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Marcellino Rudyanto
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bikfar@ff.unair.ac.id
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Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, East Java, Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23028270     EISSN : 28081048     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikfar.v8i2.31763
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
to facilitate interaction, discussion, and updating of research ideas in the fields of pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Development, Organic synthesis, Analytical chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nutraceutical / functional foods.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Farmakologi
Articles 60 Documents
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Pengujian Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Stick Mask Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis): Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Stick Mask Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Selvia Maslamah Aan; Lina Rahmawati Rizkuloh; Srie Rezeki Nur Endah
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i1.62836

Abstract

The development of the cosmetic industry created many new variations of cosmetic products. One of the beauty products that was developing was a stick mask with the benefit of preventing premature aging. Binahong (A. cordifolia) leaf was one of the plants that had antioxidant activity because of flavonoids that prevent premature aging of the skin. The study aimed to make a stick mask of ethanol extract of binahong (A. cordifolia) leaf and evaluation and test the antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method of the stick mask preparation. The preparation formulation was performed with variations in extract concentration at F0 0%, F1 25%, F2 30%, and F3 35%. Evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesives, dry time, and melting point test showed that the preparations met the standard requirements. The antioxidant activity of binahong (A. cordifolia) leaf ethanol extract stick mask in F3 with 35% extract concentration resulted in very strong antioxidant category with IC₅₀ 1,500 μg/mL.   Keywords:  Antioxidant, Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Mask
The, of The Inhibitory Effect of Encapsulated Lemongrass Leaf Extract with Chitosan against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes : Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Serai Dapur yang Terenkapsulasi dengan Kitosan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes Komariah, Komariah; Rezky Anggraeni; Annisa, Fauziah Rahma; Febry, Febry
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i1.65116

Abstract

The lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) was a potential medicinal plant due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as neral, citral, geranial acetate, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess pharmacological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiinflammatory. However, the antibacterial secondary metabolites contained in lemongrass leaves were unstable, hence required a substance capable of encapsulating or entrapping them using other natural compounds such as chitosan and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The chitosan and TPP ratio significantly affects crosslinking during the encapsulation process. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are among the bacteria potentially causing infections in the oral cavity. The aim of this research was to determine the inhibitory effect of encapsulated lemongrass leaf extract with chitosan and TPP ratios of 1:1, 1:0.9, 1:0.8, and 1:0.7 against S.aureus and S.pyogenes. The research results showed inhibition zones formed on S. aureus and S. pyogenes for each encapsulation ratio of 1:1, 1:0.9, 1:0.8, 1:0.7, were 25.09±0.62 mm, 21.01±0.13 mm, 22.78±0.39 mm, 23.96±0.14 mm, and 24.38±0.45 mm, 21.99±0.34 mm, 22.44±0.48 mm, and 20.49±0.24 mm, respectively. Encapsulation of lemongrass leaf extract using chitosan and TPP ratios was effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and S. pyogenes, with the best ratio at 1:1.   Keywords:  Lemongrass leaves, encapsulation, chitosan, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
Activity And Stability Test of Lip Balm Preparation Formulation from Ethanol Extract of Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) As Sunscreen: Uji Aktivitas dan Stabilitas Formulasi Sediaan Lip Balm Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) sebagai Tabir Surya More, Evanisia; Sui, Chendra Yunike; Rame, Magi Melia Tanggu
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i1.65942

Abstract

Sunscreen was a cosmetic product that could chemically or physically inhibit the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) rays into the skin. One of the medicinal plants with notable sun protection properties was the leaf cherry (Muntingia calabura L.). The total flavonoid and phenolic content of cherry leaves possess unique antioxidants that helped protect the skin from damage caused by sun exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the stability and antioxidant activity of the lip balm extract from cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) at concentrations of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. This research employed an experimental design with four different concentrations: 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Antioxidant testing was conducted using the DPPH method (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), alongside sunscreen activity tests and stability assessments over 28 days at room temperature. The results from the antioxidant testing of the cherry leaf extract lip balm formulation indicated robust antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value showing that at a concentration of 4%, the initial value was 2.12 mg/L and the final value was 2.10 mg/L; at 6% concentration, the initial value was 1.11 mg/L and the final value was 1.13 mg/L; and at 8%, the values should be assessed. The ultra category SPF value was noted at a concentration of 8%, with an initial value of 45.93 and a final value of 33.69. Thus, it was concluded that the cherry leaf extract lip balm preparation had good antioxidant and SPF properties.   Keywords: lip balm, cherry leaf extract, sunscreen
Quantitative Structure Property Relationships of Curcumin Compounds and Its Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents against PCNA Receptors with Molecular Docking Method: Hubungan Kuantitatif Struktur Properti Senyawa Turunan Kurkumin sebagai Antikanker Potensial dengan Metode Penambatan Molekul terhadap Reseptor PCNA Santoso, Chiara Nathalie; Sugiyanto Sugiyanto; Ani Riani Hasana
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i1.61822

Abstract

Nowadays, cancer therapy has significant negative consequences on the body. Prevention of these adverse effects can be done by developing new drug compounds that targeted the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) receptor. Natural compounds such as curcumin with their multitarget properties have the potential to bind to this receptor. This study tested the curcumin compound and several of its derivatives to bind to the PCNA receptor on cancer cells and then predicted the physicochemical properties that affect the curcumin derivative compounds. The in silico docking used AutoDock Vina, molecular docking was carried out to predict interaction energy (ΔG) of curcumin derivatives against PCNA compared with compound AOH1996. The physicochemical properties that affect ΔG are seen by analyzing the quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR). As a result, the curcumin derivatives Dihydroxytetrahydrocurcumin is predicted to have ΔG = -6.7 kcal / mol, while the native ligand AOH1996 is had ΔG = -7.2 kcal / mol. Molecular docking shows that the interaction energy of curcumin derivatives is not better than the AOH1996. The physicochemical parameters predicted to affect the interaction energy of curcumin compounds in binding to the PCNA receptor are lipid solubility and molecular weight. Applying the physicochemical properties found from the QSPR, further research can be conducted to develop curcumin compounds that are more suitable for the PCNA receptor.   Keywords:  Curcumin Derivatives, PCNA receptor, AOH1996, Molecular Docking, QSPR
Uji Efektivitas Transdermal Patch Antipiretik Ekstrak Daun Dadap Serep (Erythrina Subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr) terhadap Mencit Putih (Mus Musculus) Model Hipertermia Priolaningsih, Dhela Rahma; Susilowati, Arikha Ayu; Cahyaningrum, Yanuar As’hari
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i1.61759

Abstract

Dadap serep leaves (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr) contained saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids which had the potential to lower body temperature. This research aimed to formulate a stable transdermal patch of Dadap Serep Leaf Extract (EDDS) and evaluate this transdermal patch based on temperature changes in white mice (Mus musculus) hyperthermia models at 17, 20, and 40%. This research was an experimental laboratory with a pre- and post-test control group design to test the effectiveness of the EDDS transdermal patch. Evaluation of the patch used physical quality stability tests using the freeze-thaw method including organoleptic, weight uniformity, thickness, folding resistance, and pH. Then the effectiveness test of this EDDS transdermal patch was tested on a white mouse hyperthermia model. The treatment group consisted of positive control (marketed compress product), negative control (peptone induction), and transdermal patch with EDDS extract at 17, 20, and 40% for 2 hours with monitoring every 30 minutes. The results showed that the transdermal patch preparation had good stability after physical quality stability testing using the freeze-thaw method. It was concluded that the most effective EDDS transdermal patch formulation in reducing temperature in white mice was a concentration of 40% with a temperature reduction percentage of 84.5%.   Keywords:  Transdermal Patch, Hipertermia, Dadap Serep Leaves, Soxhletation, Freeze-thaw
DETEKSI CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA JAMU KUNYIT TEMULAWAK YANG DIJUAL DI KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA DENGAN METODE MPN (Most Probable Number): Deteksi Cemaran Bakteri Escherichia Coli pada Jamu Kunyit Temulawak yang Dijual Di Kecamatan Singaparna Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dengan Metode MPN (Most Probable Number) Aqil, Azril Haeruman; Fadilah, Nitya Nurul; Susanti, Susanti
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.71901

Abstract

One type of traditional herbal medicine that is widely consumed by the public is turmeric-javanese ginger erbal medicine, which is considered to have many health benefits, such as increasing appetite and curing digestive problems. However, unhygienic processing can cause microbial contamination, one of which is Escherichia coli bacteria which has the potential to cause diarrhea. Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) method, this study aims to evaluate the presence and level of Escherichia coli contamination in turmeric-javanese ginger herbal medicine sold in the Singaparna District area. There are 10 herbal medicine sellers who use plastic bottle packaging to collect samples. The prediction test with LB media, the confirmation test with BGLB media, and the complementary test with EMBA media were carried out simultaneously and the Gram staining test of bacteria was carried out. The results showed that most of the samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli with MPN values ​​ranging from 3.6 to 150 MPN/mL, exceeding the threshold of SNI 7388 Year 2009 (<3 MPN/mL). Gram staining confirmed that the bacteria were Gram-negative in the form of bacilli. These findings indicate the need for improved hygiene and sanitation in the process of making herbal medicine to ensure consumer safety.   Keywords: Contamination, Escherichia coli, Jamu Kunyit Temulawak, MPN
Biosintesis Bimetallic Nanoparticles Ag-ZnO Menggunakan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Salak (Salacca zalacca): Biosintesis Bimetallic Nanoparticles Ag-ZnO menggunakan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Salak (Salacca zalacca) Tsabitatun Ni'mah; Aisy Prita Syafina; Ary Madina; Gilas Pandu Nur Fakhri; Wasito, Hendri
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.74513

Abstract

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs), specifically the silver-zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) complex, are highly interested due to their superior optical, catalytic, and biological properties compared to monometallic nanoparticles (MNPs). The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is gaining popularity because it is cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. Plant extracts, such as those from the peel of the snake fruit (Salacca zalacca), contain secondary metabolites that serve as bioreductants for metal precursors, facilitating the production of nanoparticles in various sizes and shapes. This research aims to biosynthesize and characterize Ag-ZnO-BNPs using ethanol extract from snake fruit bark as a bioreductant. The synthesized Ag-ZnO-BNPs were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results indicate that the Ag-ZnO-BNPs exhibit a maximum wavelength of 300 nm, an average particle size of 89.74 nm, a spherical shape, and the presence of polyphenol and carbonyl groups serving as bioreductants demonstrating their role in the formation of nanomaterials.   Keywords: Bimetallic nanoparticles, Ag-ZnO, Snake fruit, Salacca zalacca
Development of Blush On Powder Formulation using Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris L.) as Natural Colorant: Pengembangan Formulasi Blush On Powder menggunakan Ekstrak Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami Feronika Evma Rahayu; Evi Sri Maulidi Risalah; Aluwi Nirwanasari; Ing Mayfa Situmorang; Feri Setiadi
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.75812

Abstract

Research on the development of natural dyes using beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has been investigated. Beetroot extract was obtained using the maceration method and then characterized through phytochemical screening tests, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). The extract was developed as an active ingredient in a blush on powder formulation. The formulation was evaluated through organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, and spreadability tests, as well as stability testing using the freeze and thaw method. The results showed that the beetroot extract yield was 4.64%, containing secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, with an Rf value of 0.54, the presence of chemical structures in the form of O-H, C-H, C-H, and R-CH=CH-R, and an amorphous form. Formulation was carried out by varying the beetroot extract to F1 (2%), F2 (5%), and F3 (8%) and control F0. Based on organoleptic testing, the formulations showed light brown color for F1, brown for F2, and dark brown for F3, homogeneous, pH in the range of 6.56-6.94, and spreading power in the range of 5-7 cm. The stability test showed a normality test >0.05, indicating that the formulation was normally distributed. The homogeneity test >0.05 showed no significant differences between the formulations. The one-way ANOVA test p<0.05 showed that the formulation had an effect on the pH value, while the post hoc Tukey HSD test p<0.05 showed no significant differences between the formulations.   Keywords: Beetroot, TLC, FT-IR, XRD, Blush On, Natural Colorant
Peran Strategis Bakteria pada Bioremediasi Limbah Industri Farmasi di Perairan Putri Dinatul M; Naura Tahta R; Danish Aulia S.N; Nawal Karina B; Intan Shofiyyatul L; Isnaeni, Isnaeni
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.76248

Abstract

Bioremediation is an environmental restoration technique that uses microorganisms to decompose hazardous waste, including pharmaceutical industry waste which pollutes waters. This waste contains complex compounds such as antibiotics and other chemicals that are difficult to decompose using conventional methods, and can disrupt water ecosystems. This article evaluates and discusses the effectiveness of bacteria in decomposing pharmaceutical industry waste and improving water quality.  The steps of bioremediation consisted of (1) isolation and selection of bacteria from polluted environments to obtain superior strains such as Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Paraburkholderia xenovorans; (2) test the degradation ability of pharmaceutical compounds in the laboratory by adding bacteria to liquid media containing test compounds such as antibiotics and antiepileptics; (3) testing environmental conditions (pH, temperature, and oxygen availability) to find optimal conditions; and (4) application of bioremediation on a field scale by monitoring water quality based on chemical parameters (COD, BOD, and concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds) as well as biological parameters. Pseudomonas sp. degraded up to 80% of antibiotics within 7 days, while Bacillus sp. effectively reduces antiepileptic drug concentrations by up to 75% in 10 days. The combination of several bacterial species increases the effectiveness of degradation. Microbiological testing showed an increase in bacterial population diversity and density at treated sites, indicating restoration of the aquatic ecosystem.  It can be concluded that the strategic roele of bacteria in the bioremediation of pharmaceutical industrial waste in waters has proven to be effective and can be a sustainable solution for maintaining environmental quality. Implementation of this method requires optimal environmental conditions so that the degradation process takes place optimally and negative impacts on the ecosystem can be minimized.   Keywords: Bioremediation, Bacteria, Industrial Waste, Aquatic
Distilasi Uap untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Minyak Kelapa Sawit (CPO) sebagai Upaya Menghasilkan Pembawa Sediaan Farmasi Angelina Margaretha Ardiani; Isadiartuti, Dewi; Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah; Purnami, Nyilo
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.80965

Abstract

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producer. In the pharmaceutical sector, palm oil has the potential to be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Indonesian palm oil, which accounts for 58% of world production, has potential as a pharmaceutical excipient due to its fatty acid content and vitamin E, which have antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, before being used as a carrier for pharmaceutical preparations, palm oil needs to meet SNI standards (specific gravity, water content, free fatty acids) and the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia (peroxide value, iodine value, refractive index). This study aims to purify CPO through two cycles of steam distillation and test the physicochemical parameters before and after the distillation process with One-Way ANOVA analysis at α = 0.05. Palm oil (CPO) was distilled at a temperature of 95 ± 0.5 °C for 4.5 hours. The palm oil that had been distilled twice was evaluated for oil quality. Research data shows that two-cycle distillation significantly reduces specific gravity, water content, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and iodine value. However, the resulting palm oil does not yet meet the requirements for pharmaceutical excipients. Steam distillation has been shown to improve CPO quality, but further processing, combined with other physical methods, is required to produce oil that meets pharmaceutical carrier standards.   Keywords: Pharmaceutical Excipient, Palm Oil, Distillation, Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Free Fatty Acid

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