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Radar Absorber Composite Graphene Oxide/Magnetite/Zinc Oxide in Polypyrole Matrix Xaviera, Allodya Nadra; Nareswari, Vania Agatha; Ananda, Dea Dwi; Azzahra, Hazzha; Tarigan, Thessa Ocatvia Joyetta; Yulita, Tiara Rizki; Sasongko, Nugroho Adi; Basuki, Rahmat
Sorption Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Sorption Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1 June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ss.v1i1.80

Abstract

The development of stealth technology in modern defense systems demands superior radar absorbing material (RAM) innovation. This study aims to synthesize and characterize Fe₃O₄/ZnO modified carbon-based RAM composites in a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix using graphite oxide (GiO). The composites were synthesized via a modified Hummer method as well as a one-pot technique, and characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and VNA. The FTIR characterization results showed that the C=C peak decreased in intensity after the oxidation process, indicating the breaking of the aromatic double bond and the formation of new functional groups such as C–O and C=O. This change was detected in both pGiO and kGiO samples. XRD data showed a shift in the main peaks to 2θ = 11.25° and 42.20° for pGiO and 2θ = 11.56° and 42.40° for GiO-k, respectively. This shift indicates the formation of a more amorphous graphite oxide structure compared to the original graphite.The results show that GiO/Fe₃O₄/ZnO has the highest reflection loss value of -9.20 dB at 10.91 GHz (GiO-p/Fe₃O₄/ZnO 66%-PPy) with an absorption value of 88.03% and rGO/Fe₃O₄/ZnO/PPy the highest RL value reached -7.51 dB at 11.57 GHz (rGO-k/Fe₃O₄/ZnO 66%-PPy) with an absorption value of 82.21%. This research proves that Fe3O4/ZnO modified carbon-based composites in a polypyrrole matrix have high potential as an efficient radar absorbing material and can support the needs of domestic defense technology.
Synthesis of Fe₃O₄ using the Co-precipitation Method with Temperature and Time Treatment as Methylene Blue Adsorbent Kuntjahjono, Mayang Fauziah Putri; Lestari, Aura Puja; Nurhalimah, Siti; Sarweswara, Wikrama; Purba, Farelino Oktavianus; Kaunang, Andrew Miracle; Sasongko, Nugroho Adi; Rahmat Basuki
Sorption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Sorption Studies, December 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ss.v1i2.94

Abstract

Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) possess unique magnetic properties and are widely applied in various fields such as biomedical technology, environmental remediation, and material separation. This study reports the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ using the co-precipitation method under varying conditions of temperature, reaction time, and atmospheric exposure (open vs. closed system). Ferric and ferrous salts were reacted with ammonium hydroxide under controlled heating at 70°C and 80°C for 60 minutes. The synthesized materials were evaluated through visual color inspection, qualitative magnetic response, yield efficiency, and magnetic load-bearing capacity. The results showed that a closed system at 80°C produced the most optimal Fe₃O₄, indicated by a deep black color, strong magnetic attraction (149.86 mN), and a yield of 92.5%. Comparatively, open systems led to partial oxidation of Fe², resulting in less magnetic phases like maghemite or hematite. The findings confirm that controlling synthesis parameters, especially atmospheric exposure and temperature, significantly influences the purity, particle uniformity, and magnetic strength of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, highlighting the importance of optimized synthesis for practical applications.
Comparative Review of Metal Ferrites for Heavy Metals Adsorption in Water Kuntjahjono, Mayang Fauziah; Napoleon, Sultan; Sarweswara, Wikrama; Pandia, Yoselyn Evangelina; Haqina, Zidni Aghna; Sasongko, Nugroho Adi; Nuha, Nuha; Rifai, Akhmad; Basuki, Rahmat
Sorption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Sorption Studies, December 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ss.v1i2.132

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in water is one of the most critical environmental issues, posing direct threats to human health and ecosystems. Various methods have been developed to address this problem; however, adsorption remains the most effective technique due to its simplicity, low cost, and regenerability. In this context, ferrite based materials (MFe2O4) offer great potential as heavy metal adsorbents owing to their combined advantages of magnetic properties, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy separation under an external magnetic field. This review paper provides a systematic comparison of various types of metal ferrites (Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Mg, Cu, and Nd) applied for the removal of heavy metal ions from water. The comparison covers their crystal structures, morphology, surface area, magnetic properties, adsorption capacity, as well as the isotherm models and kinetics underlying the adsorption process. The findings show that each type of ferrite possesses specific advantages and limitations. NiFe2O4 exhibits high structural stability, MgFe2O4 demonstrates high adsorption capacity but is susceptible to dissolution under acidic conditions, CuFe2O4 exhibits strong chemical affinity, and NdFe2O4 shows potential selectivity toward specific ions. Meanwhile, MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4, particularly in composite forms such as MnFe2O4/biochar and CoFe2O4/FAU, stand out with adsorption capacities exceeding 400 mg/g, sufficient magnetic properties, and easy magnetic separation, making them the most promising candidates for water treatment applications. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the structure property function relationship of metal ferrites as selective, stable, and efficient adsorbent materials for heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments.
Co-Authors Afandi, Fajar Gunawan AFFANDI, Fajar Gunawan Aisyah, Audrey Nur Akbar, Amany Zhafira Akhmad Rifai Albubaroq, Hikmat Zakky Ananda, Dea Dwi Anda, Martin Andi Darmawan ANGGI KHAIRINA HANUM HASIBUAN Anitasari, Reza Annisa Indah Pratiwi Arief Budi Santiko, Arief Budi Arif Rahman Hakim Ariyanto, Novy Arsyad, Wifqul Muna Awaf Wirajaya Azzahra, Hazzha Boedoyo, M Sidik Boedoyo, M. Sidik Boedoyo, M.S Bolilanga, Patricya Inggrid Wilhelmina DESSY NATALIA Donny Yoesgiantoro Donny Yoesgiantoro Eka Putri, Virny Zasyana Endang Kusdiyantini Erlambang, Yaumil Putri Fahmi, Ice Fajar Gunawan Afandi Fhandy Pandey, Fhandy Frely Rahmawati Gilbran, Adam Guntur Eko Saputro Haqina, Zidni Aghna Haryanto, Yoyon Hendro Subagyo Hutama, Raihansyah Raja Ice Fahmi Ida Nurfaida Nur Idawati Indriyani, Yunita Irviandi, Risnu Istiqamah, Dita Aprilia Kaisupy, Sarifah Kartika Wijaya Setiawan Kartika Wijaya Setiawan Kaunang, Andrew Miracle Kuntjahjono, Mayang Fauziah Kuntjahjono, Mayang Fauziah Putri Kuntjoro, Yanif Dwi Laili, Nurus Sahari Layalia, Afina Rista Lazuardy, Ardyan Lestari, Aura Puja Maulani, Muh Maulani, Muhammad Mohammad Sidik Boedoyo Muhammad Agung Hardiyanto Muhammad Agung Hardiyanto Murtiana , Sri Nafilah, Syahraini Naima Haruna, Naima Naimah, Khoirun Napoleon, Sultan Nareswari, Vania Agatha Nuha, Nuha Nur, A Ida Nurfaida Nurauliyaa, Aida Habibah Pandia, Yoselyn Evangelina Prasojo, Agus Eko Purba, Farelino Oktavianus Putri, Arananda Dwi Putri, Riyanti Rahmat Basuki Risman, Helda Rosnina Rudi Laksmono S Siswanto Salsabila, Fidela Aurellia Sandri, Azzahra Sari, Chintya Komala Sari, Sholihah Eka Permata Sarweswara, Wikrama Septiani, Marini Setiawan, Risqi Prastianto Simanjuntak, Albin Moniago Siti Nurhalimah Soelistyo, Tri Sri Murtiana Sundari, Sri Supono, Ihsan SURYANTI, RENI Tarigan, Thessa Ocatvia Joyetta ULUL AZMI Ulul Azmi Wahyono, Yoyon Wardani, Maya Larasati Donna Widayatno, Rudy Laksmono Widiyaningrum, Retno Ayu Xaviera, Allodya Nadra Yanuar, Ahmad Ismed Yoesgiantoro, Donny Yulita, Tiara Rizki Yusuf Bramastya Apriliyanto