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All Journal DE JURE Yustisia Arena Hukum Tadulako Law Review INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW STUDIES Lex Librum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambura Law Review Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Media Iuris Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) Amsir Law Jurnal (ALJ) Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Prosiding University Research Colloquium JIPM: Jurnal Indragiri Penelitian Multidisiplin Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Journal of Law and Legal Reform Indonesia Media Law Review Lex Librum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies
Nurul Miqat
Faculty Of Law, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia.
Religion Aerospace Engineering Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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The Fate of Indigenous Peoples' Rights Recognition After the Enactment of the National Criminal Code Sunardi Purwanda; Nurul Asyikeen Binti Abdul Jabar; Rudini Hasyim Rado; Nurul Miqat
Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i2.36636

Abstract

This recognition requires further regulation through a Government Regulation and serves as a procedural requirement for being acknowledged as indigenous peoples. The purpose of this article is to provide us an overview of how the recognition requirements for indigenous peoples as outlined in legislation, both before and after the enactment of the Criminal Code. Additionally, it examines the struggles of indigenous peoples in Ecuador, who have organized themselves into indigenous groups to fight for the rights that have been taken away from them. This research employs a statutory approach, a comparative approach, and an interdisciplinary approach in law commonly referred to as socio-legal research. As a result of this, indigenous peoples often find themselves in a weak position relative to the dominant authority of the state. The government needs to provide political recognition affirming that indigenous peoples are equal legal subjects with the state and possess the capacity to act legally to represent their interests as indigenous groups. With the enactment of the National Criminal Code set for 2026, this recognition may pave the way for indigenous peoples to become equal parties when engaging with the state in matters of customary criminal law. Additionally, the indigenous movement in Ecuador serves as a significant point of reflection. Their ability to unite indigenous peoples and nations under a national framework has profoundly influenced the political and legal landscape.
Restorative Justice Approaches in Criminal Law: Effectiveness and Societal Perceptions in Contemporary Legal Systems I Made Artana; Tomi Apra santosa; Ahmad Aswar Roa; Andi Bustamin Daeng Kunu; Nurul Miqat
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i1.6459

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the restorative justice approach in the contemporary criminal law system and examine public perception of its application. Restorative justice is an alternative approach to the retributive criminal law system that emphasizes the restoration of relationships between perpetrators, victims, and society through dialogue, mediation, and shared responsibility. In recent decades, this approach has been widely adopted in various countries in response to the limitations of the conventional criminal system in resolving conflicts in an ongoing manner. The research methods used include qualitative studies through legal policy analysis, case studies, and empirical literature review on restorative justice programs in a number of jurisdictions. The results of the study show that the restorative justice approach has significant effectiveness in reducing recidivism rates, increasing victim satisfaction, and strengthening social cohesion. However, public perceptions of this approach still vary, influenced by factors of legal culture, the level of public trust in law enforcement agencies, and the understanding of the concept of inclusive justice. This study recommends the need for strengthening regulations, training for law enforcement officials, and public education as a prerequisite for the effective integration of restorative justice in the modern criminal justice system
Analysis of the Legal Substance of Indonesia's Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): Balance of Rights and Obligations Based on National Interest Mira Nila Kusuma Dewi; Nurul Miqat; Sahlan; Sunardi Purwanda
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.5619

Abstract

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) Law: Protection of National Interests and Balance of Rights and Obligations of Investors. This research is a type of normative research that will examine and analyze the Bilateral Investment Treaty which provides a balance between rights and obligations based on Indonesia's national interests. The data collection technique through primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary legal materials that have been collected is invertarily, processed and studied in depth so that an overview of the legal issues being studied is obtained. Data analysis is legal material that has been processed and then analyzed using qualitative methods with content analysis techniques. The results of this study conclude that Indonesia's BIT which is in force until now generally still uses the old BIT model which often causes problems with other parties in the agreement, one of which is a lawsuit through ICSID filed by investors from countries that are partners in the Agreement. Sometimes the value of claims sued by investors is sometimes too large to burden the state's finances. This is what encourages the Indonesian side to review the content of the BIT that has been made. Many BITs have been stopped and some have been amended to avoid an imbalance of rights and obligations between investors and the state. Indonesia's BIT that will be created or is currently in force can be amended by including clauses that contain human rights values, environmental protection, sustainability and economic benefits
Bilateral Investment Treaties in the Digital Era: Implications for Technology and Media Regulation Mira Nila Kusuma Dewi; Nurul Miqat; Susi Susilawati; Ashar Ridwan; Abd. Basir
Indonesia Media Law Review Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/imrev.v4i2.37742

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed the global investment landscape, prompting states to revisit the structure and objectives of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). Initially designed to protect tangible investments through guarantees such as fair and equitable treatment (FET), non-discrimination, and protection against expropriation, BITs now confront a new set of regulatory challenges associated with cross-border data flows, platform governance, and digital sovereignty. The rise of technology and media platforms-characterized by their intangible, mobile, and data-driven nature-raises fundamental questions regarding the definition of “investment,” the scope of investor rights, and the extent of state regulatory space. This article examines the evolution of BITs in the digital era using a normative juridical method, focusing on how international investment law interacts with technology and media regulation. Through analysis of key jurisprudence, particularly Yahoo! Inc. v. LICRA and UEJF and the Schrems I & II decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the study demonstrates that the digital ecosystem demands more adaptive treaty frameworks capable of balancing investor protection with legitimate regulatory objectives such as privacy, cybersecurity, and content governance. The article also evaluates Indonesia’s regulatory landscape, including the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), to illustrate national perspectives on digital governance within the broader BIT reform movement. Ultimately, this research argues that BITs must incorporate explicit digital-era provisions-such as data governance carve-outs, cybersecurity exceptions, and right-to-regulate clauses-to safeguard state sovereignty and public interests while maintaining a predictable investment environment.
Legal Issues of Land Rights in Post-Liquefaction Red Zones in Palu City Yanji, Non Sri Febby; Nurul Miqat; Asri Lasatu
Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35326/volkgeist.v10i2.8269

Abstract

The designation of red zone areas after the 2018 liquefaction in Palu City has generated complex legal consequences for community land rights. This study examines how the red zone policy affects the legal status and protection of land rights holders and identifies the key normative and empirical problems that hinder the realization of legal certainty in the affected areas. A normative-empirical research design was employed, combining a statutory and conceptual approach with field data obtained from the Palu City Land Office and other relevant stakeholders. Data were analyzed qualitatively using deductive and interpretive legal reasoning. The findings indicate that the implementation of the red zone policy has not yet provided substantive legal certainty, as the government tends to prioritize relocation through permanent housing schemes while pressuring owners to relinquish their civil rights through grant-based mechanisms. The research also reveals juridical disharmony between spatial planning regulations and the guarantee of property rights under agrarian law, resulting in a “frozen” legal status of land and prolonged uncertainty. To restore legal protection, a land acquisition scheme with fair compensation is required as a more coherent and rights-based solution. Keywords: Land Rights; Legal Certainty; Liquefaction; Red Zone
Problematik Hukum Hak Atas Tanah Yang Ditetapkan Sebagai Zona Merah Pasca Likuifaksi di Kota Palu Yanji, Non Sri Febby; Miqat , Nurul; Lasatu, Asri
Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 6 No 1: April (2026)
Publisher : Arden Jaya Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57250/ajsh.v6i1.2473

Abstract

Penetapan zona merah pasca likuifaksi di Kota Palu merupakan kebijakan mitigasi bencana yang menimbulkan problematik yuridis terhadap hak atas tanah masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan penetapan zona merah terhadap hak atas tanah serta untuk menemukan problem yang menghambat pemenuhan kepastian hukum bagi pemegang hak di wilayah terdampak. Jenis penelitian adalah normatif-empiris menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sosiologis dan data lapangan yang diperoleh dari Kantor Badan Pertanahan Kota Palu kemudian teknik analisis menggunakan analisis kualitatif dengan penalaran hukum deduktif dan interpretatif. Rumusan masalah pertama bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah yang lahannya ditetapkan sebagai zona merah pasca likuifaksi, yang ke dua apa problem normatif dan empiris dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan penetapan zona merah terhadap hak atas tanah. Hasil penelitian rumusan masalah pertama menunjukan implementasi kebijakan ini belum memberikan kepastian substansif karena pemerintah cenderung mengedepankan bantuan Huntap namun menekan hak perdata warga melalui wacana hibah. Hasil penelitian rumusan masalah ke dua terdapat disharmoni yuridis antara kebijakan penataan ruang dengan jaminan hak milik warga yang terdampak likuifaksi. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketidakpastian hukum substansif, sehingga diperlukan pemulihan hak melalui mekanisme pengadaan tanah dengan ganti kerugian yang adil guna menjamin perlindungan hak milik warga.
The Erosion of Customary Authority and The Riset of Local Ulama In The Normalization of Unregistered Marriages In Indonesian Muslim Communities Salam, Safrin; Miqat, Nurul; Yulestari, Risma; Muhammed, Ibrahim Kayode; Odeh, Callistus
Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52496/mjhki.v4i1.72

Abstract

This study examines the erosion of customary authority and the repositioning of local clerics in legitimizing unrecorded marriage in the Indonesian Muslim community in the context of legal pluralism and modernization. The research is directed to understand how the relationship between customary institutions, religious authorities, and state law reshapes the legitimacy of marriage and legal awareness in contemporary Islamic family law. This study uses a qualitative socio-legal approach based on legal anthropology and sociology of religion, with a comparative case study design on several Muslim communities in Indonesia where the practice of marriage is not recorded as still persisting. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and limited participatory observation. The results show that customary authorities are weakened due to modernization, bureaucratization of marriage administration, migration, generational change, and declining effectiveness of collective sanctions. In this situation, local clerics increasingly occupy a central position as determinants of the legitimacy of marriage through mosque-based authority, religious education networks, and moral leadership. This configuration gives birth to a layered legal landscape, where state law, customary practices, and religious norms coexist unequally, so that social legitimacy by scholars can outweigh weakened customary sanctions and uneven enforcement of state law. This study concludes that the normalization of marriage is not just an administrative failure, but a manifestation of a shift in normative authority in Indonesia's plural legal order. In practice, the study recommends strengthening cooperation between state institutions, indigenous actors, and scholars to improve marriage registration, strengthen legal awareness, and protect the rights of women, children, and families.  
An Analytical Study on the Legal Protection of Bank Employees from the Perspective of Indonesian Labor Law Fatwal, Andi Muh.; Miqat, Nurul; Ansar, Ansar
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i4.3215

Abstract

Employee suspension in the banking sector constitutes an administrative measure that creates legal ambiguity within Indonesia’s labor law system, particularly regarding the status of the employment relationship during the suspension period. This condition directly affects employees’ normative rights, including wages, social security, health protection, and employment continuity. In practice, suspension is commonly imposed in cases involving alleged ethical violations, indications of fraud, or the need for internal investigations in accordance with regulations of the Financial Services Authority. This study aims to analyze the legal status of suspended employees under Indonesian labor law and related regulations, as well as to examine the obligations of employers in ensuring fair protection of employees’ rights. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that suspension does not constitute termination of employment but rather a temporary suspension of work obligations, thereby maintaining the legal employment relationship. Consequently, employees remain entitled to wages and social protection. The absence of specific regulations creates legal gaps that may disadvantage employees. This study recommends the establishment of specific regulations to ensure legal certainty and balanced protection for both parties.
E-Government dalam Perspektif Hukum: Penguatan Aksesibilitas Pelayanan Publik di Tangerang dan Shanghai Salam, Safrin; Suhartono, Rizki Mustika; Miqat, Nurul; Fadjar, Adfiyanti; Mutiara, Upik
Prosiding University Research Colloquium Proceeding of The 22nd University Research Colloquium 2026: Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi dan Psikologi
Publisher : Konsorsium Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA) Koordinator Wilayah Jawa Tengah - DIY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penelitian ini berfokus pada penerapan e-government di Kabupaten Tangerang, yang menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam hal infrastruktur digital, literasi digital, dan perlindungan data pribadi. Sementara itu, Shanghai, Tiongkok, telah berhasil menerapkan e-government dengan efisiensi tinggi, yang menciptakan aksesibilitas layanan publik yang sangat baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan e-government di Kabupaten Tangerang dari perspektif hukum dan membandingkannya dengan keberhasilan Shanghai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan hukum normatif dengan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan kebijakan e-government antara kedua daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Kabupaten Tangerang telah membuat kemajuan dengan aplikasi "Tangerang Gemilang," namun terdapat gap dalam pemanfaatan teknologi dan akses yang terbatas. Sebaliknya, Shanghai berhasil mengimplementasikan sistem e-government dengan infrastruktur yang baik dan tingkat kepuasan pengguna yang sangat tinggi. Kesimpulannya, penguatan infrastruktur digital, peningkatan literasi digital, dan perlindungan data pribadi yang lebih baik sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas e-government di Kabupaten Tangerang. Peneliti menyarankan agar Kabupaten Tangerang belajar dari praktik Shanghai, seperti penguatan kolaborasi publik-swasta dan penerapan teknologi canggih.
TheValidity of Marriage Agreement Regarding Properties in Unregistered Marriages Miqat, Nurul; Ikbal, Muhammad; Fadjar, Adfiyanti; Korompol, Ratu Ratna; Bakhtiar, Handar Subhandi; Syamsuddin, Adiesty S.P.
Yustisia Vol 10, No 2: August 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v10i2.48751

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the married couples engaged in an unregistered marriage and the position of the marriage agreement regarding the property as well as the concept of equal treatment of couples before and after isbat based on the theory of equality. This is important due to the legal gap observed in the norms, especially in relation to the unregistered legal marriages, despite the recognition of religious and registered marriages in Indonesian laws. This is legal research conducted using a conceptual and regulatory approach and the results defined an unregistered marriage as a legal marriage which fulfills the requirements determined by religion. Therefore, the failure to register a marriage does not invalidate its legality but there is a need for the record to be available with the state charged with such responsibility. Moreover, the agreements made concerning properties in unregistered marriages are valid as long as the parties conducted the process voluntarily and fulfill all the elements required. These agreements can also be recognized through the submission of isbat (marriage authorization) which recognizes and stipulates all activities conducted in the marriage before the isbat
Co-Authors Abd. Basir Adfiyanti Fadjar Adiguna Kharismawan Agus Slamet Ahmad Aswar Roa Andi Bustamin Daeng Kunu Andi Intan Purnamasari Ansar Ansar Ashar Ridwan Asri Lasatu Binti Abdul Jabar, Nurul Asyikeen Bustamin Daeng Kunu Crystalia, Mega Datupalinge, Suarlan Fatwal, Andi Muh. Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar Hassan, Abidemi I Made Artana Ibrahim, Kayode Muhammad Ibrahim, Kayode Muhammed Intan Purnamasari Izu, Cynthia C. JUBAIR, JUBAIR Kayode Muhammed Ibrahim Korompol, Ratu Ratna Kunthi Tridewiyanti M. Hatta Roma Tampubolon Mahmuda, Dewi Manga Patila Mira Nila Kusuma Dewi Mohammad Ikbal Borman Mubarak, Ayyub Muhammad Ikbal Muhammad Ikbal Muhammed, Ibrahim Kayode Mustawa, Mustawa Nurhayati Mardin Nurhayati Sutan Nokoe Nurul Asyikeen Binti Abdul Jabar Odeh, Callistus Patittingi, Farida Patittingi, Farida Rafika Nur Ratu Ratna Korompot Razaq, Abdu Rudini Hasyim Rado Safrin Salam Sahlan Suhartono, Rizki Mustika Sulilawati, Susi Sunardi Purwanda Susi Susilawati SUSILAWATI, SUSI Susilawati, Susi Susilawati Syamsuddin Baco Syamsuddin, Adiesty S.P. Syamsuddin, Adiesty Septhiany Prihatiningsih Tomi Apra Santosa Upik Mutiara Virgayani Fattah Yanji, Non Sri Febby Yulestari, Risma