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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Abdimas Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia Prosiding Semnastek Panrita Abdi - Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Jurnal Chemurgy Industri Inovatif : Jurnal Teknik Industri Afiasi : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal ABDINUS : Jurnal Pengabdian Nusantara Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik : MAJALAH ILMIAH Muhammadiyah Journal of Nutrition and Food Science (MJNF) International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities Journal of Halal Science and Research Indonesian Journal of Chemical Engineering Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah
Zahrul Mufrodi, Zahrul
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Encapsulated aromatic citronella extract (Cymbopogon nardus) and its responses to protein content, solubility, and water holding capacity of catfish bone powder Khairi, Amalya Nurul; Nuraisyah, Fatma; Sirajuddin, Muhammad Mar'ie; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Khasanah, Aulia Ushwatun
Journal of Halal Science and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): February
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/jhsr.v5i1.10061

Abstract

Aromatic citronella contains highly bioactive components that are easily degraded during processing and storage. Their stability decreases due to heat, light, and oxygen exposure. Encapsulation is one method to maintain the stability of bioactive components. This study aims to determine the content of protein, solubility, and water holding capacity (WHC) of aromatic citronella extracted and encapsulated by various maltodextrin concentrations and foam mat drying temperatures of catfish bone powder. The experimental design in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. Temperature variations in this study were 70°C and 80°C, and maltodextrin concentrations were 10% and 15%. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way ANOVA and continued with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) test at the significance level α = 5%. Total protein of encapsulated aromatic citronella extract on catfish bone powder ranged from 17.24-27.34%, solubility ranged from 34.53-55.64%, and WHC ranged from 4.49 – 43.03%. Maltodextrin concentration significantly affected protein content and WHC. Drying temperatures significantly affected the solubility of catfish bone powder with the addition of encapsulated aromatic citronella.
Effects oF Chitosan as Bio-Mordant on Cotton Fabric Dyeing with Various Natural Dyes Evitasari, Rachma Tia; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Mazareta, Selva; Nirmalasari, Jiran
Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah Vol. 40 No. 1 (2023): DINAMIKA KERAJINAN DAN BATIK : MAJALAH ILMIAH
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Industri Kerajinan dan Batik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22322/dkb.v40i1.7991

Abstract

Natural dyes are alternatives to synthetic dyes as batik dyes. However, color results produced by natural dyes were not as good as synthetic dyes, hence mordant compounds were required. As a substitute for metal mordant, it was essential to have another alternative mordant, such as chitosan. This research was intended to analyze the color produced by various sources of natural dyes, betel nut; spurred mangrove (tingi) bark; baheda (jolawe) peel; mangrove bark; mahogany bark; and copperpod (jambal) bark, quantitatively by testing the value of color differences (ΔE) on variations of  the chitosan concentration and fabric dyeing. In conclusion, the use of chitosan could enhance the absorption of dye into the fabric. In a chitosan concentration of  10 g/L, betel nut reached an  ΔE value of 15.40; spurred mangrove 16.26; baheda peel 18.97; mangrove 10.87; mahogany 14.01; and copperpod 19.33. Furthermore, the test of fastness to sunlight with greyscale showed the value in range of 4-5 (good).
Comparison of Activation Methods for Coal Ash as an Adsorbent in the Removal of Lead (Pb²⁺) from Aqueous Solution Wardhana, Budi Setya; Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Febriani, Annisa Vada; Salamah, Siti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.452-462

Abstract

Coal ash, also known as fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be utilized as an adsorbent for removing lead (Pb2+) ions from wastewater. While previous studies have explored both unactivated and activated forms of FABA, few have directly compared their adsorption performance under identical operating conditions. This study investigates the characteristics of FABA before and after activation and evaluates its effectiveness in Pb2+ ion removal. Characterization was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface area and pore structure. XRF results showed that fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are dominated by Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3, which contribute to the adsorption capacity. BET analysis revealed that FA has a higher specific surface area (6.377 m2/g) compared to BA (0.848 m2/g), indicating greater potential for adsorption. The adsorption performance was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) after 60 minutes of contact time at an initial Pb2+ concentration of 100 ppm. Both FA and BA exhibited high Pb2+ removal efficiencies, reaching up to 100% under optimal conditions. Physical activation and chemical activation using neutral (H2O) and alkaline (NaOH and KOH) agents enhanced adsorption efficiency (98–100%), whereas activation with acidic agents (HCl and H2SO4) reduced it to 87–97%. These results demonstrate that FABA, particularly FA, has strong potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal removal. The findings also suggest that water activation offers a simple and sustainable approach for large-scale wastewater treatment applications.
Pelatihan Membatik Pewarna Alami dan Pengenalan Teknologi Mordanting Kitosan pada Balai Agung Cendana Semaki, Yogyakarta Evitasari, Rachma Tia; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Robi’in, Bambang
Jurnal ABDINUS : Jurnal Pengabdian Nusantara Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2023
Publisher : Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29407/ja.v7i1.16173

Abstract

The strategic plan for the development of the Semaki area is to develop regional-based economic, social and cultural communities with various training programs. One of which is handmade batik craftsmen who is in UKM Balai Agung Cendana Batik Tulis. The problems are high production costs and the length of production time in making batik. The purpose is to increase the knowledge and capacity of partners in producing batik with natural dyes by introducing natural dyeing technology so as to reduce the stages of the process so as to reduce production costs. Methods and approaches in implementing this activity are counseling and training. Community service activities at Balai Agung Cendana Batik Tulis were able to increase participants' knowledge in drawing motifs, wax painting, dyeing processes, and pre-mordanting with chitosan up to 100%. The batik training provided to the community was also able to improve the community's skills in drawing and painting batik up to 92% and the skills of dyeing fabrics with natural dyes and chitosan mordanting up to 98%.
Review: Methods for Detecting Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) in Industrial and Biological Puspita Sari, Hutri; Rahayu, Aster; Cahya Hakika, Dhias; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Indah Budiarti, Gita
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.805

Abstract

Industrial and biological wastes are major contributors to environmental pollution and contain high levels of organic matter that can generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) through microbial fermentation. SCFAs are important not only as bioenergy precursors in industrial waste management but also as key biomarkers of gut microbiota activity in biological samples. This review provides a comparative analysis of analytical methods used to detect SCFAs in both industrial and biological matrices, focusing on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The findings reveal that HPLC—particularly Ion-Exclusion HPLC—is most effective for analyzing complex industrial waste samples such as waste-activated sludge (WAS) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), whereas GC-FID is more suitable for volatile-rich wastes like vinasse. Meanwhile, LC-MS/MS demonstrates exceptional accuracy and sensitivity for biological matrices such as feces, serum, and urine, allowing detection at ultra-trace concentrations. These insights underscore the need for optimized, waste-specific detection techniques to enhance environmental monitoring, waste valorization, and health-related SCFA research. Future studies should focus on developing rapid, cost-effective, and IoT-integrated detection systems to support real-time monitoring of both industrial and biological wastes.
ANALISA KARAKTERISASI BIO-OIL HASIL PIROLISIS LIMBAH BANNER DAN CAMPURAN DENGAN LIMBAH SERBUK GERGAJI Firmansyah, Lutfi; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Maryudi, Maryudi; Astuti, Erna; Ismanto, Deny
Jurnal Chemurgy Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Chemurgy-Desember 2025
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/cmg.v9i2.23550

Abstract

Peningkatan limbah banner berbahan PVC dan serbuk gergaji dari industri kayu menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Namun timbulan masalah tersebut terdapat potensi sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengonversi kedua limbah tersebut menjadi bio-oil melalui proses pirolisis. Produk bio-oil kemudian diuji  karakteristik fisik serta kimianya. Proses dilakukan menggunakan jenis reaktor fixed-bed pada temperatur operasi 300–500 °C dengan interval 50°C. Analisis TGA digunakan untuk mempelajari dekomposisi bahan, sedangkan GC–MS untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa penyusun bio-oil.Hasil menunjukkan dekomposisi utama limbah banner terjadi pada 285 °C dan serbuk gergaji pada 338 °C dengan rentang optimum pirolisis antara 300–400 °C. Yield bio-oil menurun dari 22,34% menjadi 1,12% seiring kenaikan suhu, sedangkan syngas meningkat dari 10,47% menjadi 38,44%. Komposisi kimia bergeser dari senyawa ester pada suhu rendah menjadi fenolik dan aromatik kompleks pada suhu tinggi. Kondisi optimum tercapai pada 400 °C dengan densitas 1,07 kg/m³, viskositas 1,15 cP, dan nilai kalor 23,5 MJ/kg.Bahan baku dengan campuran 75% banner dan 25% serbuk gergaji menghasilkan bio-oil lebih stabil dengan dominasi senyawa aromatik oksigenat. Secara keseluruhan, pirolisis limbah banner maupun campuran dengan serbuk gergaji berpotensi sebagai solusi pengelolaan limbah. Baik berjenis plastik maupun biomassa yang memberikan hasil berupa bahan bakar alternatif.
Co-Authors Adi Permadi, Adi Agus Aktawan, Agus Agus Indra Gunawan Aji Ridho Pangestu Amelia, Shinta Arif Hidayat Arpan Efendi Asep Rustiawan Ayu Citra Dewi Azizah, Isti Nur Bambang Robiin Budiarti, Gita Indah Cahya Hakika, Dhias Caraka Putra Bhakti Chici Wardiani Prasongko Dhias Cahya Hakika Dhias Cahya Hakika Dyah Suryani Dyah Suryani Efendi, Arpan Endah Utami Erna Astuti Evitasari, Rachma Tia Farrah Fadhillah Hanum Fatma Nuraisyah, Fatma Febriani, Annisa Vada Fiftin Noviyanto Firdaus Ramadhani Fitri Ramdani Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah Husna, Mar'atul Ilham Mufandi Indah Budiarti, Gita Ismanto, Deny Isti Nur Azizah Jiran Nirmalasari Khairi, Amalya Nurul Khasanah, Aulia Ushwatun Kiagus Ahmad Roni Lutfi Firmansyah, Lutfi M. Idris Martomo Setyawan Maryudi Maryudi Mazareta, Selva Mufandi, Ilham Muhammad Imam Zulfi Muhammad Roy Tri Handono Mustakim, Imam Nirmalasari, Jiran Pelupessy, Safriyati Puspita Sari, Hutri Rafika Dwi Rahmah MZ Rafika Dwi Rahmah MZ Rahayu, Aster Raifa Tryas Shara Robi’in, Bambang Robi’in, Bambang Selang, Sartika S. Selva Mazareta Setya Wardhana, Budi Shinta Amelia Sirajuddin, Muhammad Mar'ie Siti Jamilatun Siti Salamah Sofiana, Nurani Sutrisno, Bachrun Suyadi Suyadi, Suyadi Teguh Ariyanto Totok Eka Suharto Ulung Muhammad Sutopo Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Wardhana, Budi Setya Widyaningrum, Sri Rahayu