efforts included screening, management and use of ice cubes. The results obtained were yield (%) 29.76 ? 4.133, acid number (mg KOH / gr) 129.70 ? 10.927, specific gravity (g / ml) 1.086 ? 0.0009, viscosity (cps) 464.79 ? 42.959 and pH 6.13 ? 0.134. The way of purification efforts carried out by physical processes, use, use of ice cubes did not show significantly different results. It can be said that cashew nut shell oil can be used as raw material for pharmaceutical products from the amount of oil yield obtained and requested in the next research to find out more suitable methods for CNSL purification.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Gel Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn): Formulation and Activity Test of Anti Acne Gel Ethanol Contained Extract of Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) Akhmad Ifda Hanip; Dewi Mayasari; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (293.089 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.481

Abstract

Averrhoa bilimbi Linn is a plant that is used by the local community as an itchy and acne remedy. Secondary metabolite content of ethanol extract of Starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) can inhibit the growth of acne bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration in the manufacture of anti-acne gel formulations of ethanol extract of Starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) using HPMC base. Extract concentrations were made of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. After antibacterial tests, the extract concentration used was 7.5% with a inhibition zone of 11.17 mm P.acnes bacteria and 11.30 mm S.aureus bacteria. Anti-acne gel ethanol extract of starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) made 3 replication formulas with extract levels FR1 (7.5%), FR2 (7.5%) and FR3 (7.5%). The results showed that the color of the dark green preparation, distinctive smell, thick, no syneresis, ph 4.7-6.2, scatter power 4.6-5.2 cm, clinginess 6-22 seconds and viscosity of 11-20 Pa.s. Antibacterial activity tests on P.acnes showed a inhibition zone of 10.1-10.73 mm and S.aureus showed a inhibition zone of 10.35-10.93 mm. So, it was concluded that the formulation of anti-acne gel was able to inhibit the growth of P.acnes and S.aureus bacteria and meet physical characteristics.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Lebah Kelulut (Heterotrigona itama): Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Test of Kelulut Bee Propolis (Heterotrigona itama) Ethanol Extract Debby Putri Mutiara Yusuf; Andi Tenri Kawareng; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (262.678 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.549

Abstract

Kelulut bee propolis (Heterotrigona itama) is one of the products produced by bees in the form of sap as a protective bee hive from predators and is commonly used by the community for treatment. This species also produces propolis more than stinging bees, but its potential has not been explored much. Purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of kelulut bee propolis from Kutai Kartanegara. Propolis was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent and evaporated and then carried out phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ethanol extract of propolis was made in concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm. The yield value of the propolis ethanol extract was 36% and the phytochemical test showed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds and the IC50 value of the propolis extract was 282.92 ppm. This indicates that kelulut bee propolis containing these secondary metabolites has weak antioxidant activity.
Pengujian Maksimal Penggunaan Ulang Masker Kain dengan Berbagai Jenis Bahan Baku Masker: Maximum Testing of Cloth Mask Reuse with Different Types of Mask Materials Eni Ayu Putri; Hajrah Hajrah; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (280.963 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.553

Abstract

Cloth masks are used as personal protective equipment from exposure to foreign particles in the air, the use of cloth masks while can reduce the number of medical mask waste number. Cloth masks in use need to be washed repeatedly, so it is necessary to know the effect of washing on the effectiveness and maximum duration of use. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of cloth masks after going through a repeated washing process by looking at their characteristics and filtration ability in filtering bacteria. The experimental research method was carried out by making 3 types of cloth masks from different masks raw materials, cloth masks were washed 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 times. Then it is characterized by looking at water absorption, steam filtration, translucency, and ability to filter Streptococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that the average absorption capacity of the mask in the 10th wash was >60 seconds, while in the 50th washing it was <60 seconds. The results of the steam filtration test are only 4.5% of the masks that have changed characteristics. The results of the translucency test in the 10th wash were 7.4 ±1.67 lux while in the 50th washing the average was 11.4 ±1, 94 lux. The results of the bacterial mask filtering test in the 10th washing were 5.3±5.57 colonies, while in the 50th washing the average was 1.9±2.2 colonies. Based on the characteristic test and bacterial filtering test, there was no significant change in the three types of cloth masks in each wash so that the three types of cloth masks were still effective until the 50th washing. The conclusion is that the cloth masks made have the potential to be used by the public as an effort to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.
Pola Penggunaan Antimalaria pada Pasien Malaria di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Jayapura Periode Januari–Desember 2020: Pattern of Antimalarial Drug in Malaria Patients in the Jayapura Hospital Inpatient Installation During January – Desember 2020 Kornelius Yustico Trimedya Purba; Vita Olivia Siregar; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (259.747 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.562

Abstract

The Jayapura city is one of the endemic areas of malaria in the province of Papua. The use of antimalarial medicine in hospitals has adjusted to a pattern of successful therapy in previous years. The study aims to know the pattern of antimalarial use in malarial patients at the jayapura hospital installation in January - December 2020. The method of research used is a non-experimental study with a descriptive design from the retrospective data that sources the data of the treatment records of malaria patients. Studies show that the age of 17-25 became the most common age to develop malaria by 38 patients (38%). The male group became dominant compared with the female population of 60 (60%). Students are the primary target of malaria with 38 patients (38%). Tropical malaria is the most common of 62 patients (62%). Combination of primaquine + artesunate therapy reaches (66%). For precise indications and precise intervals of time entering into the precision of the treatment of malaria with accuracy (100%) while for right the medicine has a percentage (92%) and the right dosage has a percentage (99%) so it can be maximized in the future.
Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Formulasi Minuman Serbuk Instan dari Sari Daun Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida): Antioxidant Activity in Instant Powder Drink Formulation from Suruhan Leaf Extract (Peperomia pellucida) Meilina Purnama Ningrum; Juniza Firdha Suparningtyas; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (355.643 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.567

Abstract

Suruhan leaves empirically been used as medicine, because has an antioxidant activity that can counteract free radicals that cause various diseases. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of instant powder drinks. This research method was carried out by filtering extract, test the characteristics and antioxidant activity of extracts, formulation and evaluation of instant powder drink used the foam mat drying method, and test the antioxidant activity of the preparations used the 1,1-Diphenyl-2picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that the extract of Suruhan Leaf contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and polyphenols. The extract has a very strong IC50 of 8.8 ppm. The research used the 20% concentration of extract to be formulated as the instant powder drink. The results of the evaluation of physical properties showed that the formulation has green color, in powder form, odorless, pH 5,84, humidity 6,84%, ash content 0,49%, flow rate 3,98 g/s, angle of repose 25,22?, compressibility 26,07%, and dissolving time 68 seconds. Only some of the physical properties of powder have met the requirements of a good powder. IC50 of instant powdered drink preparation is 387,265 ppm, indicating that the preparations antioxidant activity is in the very weak category.
Efektivitas Jenis Bahan Masker Kain Berdasarkan Kemampuan Penyaringan Mikroba: Effectiveness of Fabric Mask Material Types Based on Microbial Filtration Capabilities Nilam Sari; Mukti Priastomo; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (410.25 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.570

Abstract

A cloth mask is a mask that can be used repeatedly and is made of thicker fabric material. Cloth masks circulating in the community have not guaranteed quality. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of fabric mask materials based on microbial filtration capabilities as well as find out the optimal characteristics of the initial use of cloth mask materials and after washing 50 times. This study was conducted experimentally where the effectiveness of fabric mask material by spraying bacterial suspension, and testing the characteristics of fabric mask materials by conducting fiber observation, light intensity test, steam filtration test, water absorption test and water capillary on the fabric. The results of research on the effectiveness of fabric mask materials showed Asymp.Sig >0.05 so that there are significant differences from all types of fabric mask materials. Based on the results of characteristic testing, the fiber material of the initial cloth mask looks better than after 50 washes. Test the light intensity of the outer layer, inner layer, and filter layers p, f and s after washing there is an increase compared to the initial use. Steam filtration tests of outer layers, inner layers and filter layers p, f and s when the initial user takes time for steam to penetrate the fabric compared to 50 washes. The absorption test of the outer layer during initial use does not occur absorption above 60 seconds and after 50 washes begins absorption. The inner layer and filter layer at the initial use do not absorb above 60 seconds and after 50 washes there is absorption under 60 seconds. The p filter layer does not absorb during initial use and after 50 washes. Filter layer f during initial use and after 50 washes there is absorption under 60 seconds. Capillary test results for 60 seconds the outer layer and the p filter layer during initial use do not absorb while 50 times the washing occurs absorption. The inner layer, filter layer f and s increase after 50 washes. The conclusion of the study was that the effectiveness of the mask material was good enough for the inner and outer layers, the p filter layer was more effective than the f and s filter layers. The characteristic test results at initial use were very good, but after 50 washes there was a decrease.
Skrinning Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mekai (Albertisia sp.): Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Mekai (Albertisia sp.) Leaf Ethanol Extract Nur Aini Buring Incau; Maria Almeida; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (274.083 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.575

Abstract

Albertisia sp. is a plant used as eye medicine because to infection of the eye or eyelid tract by the Dayak population in Malinau Regency, North Kalimantan. This study aims to determine whether the extract of mekai leaf has antimicrobial activity as well as activity as an antibacterial or antifungal. The method that was applied this study is extraction with a maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by phytochemical analysis. The agar diffusion technique was used to test the antibacterial activity by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone at of various extract concentrations. According to the findings, mekai leaves contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and phenolics. In the antimicrobial test results, the ethanolic extract of mekai leaf showed activity than M.furfur has a 11,52 ± 7,97 mm, A.niger has a of 10,66 ± 1,36 mm and C.albicans has a 6,31 ± 7,04 mm. Ethanolic extracts of mekai leaf show activity than E.coli 1,59 ± 3,16 mm, P.acnes 2,45 ± 4,55 mm, S.thypii 1,69 ± 3,07 mm, and V.cholerae 1,94 ± 4,21 mm. From this study it was said that the ethanolic extract of mekai leaves might be developed as an antifungal rather than as an antibacterial.
Kajian Penggunaan Obat Off-Label Pada Penyakit ISPA Pasien Pediatri di RSUD Majene: Study of Off-Label Drugs Use in Pediatric Patients at Majene General Hospital Nurul Syafitri AR; Muhammad Faisal; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.368 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.577

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an infection that attacks the human respiratory tract with the highest number of sufferers being found at the age of toddlers. The limitations of the types of drugs that can be used in the age range of children aged 0-2 years cause the treatment of patients to use off-label drugs. categories of off-label age, off-label indication and off-label route of administration. This study is a descriptive type of research with data collection carried out retrospectively, there are 88 medical records of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of Pneumonia, Common Cold, Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma At Majene Hospital in the period January to December 2020. Male (55.68%) and female (44.31%) and found 26 off-label drug prescriptions, off-label drug use classified as off-label age 19, off-label indication use 5 and the use of off-label route of administration 2. The most widely prescribed type of off-label drug is Chlorpheniramine Maleate. According to the literature, the use of off-label drugs is based on a sound scientific basis with low risk. Based on the results of this study, it is known that the use of off-label drugs in children is quite high so that pharmacists need to monitor the risks related to drug use.
Potensi Seduhan Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Kombinasi Madu Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Haid (Dysmenorrhea) pada Wanita: Potential Infusion of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) combined with honey Against the Intensity Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) in Women Pakendek Fefryani; Nur Masyithah Zamruddin; Niken Indriyanti
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Vol. 14 (2021): Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (319.644 KB) | DOI: 10.25026/mpc.v14i1.578

Abstract

Menstruation is a sign that a teenager has entered puberty. Menstruation can cause pain or cramping called dysmenorrhea. In this study, 1 papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) was used combined with 30 ml of honey. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of steeping papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) combined with honey on the intensity of menstrual pain in women. In this test, 2 groups were used, namely the positive test and control using the Quasi Experimental research method by looking at the potential of herbal preparations on the NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) scale sheet given before and after treatment. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the effectiveness of papaya leaf tea with a combination of honey before and after administration to reduce the intensity of pain felt in each subject was significant, namely 0.000 (p <0.05) from the two treatment groups, namely the test and positive control, the comparison of pain was obtained from the leaves. papaya combined with honey was better and more effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain after NSAIDs with a test mean ratio of 11.70 and positive control 9.30.