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Zulfiayu Sapiun
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Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP)
Published by Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Gorontalo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27751368     DOI : https://doi.org/10.52365/JECP
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Dentistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) merupakan jurnal yang issue tiap 6 bulan sekali (Februari-Agustus) dalam bidang farmasi eksperimen dan farmasi klinik secara nasional. Penelitian eksperimental dalam jurnal ini mencakup penelitian pengembangan obat dan makanan secara in vivo, in vitro, in silico, dan formulasi serta pemeriksaan mutu makanan. Sementara itu, penelitian klinis mencakup uji klinik, case report, case series, cohort, dan crossectional dari penggunaan obat obatan dan kosmetika. Kami juga menerima artikel penelitian mengenai farmasi komunitas dan entreprenuer pharmacy (Pharmaprenuer). Selain artikel penelitian, kami juga menerima karya dalam bentuk review artikel, mini review dan Short Communication. Jurnal ini adalah jurnal akses terbuka Jurnal ini adalah jurnal akses terbukadan tidak memungut biaya publikasi untuk berlangganan, pengiriman, dan penerbitan jurnal.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 82 Documents
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The Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Fruit, Seeds and Leaves of Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D.) using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method Rahmatillah, Annie; Rohmana, Vivin Marwiyati; Mahendra, Andika Dwi; Puspita Sari, Mawar Dela; 'Arifah, Zainul
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1317

Abstract

Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D.) has various compounds that can be used as antioxidants, such as tocopherol, carotene, and phenolics. This research aims to determine which parts of the plant have potential as antioxidants by comparing the antioxidant activity of fruit, leaves, and seeds. Antioxidant activity measurements were carried out using the DPPH method by comparing the absorbance of the control and the absorbance of the sample to determine the percentage of antioxidant activity and IC50 value of each sample. From the measurement results, the IC50 values for pumpkin leaves, seeds, and fruit were 182.85 ppm, 57.04 ppm, and 90.88 ppm, respectively. Based on these results, leaves have the highest antioxidant activity compared to seeds and fruit. The results of this study show that pumpkin fruit and seeds have lower antioxidant activity than leaves. The results of this study show that pumpkin leaves had lower antioxidant activity than seeds and flesh.
Analysis of Medicine Use in Disaster Management Wulandari, Tri; Abriani, Nurul Gilang
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1312

Abstract

Medicine is the basic logistics to meet the basic needs in disaster management. The use of medicine in disaster management is adjusted to the needs during a disaster. Different types of medicine on pharmacological effects determine the use of medicine in the disaster emergency category. This research is to analyze the use of medicine based on the types of markers and pharmacological effects needed in disaster management. Data collection used descriptive design and methods based on medicine use in the last five years of disaster management in Karanganyar district collected from medical records and interviews. Medicine was categorized based on the drug packaging labeling as general sales list, pharmacy medicines, prescription-only medicines, and controlled group medicine. Based on the effect of pharmacology, medicine can be used as vaccines, psychotropics, multivitamins, analgesics, antipyretics, antibiotics, antiviruses, corticosteroids, mucolytics, anthelmintics, gastritis, and flu. So it is concluded that based on the type of marker, there are three, and not all medicines that have a pharmacological effect are used in disaster management. The implication of this study is that medication requests should align with the needs of the specific type of disaster.
Potential of Ciplukan Leaf Extract (Physalis angulata L.) Against Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth in Vitro Rakhman, Farizky; Widayati, Ratna; Turnip, Oktaviani Naulita; Fatmaria, Fatmaria; Hanasia, Hanasia
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1314

Abstract

Pneumonia is a disease that infects the lungs, and antibiotics such as tetracycline show a high degree of resistance. Therefore, the use of alternative natural materials, such as ciplukan leaves (Physalis angulata L.), which the Dayak people commonly use to treat lung diseases, is necessary. This study aimed to prove that the extract of ciplukan leaves can inhibit Streptococcus pneumoniae by measuring the diameter of the clear zone and determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol, and then concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% were prepared. The positive control was levofloxacin 5 µg, and the negative control was DMSO 1%. The average inhibition zone diameters of the ciplukan leaf extract were 5% (0 mm), 10% (0.17 mm), 15% (0.45 mm), 20% (1.95 mm), 25% (2.67 mm). Antibacterial test using the disk diffusion method. From the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney Post Hoc statistical test, a significance value of <0.05 was obtained. Therefore, There is an effect of ciplukan leaf extract on Streptococcus pneumoniae at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25%, with the MIC 15%.
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Bajakah Kalalawit Leaf Extract Priyadi, Muhammad; Gunawan, Yohanes Edy; Saputra, Rizki Rachmad; Decenly, Decenly; Citrariana, Shesanthi
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1321

Abstract

Natural products have long been recognized for their significant role in supporting human health, with natural ingredients playing an essential part in disease treatment and wellness across generations. The bajakah species, particularly bajakah kalalawit (Uncaria gambir Roxb.), has gained attention in recent research due to its potential bioactive compounds. Especially, its antioxidant properties from any part of plant has potential to explore. This study aims to determine the various secondary metabolite compounds possessed by bajakah kalalawit leaves and test their antioxidants. Bajakah kalalawit leaves were extracted using reflux with aqueous solvents, checked for phytochemical profiles using GC-MS, and conducted antioxidant tests using the DPPH method. Based on the phytochemical test, there are 22 predicted compounds in the extract and the antioxidant test results showed an IC50 value of 14.44 ppm. In conclusion, bajakah kalalawit leaf aqueous extract has antioxidant activity and is supported by bioactive compounds.
Formula Optimization of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract-loaded Film-forming Spray using Box-Behnken Design Aulia, Ridha Nurul; Akmal, Tubagus
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1325

Abstract

Film-forming sprays are practical and effective in creating a protective film on wounds that evenly distributes active ingredients. Rosmarinic acid in rosemary has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to accelerate wound healing by enhancing macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation and reducing inflammation. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of a film-forming spray using xanthan gum as a film-forming agent, propylene glycol as a plasticizer, and ethanol as a penetration enhancer. Optimization was carried out using the Box-Behnken design in Design Expert-13, focusing on viscosity, spray diameter, spray angle, area, density, and theoretical film thickness. The optimal base and extract formulas were evaluated for stability over 28 days at room temperature using GraphPad Prism-10. The ideal formula contained 0.1% xanthan gum, 3.6% propylene glycol, and 40% ethanol, with a desirability score of 0.943. The confirmation results showed no significant difference between actual and predicted values, validating the model. The optimal formula had a viscosity of 100 ± 0.00 cps, a spray diameter of 4.52 ± 0.06 cm, a spray angle of 65.70 ± 0.31°, an area of 16.02 ± 0.43 cm², a density of 0.908 ± 0.00 g/ml, and a theoretical film thickness of 0.007 ± 0.00 cm. This formula was then used as the base for the rosemary extract FFS. Stability tests showed that the addition of extracts significantly affected viscosity, spray diameter, spray angle, area, and theoretical film thickness (p<0.05), while density was unaffected (p>0.05). The study’s limitation is the lack of in vivo testing to confirm the formulation's effectiveness in promoting wound healing and its antimicrobial properties.
Application of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) in the Natural Product of Antioxidant Activity Hidayah, Andi Nurul Annisa; Ahmad, Aktsar Roskiana; Rasyid, Faradiba Abdul
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i2.1345

Abstract

The extraction of bioactive compounds from plant-based materials poses significant challenges due to the limitations of traditional organic solvents, including toxicity and environmental impact. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES), formed from natural components at defined molar ratios, have emerged as green, sustainable alternatives for efficient extraction. This literature review aims to investigate the applications, compositions, and effectiveness of NADES in extracting antioxidant-rich compounds from natural sources. Relevant peer-reviewed articles published within the last ten years were retrieved from Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords such as “NADES,” “natural product,” and “antioxidant activity.” Studies included using NADES to extract phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals, or food compounds and address their toxicity, safety, and physicochemical properties. Non-peer-reviewed articles, unrelated solvent systems, and duplicate studies were excluded. The review identified compelling NADES compositions, including choline chloride: lactic acid (1:2), choline chloride: oxalic acid (1:1), and citric acid: glycerol (1:1), which demonstrated high extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity. The tunability of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor ratios allows NADES to be optimized for specific bioactive compounds. In conclusion, NADES offers a promising and eco-friendly approach for future applications in natural product extraction.
Identification of Hydroquinone in Cosmetics Circulating in Kotamobagu City Using Chromatography Method Bahi, Rizky Resvita R; Mappa, Moh Rivaldi; Hasan, Firja; Mokoginta, Warningsih
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i2.1513

Abstract

The use of hazardous materials in facial whitening creams can endanger the health of users. Excessive use of hydroquinone can cause ochronosis, where the skin feels like it is burning and itching. Creams containing hydroquinone are widely circulated in the community and often cause undesirable effects. This study aims to analyze hydroquinone in cosmetics circulating in Kotamobagu City qualitatively using the Thin Layer Chromatography method. The results showed that the Rf value of the hydroquinone standard was 0.87 with a blackish brown stain color. Meanwhile, the Rf value and stain color of samples A, B, C, D and E were respectively 0.37 brownish yellow, 0.62 purple, 0.87 blackish brown, 0.75 blackish brown and 0.80 blackish brown. Based on the results of qualitative analysis using TLC, facial whitening cream cosmetics circulating in Kotamobagu City with samples A, B, C, D and E were positive for containing hydroquinone.
Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Emulgel Containing SnakeheadFish (Ophiocephalus striatus) Dry Extract for Burn Wound Treatment in Rabbit Model Tungadi, Robert; Njotowidjojo, Dyah Muliawati; Ruswandi, Edy; Akhyar, Akhyar; Magfirah, Rima
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i2.1351

Abstract

Burn injuries are a significant health concern requiring effective treatment to accelerate healing and reduce complications. Conventional topical therapies often have limitations, prompting the development of alternative treatments. Snakehead fish extract, rich in bioactive compounds, has been traditionally used for wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an emulgel containing snakehead fish dry extract at different concentrations for burn wound treatment in rabbits. Three emulgels were formulated with extract concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%, then characterized for physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Protein content was determined using the Bradford method. An in vivo study was performed on rabbits with second-degree burn wounds, divided into five groups: negative control (emulgel base), positive control (Burnazine cream), and treatment groups receiving 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% extract emulgel. Wound healing was assessed by measuring wound contraction for 16 days. Organoleptic tests showed no changes in color, odor, or homogeneity during four weeks of storage. The emulgel formulations showed stable physicochemical properties, with pH 6.0–6.5, viscosity 8000–10000 cPs, spreadability 6.8–6.9 cm, and adhesion time over 4 seconds, suitable for skin application. Protein content increased proportionally with extract concentration. The in vivo study showed that 1% extract emulgel significantly accelerated wound healing, with greater wound contraction compared to both controls (p < 0.05). No irritation, erythema, or edema were observed, indicating safety. The 1% snakehead fish dry extract emulgel achieved the most effective burn wound healing in rabbits. The formulation is stable, safe, and has strong potential as a natural alternative for burn treatment.
Effect of Leuhang Therapy on Lung Histopathology, Leukocytes, and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) in Asthma Rat Model Imanulhaq, Hasbi; Septiani, Tria; Parwoko, Nasywa Asy Syaffa'; Ramadhan, Harry Rachman; Laksono, Bambang Tri
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i2.1419

Abstract

The prevalence of asthma is increasing, especially in developing countries due to lifestyle and air pollution. In addition, asthma medications can cause serious side effects, such as the use of the asthma medication LABA, which causes the side effects of tachycardia, tremor, and epicardial elevation, which is considered quite dangerous for the elderly. Sundanese people from West Java have a traditional therapy called Leuhang therapy. This therapy is believed to have various properties, including anti-asthma. In addition, this therapy is also safer and has minimal side effects. This study aims to obtain an optimal Leuhang therapy formula for preventing asthma recurrence and determine the relationship between plant extract vapor in Leuhang and its effects on the organs of asthma-induced mice. The study was conducted by dividing the mice into several groups, namely normal control, positive control, comparison, test I, and test II. Each mouse was given treatment according to its respective group. Based on the results obtained from this study, leuhang therapy with a combination of formulas focusing on anti-asthmatic properties showed anti-asthmatic activity against OVA-induced allergic asthma. The combination treatment decreased the total and differential cell counts in blood and BALF and affected the thickness of mouse lung mucosa and muscle, thus demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties. Leuhang therapy also reduced the infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma, showing its immunomodulatory properties. Statistical tests using One-Way ANOVA showed a p-value of <0.05, meaning that the four groups' mean lung histopathology scores were significantly different. Thus, Leuhang therapy has been shown to have promising potential in the alternative treatment of asthma.
Comparative Analysis of Cost Effectiveness of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime Antibiotic Therapy in Inpatients with Typhoid Fever in Aulia Pandeglang Regional Hospital in 2023 Yusransyah, Yusransyah; Rustiyani, Risa; Nurani, Agnes Wieanita; Stiani, Sofi Nurmay; Udin, Baha; Halimatusyadiah, Leni
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 5, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v5i2.1436

Abstract

Typhoid fever is still a significant health problem for children in developing countries, including Indonesia. This disease is caused by infection with Salmonella Typhi bacteria, which is a Gram-negative bacteria and requires treatment with antibiotics. The use of antibiotics usually takes up a large portion of the hospital treatment budget. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness between two types of antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, in typhoid fever patients at Aulia Pandeglang Hospital, and to find the most cost-efficient treatment. This study is descriptive and observational, with retrospective data collection. The data used came from medical records and cost records of inpatients with typhoid fever in children aged 1 to 11 years at Aulia Pandeglang Hospital in 2023. A total of 20 patients met the study criteria. The outcomes measured in this study were the average length of stay in the hospital. The cost components calculated consisted of direct medical costs, such as drug costs, action costs, inpatient costs, medical device costs, and laboratory fees. The analysis was conducted from the payer's perspective. The results showed that the cost for the effectiveness of using ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was IDR 15,264 and IDR 18,265, with an ICER of IDR 257.9 to increase the effectiveness of cefotaxime. The conclusion of this study is that ceftriaxone is a more cost-effective antibiotic.

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