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Seleksi Galur-galur Dihaploid Padi Hitam pada Uji Daya Hasil Lanjutan Kuncoro, Danu; Sani, Mutiyara; Purwoko, Bambang Sapta Purwoko; Dewi, Iswari Saraswati; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi; Maharijaya, Awang; Widajati, Eny; Bambang Sapta Purwoko
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 49 No. 3 (2021): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (326.021 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v49i3.37179

Abstract

Padi hitam merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Pengujian daya hasil merupakan tahapan penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pemuliaan padi beras hitam. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk memperoleh informasi keragaan agronomi dan menyeleksi galur-galur dihaploid padi beras hitam yang memiliki penampilan agronomi baik dan berdaya hasil tinggi untuk pengujian multi lokasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan November 2019 sampai Juli 2020 di Bogor, Jawa Barat dan Malang, Jawa Timur. Sebanyak 23 galur dihaploid padi hitam yang memiliki sifat agronomi baik dengan produktivitas tinggi dan 3 varietas pembanding yaitu Aek Sibundong, Jeliteng, dan Inpari 24 digunakan sebagai materi genetik. Studi ini menggunakan rancangan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan 3 ulangan pada setiap percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter pengamatan kecuali pada karakter lama pengisian gabah berdasarkan analisis keragaman. Sebanyak 14 galur yang terseleksi berdasarkan indeks terboboti memiliki karakteristik jumlah anakan produktif per rumpun dari 15.8 hingga 25.9, umur panen genjah dari 115.2 to 121.9 hari setelah semai, dan produktivitas >5.4 ton ha-1. Keragaan agronomi dan daya hasil galur-galur dihaploid padi yang terseleksi pada penelitian ini memerlukan pengujian lebih lanjut melalui uji multi lokasi untuk memperoleh calon varietas unggul baru padi beras hitam. Kata kunci: agronomi baik, indeks seleksi, kriteria seleksi, kultur antera padi
Preferensi Bemisia tabaci Genn. dan Kaitannya dengan Karakter Anatomi dan Morfologi Daun pada Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Tengku Laila Kamaliah; Purnama Hidayat; Awang Maharijaya; Sobir; Muhamad Syukur
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 50 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (421.358 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v50i3.40312

Abstract

Identifikasi karakter seleksi yang tepat diperlukan dalam pemuliaan tanaman untuk menghasilkan varietas cabai yang tahan terhadap kutu kebul Bemisia tabaci Genn. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan preferensi kutu kebul Bemisia tabaci pada berbagai genotipe cabai, mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi daun terkait seleksi ketahanan terhadap kutu kebul, melihat korelasi antara respon kutu kebul, dalam hal jumlah telur dan jumlah nimfa instar awal, dengan morfologi daun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Agustus-Oktober 2018. Genotipe cabai yang digunakan C00265, CM334, C12, Bara, Ayesha, Ungara, Kastilo, Laris, Cilibangi-2, Landung, dan Yuni. Tanaman yang digunakan berumur 4 MST. Kutu kebul diambil dari tanaman terong di Kecamatan Kersana, Brebes, Jawa Tengah lalu diperbanyak pada tanaman tembakau dan terong. Kutu kebul yang diinfestasikan tidak membawa virus. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak 1 faktor yaitu faktor genotipe. Setiap genotipe terdiri atas dua tanaman dan tiga ulangan. Jumlah telur dan jumlah nimfa instar awal per tanaman memiliki korelasi positif yang signifikan dengan dengan jumlah trikoma, sedangkan epidermis tidak berkorelasi. Panjang dan kerapatan palisade berkorelasi negatif signifikan dengan jumlah telur dan jumlah nimfa instar awal tanaman. Ketebalan daun berkorelasi negatif signifikan dengan jumlah nimfa instar awal tanaman. Warna daun mempengaruhi ketertarikan kutu kebul terhadap cabai.Kata kunci: jumlah nimfa instar awal, jumlah telur, palisade, tebal daun, trikhoma
Genetic variability and stability analysis of chili in three environments Inayah Yasmin Kamila; Maharijaya, Awang; Sobir
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/ija.v51i2.47134

Abstract

Chili is an important vegetable crop consumed by most Indonesian people. Chili production is affected by the limited varieties and low adaptability to growing in different environments. This study aimed to identify the variability of 22 chili pepper on morphology, the genotype x environment interaction, and the stability of 10 chili pepper genotypes in 3 different environments. The study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2022 in Sleman DIY, Bogor, and Blitar. The experimental design used a single-factor randomized complete block design, each consisting of three replicates. The genotypes evaluated were HCR 17-003, HCR 17-004, HCR 17-007, HCR 17-008, HCR17-012, HCR 17-013, HCR 17-014, HCR 17-017, F7-1, F7-2, F7-3, Ca011, Ca013, Ca020, Ca021, Cf002, Cf005, Cf007, Cf010, Cf015, Bonita, and Loblita. Ten genotypes were evaluated in stability analysis, i.e., PKHT A, PKHT B, Bara, Genie, Centil, PKHT C, PKHT D, Bonita, Sona, and Tunduk. The biplot analysis for genetic diversity study showed a total diversity was 40.5% for the two main components. The genotype x environment interaction had a significant effect on productivity. PKHT C and Sona were identified as stable based on the Francis-Kannenberg method. PKHT C, Sona, PKHT B, and Bonita were stable based on the Wricke method. PKHT A and Bonita were stable based on Finlay-Wilkilson methods. PKHT B, PKHT C, Sona, and Bonita were identified as stable based on the AMMI method. The genotype which is stable based on all stability methods was PKHT C. Keywords: AMMI; GxE interaction; parametric stability; variety.
Determination of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) resistance group in shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) Rizki Abi Amrullah; Maharijaya, Awang; Purwito, Agus; Wiyono, Suryo
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 51 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v51i3.47429

Abstract

Shallot anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a devastating disease in a tropical country with high humidity and rainfall. Chemical control of anthracnose is neither economical nor eco-friendly, and genetic resistance is considered an efficient management method. This study aimed to determine the resistance groups of several shallot varieties and predict resistance heritability characteristics. In this study, a total of 13 Indonesian shallot varieties were evaluated for anthracnose resistance and separated into two groups, resistance and susceptible, based on K-means clustering developed by using disease resistance/susceptibility characteristics such as incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, and spot diameter. The results indicate that the Agrihorti, Maja Cipanas, Batu Ijo, and Rubaru varieties were identified as resistant groups based on lower disease severity and incidence, smaller spot diameter, and longer incubation period. Maja Cipanas and Rubaru were more consistent in all variables, which is recommended as a source of genetic resistance genotypes. On the other hand, the Biru Lancor, Bima Brebes, Srikayang, Violetta, Slupu Merah, Pancasona, Sakato, Katumi, and Kuning varieties were identified as susceptible groups based on high disease severity and incidence, large spot diameter, and short incubation period. Keywords: susceptibility characteristics, genetic resistance, k-means clustering, disease severity
Callus formation response from immature male flower explant of plantain banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana cv. Kepok) treated by 2,4-D and BAP Dhiya Nabilla Ardhani; Maharijaya, Awang; Megayani Sri Rahayu
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 52 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v52i1.49008

Abstract

Callus induction is an important step in indirect somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to obtain an optimal medium for the callus formation of plantain bananas (cv. Kepok). The research was conducted from May to August 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of PT. ITCI Kartika Utama, Penajam Paser Utara District, East Kalimantan. The explant used an immature male flower of plantain banana (cv. Kepok). The experiment used a completely randomized design with two factors concentration of 2,4-D (1,2 and 4 ppm) and BAP (5, 10, and 15 ppm). The appearance of callus was monitored daily until it developed explants. On the final observation day, the percentage of explants with callus, as well as the color and texture of the callus, were assessed. The research findings suggest that the optimal medium for inducing callus in male banana flower explants was MS medium supplemented with 2 ppm 2,4-D and 5 ppm BAP. This medium resulted in calluses that exhibited a yellowish-white color and a compact texture. Keywords: callus morphology; genetic improvement; plant growth regulator; tissue culture; triploid banana
Evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer rate based on Upland Soil Test Kit analysis for tomato fertigation Alveno, Vitho; D. Susila, Anas; Suketi, Ketty; Maharijaya, Awang
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 52 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v52i2.52177

Abstract

Upland Soil Test Kit (PUTK) is a rapid soil analysis kit that estimates the nutrient availability in soil. From previous studies, tomato plant production showed a good correlation with available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) analysis using the PUTK. This study aimed to find the optimal P fertilizer rate based on PUTK analysis for tomato fertigation. This experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design, four replications with a single factor, namely P fertilizer rate comprising 0% X, 50% X, 100% X, 150% X, and 200% X, with X the recommended P fertilizer of PUTK on moderate P availability (175 kg ha­1). The ANOVA showed that P fertilizer did not significantly affect the vegetative growth, production, and fruit quality of tomatoes. It means that PUTK analysis had low accuracy as a basis for determining the optimum P fertilizer rate for tomato fertigation. The low accuracy could be due to PUTK underestimating the status of soil P availability. Mechlich-1 analysis showed that the experimental field had high P availability (44.6 ppm), while PUTK analysis still indicates moderate P availability. This shows that PUTK needs to be developed further, especially quantifying the result to help make informed and accurate decisions. Keywords: precision farming; precision fertilization; Upland Soil Test Kit; FERADS; sustainable agriculture
Seed tuber production of potato from stem cuttings, planting densities, and paclobutrazol concentrations Kalsum Yulifar, Andi Sri Ummi; Maharijaya, Awang; Purwito, Agus; Gunawan, Endang; Harti, Heri; Suhartanto , M. Rahmad
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 52 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v52i1.52685

Abstract

Rapid multiplication of potato seed using cuttings is a pivotal strategy for ensuring seed availability. This study aimed to elucidate the interactive effects of node number, paclobutrazol concentration, and planting density on seed potato and cutting productions. The study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment evaluated two genotypes (Granola and PKHT-6) with one or two nodes per cutting. The second experiment investigated planting density (one, three, or five plants per polybag) and paclobutrazol concentration (0, 15, 30, and 45 mg L-1). Notably, node number did not significantly influence cutting success, despite genotype-specific and interactive effects on vegetative parameters like plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and root length. Planting density had no statistically significant impact on all vegetative parameters but demonstrably affected all production parameters. Conversely, paclobutrazol concentration significantly affected all vegetative parameters and influenced all production parameters except tuber weight per plant. From the results of this research, the use of single cutting is more recommended because it will obtain more plant material compared to two-node cuttings. Thus, in a more global context of potato development, this has the potential to increase the production of potato seeds from cuttings twice as much as the current seed production. The use of three plants/polybags is more recommended since it will produce more tuber but not different with five plants, and the use of paclobutrazol 15 mg L-1 is also recommended to increase the number of tubers. In this way, the production costs of G0 potato seeds can be reduced so that the availability of G0 potato seeds will be more guaranteed and affordable. Keywords: Granola; PKHT-6; rapid multiplication; tuber production
Optimizing the production of true shallot seed by inducing flowering in various shallot genotypes Ramdhani, Cahyati; Maharijaya, Awang; sobir; Ritonga , Arya Widura
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 52 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v52i3.58450

Abstract

Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) productivity can be enhanced through various methods, including using true shallot seed (TSS). Successful shallot breeding requires flowering to improve traits through gene transfer between genotypes and to produce TSS. However, one of the primary challenges in TSS production is the variability in the flowering ability of different varieties. This study aimed to examine the impact of flowering induction on flowering traits, pollen viability, and TSS production in several shallot genotypes. The study employed a randomized complete block design with two factors: shallot genotypes and induction treatments. The study found that vernalization treatment significantly increased the percentage of flowering plants in the Bauji, Bima Brebes, and Tajuk genotypes. Additionally, the combination of vernalization (V) and gibberellin (GA3) (V+G) successfully induced flowering in the Maja Cipanas genotype compared to the control. The Bima Brebes genotype exhibited the highest pollen viability following both vernalization and V+G treatment. Furthermore, vernalization also led to an increase in TSS weight in shallots. These findings suggest that vernalization could be an effective strategy for enhancing TSS production in highland areas, thereby supporting the development of high-yielding shallot varieties. Significant positive correlations were observed between TSS weight and several traits, including the percentage of flowering plants, umbel number, umbel diameter, flower number, pollen viability, percentage of plants producing TSS, capsule number, and TSS number. Keywords: Allium cepa; correlation; gibberellin; varieties; vernalization
Bulb selection of shallot local varieties from true shallot seeds (TSS) for bulb split components Nursalma, Linda; Maharijaya, Awang; Sobir
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 52 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v52i3.59795

Abstract

The development of quality shallot seeds from new superior varieties needs to be done because only about 10% of the shallot seed needs are currently covered. However, true shallot seeds (TSS) production from the local varieties, such as the Bima Brebes variety, is still rarely developed and has not been able to produce many split bulbs from TSS. The existence of split bulbs in one plant is preferred by consumers and is beneficial for shallot seedlings. This is related to the number of seeds farmers can use per kilogram of seed obtained. Therefore, this study aimed to select shallots that produce split bulbs from seeds produced from TSS. This research was conducted at Tajur Experimental Farm, Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies IPB University, Bogor. Seedlings were done in beds shaded with transparent plastic that can be opened and closed. The split bulbs produced by the Bima Brebes variety derived from TSS seed sources were still relatively low at 39.69% and significantly different from the comparison varieties at more than 60%. Sanren variety produced split bulbs from TSS seed sources as high as 64.13% and the Maserati variety about 61.25%. Keywords: spit bulb; dry weight; fresh weight; true shallot seed
Aksi Gen Epistasis Duplikat pada Karakter Terkait Toleransi Naungan di Tanaman Tomat Ritonga, Arya W; Syukur, Muhamad; Chozin, Muhammad Achmad; Maharijaya, Awang; Sobir, Sobir
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v12i2.56491

Abstract

Informasi tentang karakter seleksi dan pewarisan sifatnya sangat penting bagi program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh karakter seleksi dan informasi pewarisan sifatnya terhadap cekaman naungan pada tanaman tomat. Populasi persilangan Biparental SSH3 x 4979 (tetua, F1, backcross dan F2) ditanam pada kondisi tanpa naungan (N0) dan kondisi cekaman naungan paranet 50% (N50) di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika – Institut Pertanian Bogor, Pasir Kuda, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa karakter kehijauan daun, fruit set, jumlah buah dan bobot buah per tanaman merupakan karakter seleksi toleran naungan pada tanaman tomat. Terdapat aksi gen dominan dan epistasis duplikat pada karakter-karakter tersebut baik pada kondisi normal maupun kondisi cekaman naungan kecuali karakter fruit set pada kondisi tanpa naungan. Dominansi pada karakter-karakter tersebut bersifat over dominan pada kondisi tanpa naungan, namun dominan parsial pada kondisi cekaman naungan. Ragam aditif lebih berperan dibandingkan ragam non aditif pada karakter kehijauan daun, fruit set, jumlah dan bobot buah per tanaman pada kondisi normal namun sebaliknya dimana ragam non aditif lebih berperan dibandingkan ragam aditif pada karakter-karakter tersebut saat kondisi cekaman naungan. Seleksi pada generasi awal seperti generasi F2 dapat efektif dilakukan pada karakter-karakter tersebut pada kondisi tanpa naungan, namun seleksi pada kondisi cekaman naungan terhadap karakter-karakter tersebut lebih baik dilakukan pada generasi lanjut. Kata kunci: agroforestri, berkelanjutan, tumpang sari, varietas unggul
Co-Authors ,, Rosminah Abdul Hakim Ady Daryanto Afaf, Sausanil Agus Purwito Ahmad Fauzi Ridwan Alveno, Vitho Amalia Nurul Huda Amarilis, Shandra Amrullah, Rizki Abi Anas Dinurrohman Susila Arum Sholikhah Azhari, Andi Bagas Akmala Putra Bambang Sapta Purwoko Bonjok Istiaji Danu Kuncoro Dhiya Nabilla Ardhani Diny Dinarti Diyah Martanti, Diyah Dwinita Wikan Utami Eka Fatmawati Tihurua Endang Gunawan Eny Widajati Erna Siaga, Erna Erna Sinaga Erviana Eka Pratiwi Fazat Fairuzia Hariyadi Harti, Heri Hidayat, dan Purnama Ika Roostika Inayah Yasmin Kamila Iswari Saraswati Dewi Iswari Saraswati Dewi Ita Aprilia J. K. J. Laisina Juharni Kalsum Yulifar, Andi Sri Ummi Ketty Suketi Kristianto Nugroho Kunio Yamada Kusmana Kusuma Darma Kusuma Darma Lina Herlina Lina Herlina M A Chozin Marlin Masaki Ochiai Megayani Sri Rahayu Muhamad Syukur Muhammad Mahmud Muhammad Ridha Alfarabi Istiqlal Neng Neni Neni, Neng Ni Made Armini Wiendi Ni Made Armini Wiendi, Ni Made Niken Kendarini Nina Agusti Widaningsih Nursalma, Linda Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah Prima Muklisa PURNAMA HIDAYAT Purwoko, Bambang Sapta Purwoko Qadir, Abdul Rahmawati, Rika Sri Ramdhani, Cahyati Reflinur Reflinur Reflinur Reflinur Rerenstradika T. Terryana Ria Rif’atunidaudina Riti, Estriana Ritonga , Arya Widura Ritonga, Arya W Ritonga, Arya Widura Rizki Abi Amrullah Romdoni, Arif Rosminah, Rosminah Salma, Linda Nur Sani, Mutiyara Sari Mahyendra Sayekti, Tri Wahono Dyah Ayu Siti Yuliani, Titiek Sobir Sobir Sobir Sobir Sobir Sobir Sobir Sobir SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT Suhartanto , M. Rahmad Sukma, Dewi Sulassih, . Suryo Wiyono Suwarto Suwarto Syarifah Iis Aisyah Tamrin Khamidi Tamrin Khamidi Tengku Laila Kamaliah Tri Handayani Ulil Azmi Nurlaili Afifah Usep Jenudin Willy Bayuardi Suwarno Witjaksono Yudiwanti Wahyu E. Kusumo Yuliani, Titiek