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All Journal Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Health Notions Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya Biomolecular and Health Science Journal Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Folia Medica Indonesiana Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Trisniartami Setyaningrum
Departemen/ SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit Dan Kelamin, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga/ RSU Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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The Association of Demographic and Risk Factors with the Degree of Photoaging Based on the Glogau Classification in Patients with Photoaging Nayla Valinka Almira; Trisniartami Setyaningrum; Novira Widajanti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.967

Abstract

Skin aging is influenced by intrinsic biological processes and extrinsic factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pollution, smoking, and dietary habits. In tropical countries such as Indonesia, chronic exposure to intense sunlight accelerates photoaging and increases the risk of skin damage. However, studies using standardized photoaging classifications in Indonesian populations, particularly in Surabaya, remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the association between demographic characteristics and risk factors with the degree of photoaging based on the Glogau classification among patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2018 to December 2024. A retrospective descriptive-analytic study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with photoaging. Total sampling was applied, and of 326 identified cases, 231 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Data collected included age, sex, occupation, UV exposure, smoking status, coffee and alcohol consumption, clinical manifestations, Glogau classification, and treatment modalities. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages, while associations between demographic characteristics, risk factors, and photoaging severity were evaluated using Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, and Linear-by-Linear Association tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Most patients were female (97.8%), aged 20–<45 years (51.9%), and indoor workers (97.4%). Significant UV exposure was reported by 92.2% of patients, whereas smoking (5.2%) and alcohol consumption (0.4%) were uncommon. Pigmentary changes (87.0%) and wrinkles (67.5%) were the most frequent clinical features, and Glogau II was the most prevalent classification (42.9%). Age and smoking were significantly associated with increased photoaging severity, while sex, occupation, coffee intake, and alcohol consumption showed no significant associations. These findings highlight the importance of early prevention, adequate sun protection, and smoking cessation to reduce the risk of photoaging in tropical populations.
Co-Authors Abdul Karim Ade Fernandes Afif Nurul Hidayati, Afif Nurul Afria Arista Afria Arista Afria Arista, Afria Agatha Anindhita Ayu Ardhaninggar Alarik L., Albertus Alphania Rahniayu Amanda Gracia Manuputty Amira Suryani Rahmatika Anggraeni, Sylvia Arifa Mustika Artaria Tjempakasari, Artaria Asrianti, Nur Ilma Astindari Astindari Astindari Astindari Astindari Astindari, Astindari Aulia Rafikasari Axelia, Presstisa Gifta Bagus Haryo Kusumaputra, Bagus Haryo Budiono Budiono Christina Avanti Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa Cita Rosita SP Damayanti Damayanti - Damayanti Damayanti Damayanti Damayanti Damayanti Damayanti Deasy Fetarayani Diah Mira Indramaya Dinar Witasari Dwi Murtiastutik Dyah Ratri Anggarini Dyah Ratri Anggarini, Dyah Ratri Eden Leonita Eva Lydiawati Evy Ervianti Febrina Dewi Pratiwi Gondo Mastutik Hadiwidjaja, Farsha Naufal Hans Lumintang Hans Lumintang, Hans Lumintang,, Hans Hari Sukanto, Hari Hening Laswati Putra Indiastuti, Danti Nur Irmadita Citrashanty Irmadita Citrashanty, Irmadita Irwadi, Irfiansyah Iskandar Zulkarnain Kathrin Kezia Henry Koesandrini, Kinanthi KUSUMASTUTI, ETTY HARY Linda Astari, Linda LINGGA, FEBRINA DEWI PRATIWI Lisa Aditama, Lisa Lutfia Ariska Ramadhani M. Yulianto Listiawan Mappamasing, Hasnikmah Marsudi Hutomo Marsudi Hutomo, Marsudi Maylita Sari Maylita Sari, Maylita Medhi Denisa Alinda, Medhi Denisa Menul Ayu Umborowati Menul Ayu Umborowati Menul Ayu Umborowati, Menul Ayu Nabiha Missaoui Nayla Valinka Almira Ngesti Kumalasari, Diah Novira Widajanti, Novira Puspowati, Erindah Putri Brillian Betrista Viorizka Qurnianingsih, Ema Rahmadewi Rahmadewi Rahmadewi Rahmatika, Amira Suryani Ramadhina, Anasya Putri Renata Mayangsari Ridha Ramadina Widiatma Riezky Januar Pramitha Rozita Maharani, Dinda Ryski Meilia Novarina Ryski Meilia Novarina Ryski Meilia Novarina, Ryski Meilia Samsriyaningsih Handayani Sawitri Sawitri Sawitri Sawitri Shakti Indraprasta Shakti Indraprasta, Shakti Shelma Maharani Shinta Dewi Rahmadhani Soetojo Suhartono Taat Putra Sulaksanaswastho Suyoso Sunarto, Olivia Awwalin Susanto, Ester Chateline Tasya Wikassa Tengku Riza Zarzani N Widyantari, Septiana Willy Sandhika Yasmin Adzra Nabila Yosi Charly Yuani Setiawati Yuli Wahyu Rahmawati Yuri Widia, Yuri Zada Febrial Effendy Zada Febrial Effendy, Zada Febrial