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Analysis of Drug Management and Improvement Strategies Using the Hanlon Method at the Pharmacy Installation of Dr. Oen Kandang Sapi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia Vidya Dharma, Cakka Kumara; Titik Sunarni; Ika Purwidyaningrum
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i1.530

Abstract

Medication management is an important factor in ensuring the level of drug availability. The aim of this research is to analyze and provide strategies for improving drug management in the Pharmaceutical Installation of Dr. Oen Kandang Sapi Hospital Surakarta using the Hanlon method. This research uses a descriptive design, with data taken retrospectively and concurrently. Data was obtained from the selection, procurement, distribution, and use stages. In the selection stage, the results obtained were drug suitability with the National Formulary (65.14%) and suitability with the Hospital Formulary (75.07%); Procurement stage: frequency of procurement per year (96 times), frequency of delayed payments from hospitals (0 time). In the distribution stage, the percentage of expired date medicines damaged (0.15%), the accuracy of the data on the number of medicines on the stock card was (95.78%), and the percentage of dead stock (3.61%). Stage of use: number of items per prescription sheet (3.18 sheets), percentage of antibiotic drug prescriptions (8.53%), percentage of injection drug prescriptions (29.86%), the average time to serve prescriptions (non-concocted 8.88 minutes and concocted 17.52 minutes), the percentage of drugs that can be submitted (99.95%), percentage of drugs that are fully labeled (100%). Percentage of prescriptions with generic names (49.26%). The results of analysis using the Hanlon method show that drug management in the Pharmacy Installation of Dr. Oen Kandang Sapi Hospital Surakarta is quite good but needs to be improved continuously.
Cytotoxic Activities and Expression of Protein p53 and Bcl-2 Extract and Fraction of Inggu Leaf (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) to T47D Breast Cancer Cells Ariasti, Mia; Titik Sunarni; Wiwin Herdwiani
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i2.538

Abstract

Inggu leaves are plants that have been traditionally used as an alternative to cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of extracts, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and inggu leaf n-hexane fraction (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) on T47D cells and to determine the effect of protein expression of P53 and Bcl-2 genes on inggu leaf active fraction (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers). Extract was obtained through maceration method with ethanol 96% solvent. Ethanol extract was then fractionated with liquid-liquid partition. Cytotoxic tests were performed using T47D breast cancer cells and Vero cells with the MTT assay test method and read the absorbance on ELISA reader. To determine the effect of expression of p53 and Bcl-2, an immunocytochemistry test was carried out. The results showed that the n-hexane extract and fraction of inggu leaves had cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 54,210 and 84,118 µg/mL, while the fraction of water and ethyl acetate fractions had no cytotoxic activity with IC50 value > 100 µg / ml. Inggu leaf extract (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) is able to increase the expression of p53 and inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 at concentrations of 30,19-45,54 µg/mL and n-hexane fraction can increase the expression of p53 and can inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 at concentration 49,96-75,82 µg/mL.
The Potential of Parijoto Fruit Extract Fraction (Medinilla speciosa Blume) as Antibiofilm against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Nafi’ah, Luthfiana Nurulin; Ismi Rahmawati; Titik Sunarni
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v4i2.547

Abstract

Parijoto fruit extract (Medinilla speciosa Blume) contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids and has antibacterial potential in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. S. aureus bacteria are bacteria that are capable of forming biofilms. This research aims to determine the potential of extracts and fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) in inhibiting the formation and degradation of S. aureus biofilms. Parijoto fruit was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The extract was fractionated using a liquid-liquid partition technique with water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. The antibiofilm activity test against the S. aureus bacteria ATCC 25923 was carried out by treatment inhibiting biofilm formation and biofilm degradation. The method is to read absorbance using a microplate reader with a wavelength of 595 nm. Optical density results to calculate IC50 and EC50 values. The results showed that the extract and fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) had the potential to inhibit the formation and degradation of S. aureus bacterial biofilms. The IC50 of biofilm inhibition in the extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane against S. aureus bacteria was 2.51; 1.03; 1.10; 1.52 mg/ml. The EC50 value of the biofilm degradation test on the extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane against S. aureus bacteria was 1.03; 1.17; 1.37; 1.88 mg/ml. The most active fraction of parijoto fruit (Medinilla specosa Blume) in inhibiting and degrading S. aureus bacterial biofilms is the water fraction.