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Journal : Conservative Dentistry Journal

Antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate paste against α-Hemolytic Streptococcus Darmadi, Eveline Yulia; Soesilo, Diana
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v14i1.2024.24-28

Abstract

Background: The bacteria mostly found in the root canals are aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as α-Hemolytic Streptococcus. Calcium hydroxide has alkaline characteristics with pH of 12.5, and antimicrobial properties. Calcium oxide is hydrophilic and has a smaller molecular weight than calcium hydroxide. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has alkaline properties, good biocompatibility, stimulates healing and inhibits bacterial growth. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of antimicrobial activity between calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), also to find which of these materials has the highest antimicrobial activity. Methods: The design of this study was a post-test only control group design. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups. K (-) was control group without any treatment, P1 was treated with calcium hydroxide, P2 was treated with calcium oxide, and P3 was treated with MTA. Each group consisted of 7 samples. The α-Hemolytic Streptococcus were spread on Mueller Hinton agar. Antimicrobial test was using diffusion method and diameter of inhibition zones were measured with caliper. Results: Average inhibitory zone of each sample was P1 (30.9643 mm ± 0,7431), P2 (35,2357 mm ± 0,7099), P3 (28,6 mm ± 1,5532). Tukey HSD test showed significances results between samples P1 and P2 (p=0,001), P1 and P3 (p=0,002), P2 and P3 (p=0,001). Conclusion: The highest antimicrobial activity against α-Hemolytic Streptococcus was calcium oxide followed by calcium hydroxide and MTA.
Effectiveness of Nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans) against Streptococcus mutans biofilm as cavity cleanser Handriutomo, Yosef Kevin; Soesilo, Diana; Aprilia, Aprilia; Parisihni, Kristanti; Rayhan, Rafialdi; Cahyani, Febriastuti
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): January-June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v15i1.2025.23-26

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is the primary bacterium responsible for dental caries, found in the biofilm on the tooth surface, known as dental plaque. Before restorative treatment or cavity care for carious teeth, a cavity cleanser is necessary to remove residual bacteria that could cause secondary caries or restoration failure. Nipah leaf extract contains phenol, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids, which can destroy bacteria by denaturing proteins and damaging bacterial cell membranes. Objective: To determine the antibiofilm activity of Nipah leaf extract against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Materials and Methods: The materials used were Nypa fruticans leaf extract prepared using the maceration method at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, with chlorhexidine gluconate as the positive control and distilled water as the negative control. Bacteria cultured in BHI media were inoculated into a 96-well flat-bottomed plastic tissue culture plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Optical Density (OD) was measured using an ELISA reader. Results: KM: 0.039; K (-): 0.887; K (+): 0.085; P1: 0.727; P2: 0.463; P3: 0.347; P4: 0.169. The Mann-Whitney test results showed significant differences between K (+) and P1 (0.000), K (+) and P2 (0.000), K (+) and P3 (0.000), K (+) and P4 (0.005), P1 and P2 (0.000), P1 and P3 (0.000), and P1 and P4 (0.000). The results were significant as p < 0.05. Conclusion: Nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans) can inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
The inhibitory activity of Avicennia marina leaf extract on Enterococcus faecalis as a root canal irrigation material Prabanita, Amellindha Salsabilah; Soesilo, Diana; Sularsih; Dwi Andriani; Kuntjoro, Mefina; Prasetyo, Eric Priyo
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): July-December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v15i2.2025.57-61

Abstract

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is considered the most common cause of root canal failure and persistent infection. The standard irrigation solution is 5.25% NaOCl which has drawbacks, such as causing inflammation in the periapical area. New antibacterial agents from natural materials with similar antibacterial properties to chemicals have been developed. Avicennia marina contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and avicequinone, which can inhibit bacterial metabolism. Objective: to determine the effect of Avicennia marina leaf extract with various concentrations on the antibacterial inhibitory power of Enterococcus faecalis as a root canal irrigation material. Materials and Methods: The samples were divided into six groups: K+ (5.25% NaOCl), K- (distilled water), P1 (7.5%), P2 (12.5%), P3 (17.5%), and P4 (22.5%). The leaves of Avicennia marina were extracted using ethanol maceration with a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract, which was then diluted with distilled water to the desired concentrations. The antibacterial effect was tested using the disk diffusion method by applying 0.01 ml of each test sample to sterile paper disks with a sterile micropipette. Results: Inhibition zones were observed as follows: K+ (21.67 mm), P1 (0 mm), P2 (10.50 mm), P3 (13.50 mm), and P4 (14.50 mm). Mann Whitney tests showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between K+ and P1, P2, P3 and P4, as well as between P3 and P4. Conclusion: Avicennia marina leaf extract had antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis at concentrations of 12.5%, 17.5%, and 22.5%.