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All Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Indonesian Journal of Medicine Journal of Health Policy and Management Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Bhisma Murti
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Meta-Analysis: Exploring the Impact of Marital Status, Work Environment Conditions, Education, Gender, and Age on Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Professionals Alifia Ayu Romadhona; Annes Rindy Permana; Bhisma Murti; Anggun Fitri Handayani
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.02.09

Abstract

Background: Health is a very complex field because it focuses on healthcare providers. The quality of healthcare can be determined through the job satisfaction of healthcare workers. Factors that can affect the job satisfaction of healthcare workers can be assessed based on marital status, working conditions, education, gender, and age. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of marital status, working conditions, education, gender, and age on job satisfaction among healthcare workers. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA flow chart and PICO model. Population: healthcare workers. Intervention: female, >30 years old, bachelor's degree, single, and good working environment. Comparison: male, <30 years old, diploma, married, and poor working environment. Outcome: job satisfaction. Data were obtained from the Google Scholar, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Springer Link databases. The keywords used were “gender” AND “age” AND ‘education’ AND “marital status” AND “work environment” AND “job satisfaction” AND “health workers” AND “cross-sectional” AND “aOR”. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: This meta-analysis included 12 cross-sectional studies from Myanmar and Ethiopia. The sample size was 3,962 health workers. Marital status (aOR= 1.43; 95% CI= 1.03 to 2.00; p= 0.003) and good working conditions (aOR= 1.55; 95%CI= 1.18 to 2.04; p= 0.002) significantly increased job satisfaction among health workers. Bachelor's degree (aOR= 1.51; 95% CI= 0.53 to 4.83; p= 0.400), female gender (aOR= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.87 to 2.05; p= 0.180), and age >30 years (aOR= 1.81; 95% CI= 0.81 to 4.09; p= 0.150) increased job satisfaction among healthcare workers but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Marital status, work environment conditions, education level, gender, and age affect job satisfaction in health workers.
The Impact of Social Capital, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction on Health Workers’ Performance in Community Health Centers Muhammad Raihan Alfani; Sumardiyono; Bhisma Murti; Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2026.11.01.01

Abstract

Background: Social capital, which includes relationships between individuals, social networks, as well as trust in organizations, is believed to affect the effectiveness of collaboration and communication, which in turn impacts performance. Work motivation plays an important role in encouraging individuals to achieve organizational goals. In addition, job satisfaction, which is influenced by certain factors, contributes to the improvement of individual performance in the workplace. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital, work motivation and job satisfaction on the performance of health workers in health centers. Subject and Method: This study is a cross-sectional  study conducted on health workers at the Subang Regency health center in November-January 2025. The research sample of 203 health workers was selected using random sampling. The dependent variable is performance. Independent variables are social capital, work motivation and job satisfaction. Data collection using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression on Stata 13. Results: Social capital (b= 0.08; CI 95%= 0.02 to 0.14; p= 0.006), job satisfaction (b= 0.60; CI 95%= 0.36 to 0.84; p = 0.000), work motivation (b = 0.21; CI95%= 0.04 to 0.37; p= 0.013) has the influence to improve performance and is statistically significant. Age (b= 0.00; CI95%= -0.02 to 0.04; p= 0.613) there was an increase but statistically insignificant, of sex (b= -0.23; CI95%= -0.76 to 0.29; p= 0.385) followed by a statistically insignificant decrease. Length of work 11-19 (b= 0.01; CI95%= -0.57 to 0.61; p= 0.950) followed by an increase but statistically insignificant. Working time >20 years (b= -0.23; CI95%= -1.03 to 0.57; p= 0.572) followed by a statistically insignificant decrease, strata of puskesmas (b = 0.36; CI95%= -0.17 to 0.89; p= 0.184) there is an increase but statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The performance of health center health workers is influenced by social capital, work motivation and job satisfaction. Age, gender, length of work, strata of the health center are not factors that affect performance.
Effects of Leadership Style and Work Environment  on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Community Health Centers Khuzaimah Triverta; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Bhisma Murti; Okid Parama Astirin; Erindra Budi Cahyanto
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: As primary health care facilities, Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) require human resources with optimal performance and high levels of job satisfaction. Employee perform­ance is influenced by various factors, including leadership characteristics, work environment, salary, and length of service. This study aimed to examine the effects of leadership characteristics, work environment, salary, and length of service on job satisfaction and employee performance at Puskesmas. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 170 civil servant employees selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis. Results: The findings revealed significant indirect effects of leadership characteristics (b = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.59; p < 0.001), work environment (b = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.59; p < 0.001), and salary (b = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.25; p = 0.005) on employee performance through job satisfaction. Length of service had a significant indirect effect on job satisfaction and employee performance through salary (b = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.48; p < 0.001). In addition, job satisfaction had a direct and statistically significant effect on employee performance at Puskesmas (b = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.48; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Leadership characteristics, work environment, salary, and length of service play important roles in shaping job satisfaction and employee performance at Puskesmas. Leadership, work environment, and salary enhance employee performance indirectly through job satisfaction. Length of service does not have a direct effect on performance but influences it indirectly through salary. Furthermore, job satisfaction has a direct and significant impact on employee performance.
Psychosocial Factors Affecting the Performance of Community Health Center Employees Nadia Fitriana Fariati; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Bhisma Murti; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Anik Lestari
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) serve as primary healthcare facilities whose effectiveness is strongly influenced by employee performance. Psychosocial factors such as motivation, leadership perception, delegation of authority, and social capital play an essential role in enhancing work effectiveness. However, unclear task distribution and suboptimal delegation practices remain common challenges that may weaken employee performance. This study aimed to examine psychosocial factors associated with employee performance in Puskesmas. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in 17 Community Health Centers across Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from June to July 2025. A total of 224 employees were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. Multivariate data analysis was performed using path analysis to assess both direct and indirect relationships among variables. Results: Employee performance was directly influenced by the delegation of authority and responsibility (b= 0.42; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.53; p < 0.001) and motivation (b = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.45; p <0.001). Performance was indirectly influenced by social capital and leadership perception through motivation, as well as by motivation and leadership perception through the delegation of authority and responsibility. Length of employment, employment status, and gender showed direct but statistically non-significant effects on employee performance. Conclusion: Employee performance in community health centers can be enhanced through effective delegation of authority and responsibility, increased motivation, positive leadership perception, and strengthened social capital. In contrast, gender, employment status, and length of employment were not significant determinants of performance
Traditional Treatment Choices for Managing Dysmenorrhea Among Adolescent Girls: An Application of the Health Belief Model A&#039;maliatul Khoiriyah; Argyo Demartoto; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol.11 No.1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2026.11.1.907

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common reproductive health problem among adolescent girls and often interferes with daily activities. Various management strategies are used to alleviate dysmenorrhea, including the use of traditional medicine. This study aimed to examine the influence of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs on the choice of traditional medicine for reducing dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. Subject and Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design carried out in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 200 female adolescents were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Multivariate data analysis was conducted using path analysis to identify both direct and indirect effects among variables. Results: The selection of traditional medicine for dysmenorrhea management among adolescent girls was directly influenced by perceived benefits (b = 1.29; 95% CI= 0.61–1.97; p < 0.001) and perceived severity (b= −0.14; 95% CI= −0.71 to 0.43; p= 0.631). Meanwhile, perceived susceptibility (b= 0.81; 95% CI= 0.17–1.45; p= 0.013), perceived barriers (b= −1.53; 95% CI= −2.29 to −0.77; p < 0.001), cues to action (b= 1.44; 95% CI= 0.80–2.09; p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (b= −0.98; 95% CI= −1.61 to −0.34; p = 0.003) had indirect effects on the choice of traditional medicine. The resulting path model demonstrated good goodness-of-fit. Conclusion: Health Belief Model constructs can be effectively applied as a framework for understanding the selection of traditional medicine. HBM-based interventions that emphasize increasing perceived benefits and managing perceived barriers are recommended to support informed reproductive health decision-making among adolescents.
Associations Between Non-Ergonomic Working Posture, Work-Related Stress, Smoking Habits, and Physical Activity with Low Back Pain among Police Personnel in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Viola Widyanita Mahardhika; Sumardiyono Sumardiyono; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Argyo Demartoto
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol.11 No.1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2026.11.1.941

Abstract

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among police personnel. Several factors, including working posture, work-related stress, smoking habits, and physical activity, are presumed to be associated with the occurrence of low back pain. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with low back pain among police personnel. Subjects and Method: This analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design involved 226 male and female police personnel aged 20–40 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, selected using total sampling. The dependent variable was the occurrence of low back pain, while the independent variables included working posture, work-related stress, smoking habits, physical activity, age, and years of service. Data were collected using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to assess working posture, the Police Stress Questionnaire–Operational (PSQ-Op) to measure work-related stress, and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to assess low back pain intensity. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and path analysis. Results: Path analysis showed significant direct effects of non-ergonomic working posture (b = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.29; p < 0.001), work-related stress (b = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.46; p < 0.001), smoking habits (b = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.29; p = 0.007), physical activity (b = −0.16; 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.05; p = 0.006), and age (b = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.22; p = 0.034) on the occurrence of low back pain. Years of service had an indirect effect on low back pain through age (b = 0.99; 95% CI= 0.98 to 0.99; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Non-ergonomic working posture, work-related stress, smoking habits, physical activity, and age have direct effects on the occurrence of low back pain.
Multilevel Analysis: The Impact of Conceptual Social Capital on Stunting in Children Under Five in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, Indonesia Ayun Widya Rizki; Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.04.05

Abstract

Background: Stunted children have inadequate nutritional intake, which may affect neural cell maturation and make them vulnerable to developmental delays, such as delayed motor develop­ment, lower cognitive ability, and slower social responses. Social capital can serve as a stimulatory resource within a community. The concept of social capital was initially understood as a form of trust that people place in their community and in individuals as members of that commu­nity. This study aimed to estimate the association of social capital with stunting among children under five years of age while accounting for contextual effects at the integrated community health post (posyandu) level. Subjects and Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. The target population comprised children aged 6–59 months with stunting. The sample consisted of 100 stunted children aged 6–59 months and their mothers, and 100 non-stunted children aged 6–59 months and their mothers, randomly selected from the working areas of Sumbergempol, Tunggangri, and Rejotangan Primary Health Centers in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were education, income, and social capital. The data were analyzed using multiple multilevel logistic regression, with posyandu as the second-level unit. Results: Multilevel multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of stunting among children under five was lower among those whose mothers had higher education (≥senior high school) (b= −1.17; 95% CI = −2.09 to −0.24; p= 0.013), whose parents had higher income (≥ IDR 1,500,000/month) (b= −0.94; 95% CI= −1.59 to −0.28; p= 0.013), and who lived in communities with high social capital (b= −0.69; 95% CI= −1.34 to −0.03; p= 0.039). The analysis indicated a substantial contextual effect of factors at the posyandu level within villages on stunting among children under five (ICC = 8.90%). Conclusion: The risk of stunting among children under five was lower among children whose mothers had higher education (≥ senior high school), whose parents had higher income (≥ IDR 1,500,000/month), and who lived in communities with high social capital.
Co-Authors A&#039;maliatul Khoiriyah Achmad Arman Subijanto Aem Ismail Ahmad Daffa’ Aushof Ajeng Christiana Putri Pratiwi Alfiana Nur Rohmani Alifia Ayu Romadhona Alifia Nadhimah Putri Alifia Nadhimah Putri Alwan Dhafi Umar Amalia Choirunnisa Andri Setiawan Anggie Rahmatul Azizah Anggun Fitri Handayani Anggun Fitri Handayani Anik Lestari Anik Lestari Anis Lupita Ningrum Annes Rindy Permana Annisa Risnasari Arddha Maha Pawitra Dwi Puspita Dewi Argyo Demartoto Argyo Demartoto Argyo Demartoto Attila Yulaicha Advendila Siregar Aulia Putri Nugraheni Ayu Novita Wulandari Ayu Saidah Ayun Widya Rizki Betriza Deviana Tristian Dhina Nur Irfani Diani Fadmi Putri Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Dinda Nabila Silva Diba Edi Pramono Elsa Tursina Emirza Nur Wicaksono Emirza Nur Wicaksono Erindra Budi Cahyanto Erindra Budi Cahyanto Ervia Fahma Dhony Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Fauziah Shinta Anindita Fauziah Shinta Anindita Fenita Indriani Fenita Indriani Gadis Nur Anggreani Gilang Pamungkas Ardi Putra Hanung Prasetya Hanung Prasetya Hanung Prasetya Hanung Prasetya Hanung Prasetya Ica Yuniar Sari Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto Ika Yuli Ayuningrum Indri Nur Utami Isna Andriani Jihan Nabilla Joko Budiyono Karismatika Surya Gumilar Katmini Katmini Khairina Nur Hidayati Khuzaimah Triverta La Karman Gojali Lestari Indah Maoli Zartika Mashaf Fahrur Murdo Furqon Mentary Febryant Putry Muhammad Fahrezi Al Ghifari Muhammad Raihan Alfani Nadia Fitriana Fariati Natalia Prisca Ibrahim Natalino de Jesus Varela Nathanael Aditya Santoso Nindita Arum Veibiani Noor Alis Setiyadi Noor Alis Setiyadi Noviani, Desi Nugrahaeni, Meita Tyas Nurcahyo Aji Legowo Okid Parama Astirin Okid Parama Astirin Putri Fortuna Salsabila Qumara Wilda Khulwani Rachmawaddah Yolanda Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Regita Azzahra Prasetyowati Rela Hastuti Revi Gama Hatta Novika Revi Gama Hatta Novika Revi Gama Hatta Novika Revi Gama Hatta Novika Revi Gama Hatta Novika Revi Gamma Hatta Novika Rifda Muthia Sabrina Rizka Ayu Setyani Rizky Nur Aprilianti Amalia Rosalia Indri Dewanti Rumpiati Rumpiati Salsabilla Luthfiana Ayu Hafida Septa Santiya Arini Setyo Sri Rahardjo Setyo Sri Rahardjo Setyo Sri Rahardjo Shafa Latifah Siti Mar&#039;atul Munawaroh Siti Mar’atul Munawaroh Sukandriani Utami Sumardiyono Tania Febiola Titis Cipta Purwantanti Tria Fora Delfita Viola Widyanita Mahardhika Virdaria Andriani Wardhatul Livia Yulia Himawati Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi Yuly Peristiowati