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Cytotoxic Activities and Expression of Protein p53 and Bcl-2 Extract and Fraction of Inggu Leaf (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) to T47D Breast Cancer Cells Ariasti, Mia; Titik Sunarni; Wiwin Herdwiani
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i2.538

Abstract

Inggu leaves are plants that have been traditionally used as an alternative to cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of extracts, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and inggu leaf n-hexane fraction (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) on T47D cells and to determine the effect of protein expression of P53 and Bcl-2 genes on inggu leaf active fraction (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers). Extract was obtained through maceration method with ethanol 96% solvent. Ethanol extract was then fractionated with liquid-liquid partition. Cytotoxic tests were performed using T47D breast cancer cells and Vero cells with the MTT assay test method and read the absorbance on ELISA reader. To determine the effect of expression of p53 and Bcl-2, an immunocytochemistry test was carried out. The results showed that the n-hexane extract and fraction of inggu leaves had cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 54,210 and 84,118 µg/mL, while the fraction of water and ethyl acetate fractions had no cytotoxic activity with IC50 value > 100 µg / ml. Inggu leaf extract (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) is able to increase the expression of p53 and inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 at concentrations of 30,19-45,54 µg/mL and n-hexane fraction can increase the expression of p53 and can inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 at concentration 49,96-75,82 µg/mL.
The Potential of Parijoto Fruit Extract Fraction (Medinilla speciosa Blume) as Antibiofilm against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Nafi’ah, Luthfiana Nurulin; Ismi Rahmawati; Titik Sunarni
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i2.547

Abstract

Parijoto fruit extract (Medinilla speciosa Blume) contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids and has antibacterial potential in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. S. aureus bacteria are bacteria that are capable of forming biofilms. This research aims to determine the potential of extracts and fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) in inhibiting the formation and degradation of S. aureus biofilms. Parijoto fruit was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The extract was fractionated using a liquid-liquid partition technique with water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. The antibiofilm activity test against the S. aureus bacteria ATCC 25923 was carried out by treatment inhibiting biofilm formation and biofilm degradation. The method is to read absorbance using a microplate reader with a wavelength of 595 nm. Optical density results to calculate IC50 and EC50 values. The results showed that the extract and fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) had the potential to inhibit the formation and degradation of S. aureus bacterial biofilms. The IC50 of biofilm inhibition in the extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane against S. aureus bacteria was 2.51; 1.03; 1.10; 1.52 mg/ml. The EC50 value of the biofilm degradation test on the extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane against S. aureus bacteria was 1.03; 1.17; 1.37; 1.88 mg/ml. The most active fraction of parijoto fruit (Medinilla specosa Blume) in inhibiting and degrading S. aureus bacterial biofilms is the water fraction.
Pharmacy Strategy Formulation Based on Integration of Balanced Scorecard and SWOT Analysis: A Case Study Ahmad Suriyadi Muslim; Titik Sunarni; Tri Murti Andayani
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i3.7664

Abstract

X Pharmacy Yogyakarta faces increasingly intense competition from growing competitor pharmacies in its operating area. Performance evaluation using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) method has been conducted, but has not been comprehensively integrated with SWOT Analysis for strategic development formulation. Objective: This study aims to formulate a development strategy for X Pharmacy Yogyakarta through integration of Balanced Scorecard performance evaluation results with SWOT Analysis. This study employed a non-experimental case study design with an exploratory descriptive approach. Data were collected prospectively and retrospectively at X Pharmacy Yogyakarta during the period 2017-2020. A total of 65 patient respondents were recruited using purposive sampling for the customer perspective, and all pharmacy employees were included as respondents for the learning and growth perspective. Financial data were retrieved retrospectively for 2017-2019, while prescription data were observed prospectively over 14 working days. Data were analysed descriptively using IFAS and EFAS matrices to determine the pharmacy’s strategic position based on BSC performance evaluation covering four BSC performance evaluation showed that financial performance (GPM, NPM, ITOR) met established standards. Customer satisfaction was high, but patient growth declined. Average drug availability was 93.87% and Drug Related Problems (DRP) were still identified. Employee satisfaction and morale were high, but productivity was low. SWOT analysis yielded a total IFAS score of 2.94 and EFAS score of 2.57, with SO (Strength-Opportunity) as the primary strategy. Recommended strategies include enhanced patient-oriented pharmaceutical services, human resource development, service innovation, and drug management optimisation. Integration of BSC and SWOT analysis produced a comprehensive strategy map that can serve as a reference for X Pharmacy management in improving competitiveness and quality of pharmaceutical services.
Characterization of microencapsulated Saga Leaves Extract (Abrus precatorius L.) and Analgetic Activity Tests in Male Mice (Mus musculus) Nabilah Nauli Jehan; Titik Sunarni; Dian Marlina
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.280-289

Abstract

Background: Saga leaves are one of the plants that have analgesic activity. Saga leaves contain phenol compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Phenol has instability with oxygen, light, and high temperatures. Therefore, the microencapsulation process is necessary. Microcapsule characterization in this study included encapsulation efficiency, particle size, distribution value and morphology. Objective: This research was to determine the characterization of microcapsules and the analgesic activity of saga leaf extract microcapsules in male mice. Methods: The microencapsulation process conducted in this study was carried out using the spray drying method. Saga leaf extract was coated with the coating material in the ratio of 1:20. Several ratios of maltodextrin (MD) and soy protein isolate (SPI) (100%:0%); (75%%:25); (50%:50%); (25%:75%) were applied as the coating material. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by comparing the total phenol content of the extract and microcapsule. Particle size and distribution values were tested using a particle size analyzer. Microcapsule morphology was seen using scanning electron microscopy. Analgesic activity test using the tail-flick method with mice as test animals. Data analysis in this study used one-way ANOVA. Results: The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 31.40-80.29%. The particle size obtained in the microcosm was 17.70-30.90 µm. The distribution value obtained was 1.42-2.45. The morphology of the microcapsule obtained was round and had wrinkles. The analgesic activity obtained in this study resulted in significantly different pain inhibition values before and after microencapsulation. Conclusion: The characteristics of microcapsule preparations are well-known, and the analgesic activity of various microcapsules was 42.43-57.15%.
Antifertility Activity and Chemical Content of Moringa Oleifera Lam Plant Extract on The Reproductive System of Male and Female White Rats Munawir Munawir; Titik Sunarni; Opstaria Saptarini
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 6 No S6 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v6iS6.4821

Abstract

Research shows that Moringa extract possesses anti-fertility effects on the reproductive systems of male and female rats. This study investigates Moringa's active chemical compounds and their impact on reproductive parameters such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and seminiferous tubule diameter, along with hormone levels (progesterone, LH, FSH), estrogenic activity, and the estrous cycle. The research, a literature review, compiles findings from quality international (Scopus) and national (SINTA) journals, Translation and proofreading: there are 8 articles that meet the research inclusion criteria, selected within a range from the year 2010 to 2024. Key active compounds identified in Moringa include alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids (kaempferol and quercetin), and benzyl isothiocyanate, all of which demonstrate anti-fertility effects. These compounds were observed to reduce sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, and to decrease seminiferous tubule diameter in males, while also impacting hormone levels and the estrous cycle in females. The findings support Moringa’s potential as an anti-fertility agent, highlighting its impact across various reproductive parameters in both genders.