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Optical Band Gap and Urbach Energy of Cobalt-Doped Magnetite Nanoparticles Derived from Loang Balok Iron Sand Saputra, Kormil; Inayah, Rahmatun; Aminy, Ika Umratul Asni; Ardianto, Teguh; Kurniawidi, Dian Wijaya
KONSTAN - JURNAL FISIKA DAN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA Vol 10 No 02 (2025): KONSTAN (Jurnal Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/konstan.v10i02.786

Abstract

Doping is a practical approach to altering a material's electronic and structural properties, thereby influencing its optical and magnetic characteristics. This study successfully synthesized and characterized cobalt-doped magnetite (Fe2.5Co0.5O4) nanoparticles from natural iron sand via coprecipitation. The main objective was to evaluate the optical properties of the synthesized material using UV-Vis spectroscopy and to compare band gap energies using three approaches: the Tauc method (direct and indirect transitions), the Kubelka–Munk method, and the Urbach energy, an indicator of structural disorder. The characterization results revealed that the incorporation of Co2+ ions into the magnetite structure induced significant changes in the absorption spectra, including the emergence of new peaks and a redshift in the wavelength. The obtained band gap values were 3.71 eV (Tauc-direct), 2.18 eV (Tauc-indirect), and 2.33 eV (Kubelka–Munk), confirming the presence of two types of optical transitions. Furthermore, the relatively low Urbach energy (0.07138 eV) indicated that the crystal structure remained well-preserved despite the modifications induced by doping. This study highlights the importance of employing multi-method approaches for reliable optical characterization and demonstrates that Fe2.5Co0.5O4 materials derived from local resources show promise for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications.
Electronic Properties of Fe3-xCoxO4 (x = 0.25 and 0.375) Synthesized from Natural Iron Sand: Evaluation of Band Gap and Urbach Tail Saputra, Kormil; Inayah, Rahmatun; Aminy, Ika Umratul Asni; Ardianto, Teguh; Kurniawidi, Dian W.
Jurnal Teras Fisika: Teori, Modeling, dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol 8 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teras Fisika: Teori, Modeling, dan Aplikasi Fisika
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jtf.2025.8.2.17580

Abstract

Fe3-xCoxO4 nanoparticles (x = 0.25 and 0.375) were successfully synthesized using natural iron sand as the base material through a coprecipitation method with the addition of CoCl2·6H2O as a cobalt source. Optical characterization was carried out using UV–Vis spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 200–800 nm to analyze the electronic properties of the material. The measurement results showed that increasing the cobalt fraction strengthened the absorption in the visible region and shifted the absorption onset to lower energies, indicating a narrowing of the band gap energy. Tauc analysis revealed that the direct gap energy decreased from 2.271 eV (x = 0.25) to 2.221 eV (x = 0.375), while the indirect gap energy decreased from 2.222 eV to 2.204 eV. Furthermore, the Urbach energy calculation shows an increase from 0.073 eV at x = 0.25 to 0.074 eV at x = 0.375, indicating an increase in local disorder that broadens the band tail. This finding is consistent with previous research reports on Co-doped magnetite and CoFe2O4, and confirms that cobalt doping is effective in enhancing the visible light absorption capacity. Thus, Fe3-xCoxO4 based on natural iron sand, especially at x = 0.375, has potential applications as an active material in visible light-based photocatalysis and solar energy optoelectronic devices.
Development of an Ethnorealistic Mathematics-Based Electronic Module Integrated with Assemblr 3D in the Context of Lebak Batik to Improve Students' Conceptual Understanding Subekhi, Andri Imam; Kusmana, Nandang; Ardianto, Teguh; Fariji, Irvan; Junaedi, Yusup
JURNAL INOVASI PENDIDIKAN DAN SAINS Vol 6 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51673/jips.v6i3.2642

Abstract

This study aims to develop an Ethno-RME-based e-module integrated with Assemblr 3D in the context of Lebak Batik that is feasible, practical, and effective to improve students' conceptual understanding. This research is included in the research and development referring to the ADDIE development model including the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The testing of the e-module media in learning and testing the ability to understand mathematical concepts was carried out on fifth-grade students at an Elementary School in Banten Province. The trial design of this study used a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design . The results showed that the average percentage of the e-module feasibility score from both validators was 87% with very feasible criteria. The use of the e-module in the limited trial obtained an average score from teachers and students of 75.2% with practical criteria. Ethno-RME-based e-module integrated with Assemblr 3D in the context of Lebak Batik effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts, as indicated by a difference in conceptual understanding test results from 40 to 86.5 with an N-Gain score of 0.77 in the high category. These results indicate that the e-module The developed materials have the criteria of being feasible, practical and effective in improving students' understanding of concepts