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Jurnal Veteriner
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 14118327     EISSN : 24775665     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2025.26.3.298
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Jurnal Veteriner is a scientific journal encompassing animal science aspects, published since 2000, and until now is consistently published four times a year in March, June, September, and December by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, associated with Association of Veterinarian Indonesia. Jurnal Veteriner is a peer reviewed journal that has been accredited by Directorate General of Research and Development Strengthening, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia since 2002. Jurnal Veteriner has been indexed and abstracted in Clarivate Analytics products (formerly Thomson Reuters), DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Science and Technology Index (SINTA), Garba Rujukan Digital (GARUDA), Google Scholar, and other scientific databases. Jurnal Veteriner also used Similarity Check to prevent any suspected plagiarism in the manuscripts. Jurnal Veteriner receives manuscripts cover a broad range of research topics in tropical veterinary medicine and tropical animal sciences: anatomy, histology, pathology, virology, bacteriology, pharmacology, mycology, clinical sciences, genetics, reproduction, physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, animal products, biotechnology, behaviour, welfare, livestock farming system, socio-economic, wild life and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran Hewan - Kedokteran Hewan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)" : 16 Documents clear
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (EGC) In Persian Crossbreed Cat: A Case Report Putry, Adisty Gelsa; Noviatri, Aldila; Rickyawan, Nofan; Setiyowati, Rini; Kristanto, Dwi
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Inflammatory lesions that often occur in the oral cavity of cats include Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (EGC). The aim of this research is to reveal the impact of surgical procedures followed by antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy on the incidence of EGC.  A 3-year-old 2.2 kg persian mix cat had clinical symptoms of irregular mass growth of the lips under the tongue beginning 2 months prior and had difficulty eating. According to the owner, the cat was the result of inbreeding/incest Clinical examination revealed pink oral mucosa, mass on the back, abdomen and legs, the cat's mouth cannot close because of an irregular mass (2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm) of pale yellowish pink colour in the lingual frenulum, pink nodules on the lower lip and pink plaque under the chin. The results of the blood test revealed a predominance of eosinophils and neutrophils. Postoperative histopathological examination of the granuloma mass revealed the presence of reactive fibroblasts, irregular collagen fibres, and a predominance of eosinophils, stem neutrophils and lymphocytes. Treatment of eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC) can be performed by surgical excision of granuloma masses via electrocautery, and drug therapy including amoxicillin and potassium clavulenate (20 mg/kg BW), meloxicam (0.05 mg/kg BW), and multivitamins (1 ml/day) can be continued. Fourteen days of postoperative therapy resulted in rapid and effective wound healing. The conclusion of this study shows that the combination of surgical procedures and medications such as antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins has a positive impact on the treatment of EGC cases.
Behavioral Responses of Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis) Fawns to the Presence of Visitors at the Semarang Zoo Kasiyati, Kasiyati; Resa, Ris Setya; Prihatiningsih, Liliana Puri; Aminullah , Aditya Alrais; Setiawan, Hendrik Tri
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Animal behavior is a directed activity resulting from environmental stimuli involving the coordination of the nervous, endocrine and muscular systems. The presence of visitors at the zoo, whether on weekdays or weekends, can significantly impact animal behavior. Deer avoid contact with humans, but conditions at the zoo, which differ from the wild, require deer to be able to interact with humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral responses of Timor deer (Rusa timorensis) fawns to the presence of visitors on weekdays and weekends in the ex-situ conservation area of Semarang Zoo of Central Java, Indonesia. The behavioral responses observed included aggressive, locomotor, eliminative, self-grooming, resting, feeding and social behaviors. This study was conducted over 21 days by observing the behavior of nine Timor deer fawns, consisting of six females and three males, that were still suckling their does. The observation method used was scan-sampling, which was conducted in the morning, noon and afternoon, with a two-hour observation interval. The data obtained were analyzed using a t-test. The presence of visitors on weekdays and weekends had no effect (p>0.05) on all observed behavioral parameters of Timor deer fawns. However, the percentage of locomotion, eating, self-care, social and elimination behaviors was higher in the morning with a longer duration, while the percentage of rest was longer in the afternoon. This study concluded that the behavioral responses of Timor deer fawns at the ex-situ conservation area to visitors were consistent on both weekdays and weekends. The Timor deer were accustomed to the presence of visitors, allowing them to exhibit their natural behavior still.
Ragam Jenis Pinjal yang Menginfestasi Kucing Peliharaan dan Liar di Babakan, Dramaga, Bogor Putri, Tiara Annisa; Supriyono, Supriyono; Hadi, Upik Kusumawati; Soviana, Susi; Widhyari, Sus Derthi
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Pinjal merupakan satu di antara jenis ektoparasit yang paling banyak menginfestasi kucing. Keberadaan pinjal bersifat merugikan karena berpotensi menjadi vektor dan inang intermediet dari berbagai agen penyakit menular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ragam jenis pinjal yang menginfestasi kucing (Felis catus) di Babakan, Dramaga, Bogor. Koleksi pinjal dilakukan terhadap 50 ekor kucing, yang terdiri atas 25 ekor kucing liar dan 25 ekor kucing peliharaan. Pengambilan pinjal dilakukan secara manual menggunakan sisir serit, kemudian diidentifikasi secara mikroskopis. Sebanyak 16 ekor dari 50 ekor kucing (32%) terinfestasi oleh pinjal dengan derajat infestasi berkisar dari ringan hingga sedang. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan keberadaan tiga spesies pinjal, yaitu Ctenocephalides felis, C. canis, Ctenocephalides sp., dan Pulex irritans dengan total kelimpahan nisbi masing-masing sebesar 59,76%, 36,59%, 2,44%, dan 1,22%. Pinjal pada tubuh kucing paling banyak ditemukan pada regio kepala dan leher sedangkan paling sedikit ditemukan pada regio ekor dan kaki dengan spesies paling dominan adalah C. felis. Selain itu, ditemukan sebanyak 114 pupa pinjal di lingkungan sekitar kandang kucing. Lingkungan yang kotor dan kucing yang tidak terawat dengan baik memiliki potensi dalam meningkatkan infestasi pinjal.
Characteristics of Hard Antler (Trophy) of Male Rusa Timor (Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822) Imbenai, Amram Weilan; Koibur, Johan Frederik; Yohanes, Chrysostomus Hieronymus; Palulungan, John Arnold; Pattiselanno, Freddy
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Antler shape played a more important role in group dominance than body size. Until recently there was no available information on the morphometric size of antlers from native Indonesian deer in Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia. This study was aimed to determine whether the morphometric size of left and right hard antlers differs in Timor deer from the Bird’s Head Peninsula of Papua Island; to assess whether morphometric measurements of hard antlers can serve as indicators of the distribution area of Timor deer in the region; and to evaluate whether other morphometric variables can reliably estimate hard antler length. This study employed a descriptive method, utilizing census techniques and direct observation of the antler owners in Manokwari Regency. A purposive sampling method is used in this study. Most of the antler’s collections originally from Teluk Wondama and Tambrauw regencies (six each), Teluk Bintuni and South Manokwari regencies (three each), Fakfak and Raja Ampat regencies (one each). The results of analysis indicate that the observed variables, based on morphometry values between left and right side of antlers from different areas of origin in this study, were almost symmetric and not significantly different. Similarities among variables measured (antler of length, length of first branch, length of second branch, length of the tip of main antler, antler diameter, main antler tip range, range of the second antler tip, range of the first antler tip, angle of the first branch), cannot be used as an indicator of the distribution of this sub-species in the Bird's Head Peninsula of Papua.
Dampak Dosis Etilen Glikol Terhadap Kualitas Semen Ayam Gaga dan Pengamatan Ultrastruktur Pascakriopreservasi Robbaani, Muhammad; Khaeruddin, Khaeruddin; Rachmawati, Achadiah; Yekti, Aulia Puspita Anugra; Nursita, Ita Wahju; Wahjuningsih, Sri
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Penelitian mengenai etilen glikol (EG) untuk kriopreservasi semen ayam gaga masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek EG sebagai krioprotektan spermatozoa selama proses pembekuan (kriopreservasi)  maupun pencairan (thawing)Penelitian ini menggunakan perlakuan yang mencakup 7% dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) sebagai kontrol (P0), 5% EG (P1), 7% EG (P2), dan 9% EG (P3), masing-masing perlakuan dengan 10 ulangan dalam pengencer Ringer laktat kuning telur (RLKT). Evaluasi meliputi pengamatan pada sejumlah parameter antara lain, motilitas spermatozoa, viabilitas, abnormalitas, recovery rate, penurunan viabilitas pasca-pencairan, peningkatan abnormalitas dan ultrastruktur spermatozoa melalui pengamatan pada Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). Semen diperoleh dari tiga ayam gaga jantan berumur 10–12 bulan. Semen dikoleksi dengan metode pijat (massage). Semen yang diperoleh diencerkan dan diekuilibrasi (5°C, 2 jam),  pre-freezing (10 menit) dan disimpan dalam nitrogen (N2) cair (−196°C, 24 jam), dan dilakukan pengenceran (thawing) (37°C, 30 detik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EG secara signifikan memengaruhi motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa pascapencairan (P < 0,05), tetapi tidak memengaruhi abnormalitas (P > 0,05). Spermatozoa pada perlakuan kontrol (P0) memiliki nilai recovery rate tertinggi dan penurunan viabilitas terendah, sementara EG 7% (P2) memberikan nilai recovery rate terendah. Penurunan viabilitas spermatozoa tertinggi terjadi pada EG 9% (P3). Abnormalitas spermatozoa terendah terjadi pada perlakuan EG 5% (P1) dan tertinggi pada perlakuan EG 9% (P3). Pemeriksaan FE-SEM menunjukkan adanya kerusakan pada akrosom spermatozoa setelah pembekuan dan sebagian besar bagian tengah masih utuh.
Utilization of Cabbage Fermentation (Sauerkraut) as a Probiotic Source to Increase Pekin Duck Productivity Haryadi, Haryadi; Husna, Asmaul; Rahmadhani, Nia
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

The ban on antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) use has encouraged the development of natural probiotics to improve poultry performance, making it necessary to evaluate the potential of sauerkraut as a probiotic. The objective of this study was to determine the benefits of cabbage fermentation (sauerkraut) as a probiotic source to improve the productivity and meat quality of Pekin ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five levels of sauerkraut probiotic doses in drinking water and four replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of A (0%), B (1.5%), C (3%), D (4.5%), and E (6%) probiotic sauerkraut in ducks drinking water. The sauerkraut probiotic was produced through cabbage fermentation for seven days under anaerobic conditions. The observed parameters included body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and meat quality (pH, water holding capacity and cooking loss). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine the significance of the differences among treatments. The results showed that the addition of sauerkraut probiotic in the drinking water of Pekin ducks had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and carcass weight. However, a non significant effect (P>0.05) was observed on meat quality parameters (pH, water holding capacity and cooking loss). It was concluded that the addition of sauerkraut probiotics at the 4.5% level (Treatment D) was the optimal dose.  It was able to improve productivity, with body weight gain of 1733.15 g, feed intake of 3848.30 g, a feed conversion ratio of 2.22, and carcass weight reaching 1299.86 g, without giving negative effects on the meat quality of Pekin ducks, with a meat pH of 6.25, water-holding capacity of 45.55% and cooking loss of 34.61%.
Resistansi Antibiotik pada Escherichia coli Asal Monyet Ekor Panjang di Taman  Rekreasi Gua Monyet Tenau Kota Kupang Paka, Maria Anjelina Kapi; Kallau, Novalino; Loe, Fhady
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Monyet ekor panjang termasuk dalam kelompok primata yang dikategorikan sebagai Vulnerable (VU) atau spesies dengan risiko kepunahan yang tinggi, sehingga memerlukan perlindungan khusus terhadap habitatnya. Salah satu habitat monyet ekor panjang berada di Taman Rekreasi Gua Monyet Tenau, Kota Kupang. Kedekatan lokasi ini dengan kawasa\n permukiman dapat meningkatkan potensi penularan penyakit zoonosis dari satwa liar ke manusia. Escherichia coli (E. coli) adalah bakteri flora normal saluran pencernaan manusia, hewan peliharaan dan satwa liar. Namun, beberapa strain bakteri E. coli dapat bersifat patogen. Antibiotik golongan beta-laktam dan aminoglikosida diketahui efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, tetapi penggunaan yang tidak rasional dapat memicu terjadinya resistansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi resistansi E. coli terhadap ampisilin, amoksisilin dan gentamisin yang diisolasi dari feses monyet ekor panjang di lokasi tersebut. Sejumlah 30 sampel feses diambil secara random sampling, kemudian dianalisis melalui isolasi bakteri, pewarnaan Gram, uji biokimia (KOH, katalase, IMViC), serta uji resistansi antibiotik dengan metode Kirby-Bauer. Kategori resistansi ditentukan berdasarkan standar diameter zona hambat menurut Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 57% sampel feses positif mengandung E. coli, dengan tingkat resistansi terhadap ampisilin sebesar 76,47%, amoksisilin 70,58% dan gentamisin 0%, menunjukkan tidak ada resistansi terhadap antibiotik  tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat tingkat resistansi yang tinggi terhadap antibiotik ampisilin dan amoksisilin, sedangkan antibiotik gentamisin masih sensitif terhadap bakteri E. coli pada monyet ekor panjang di Taman Rekreasi Gua Monyet Tenau, Kota Kupang. Perlu dilakukan uji lanjutan terhadap bakteri E. coli asal monyet ekor panjang untuk mengetahui patogenisitas bakteri tersebut dengan menggunakan uji hemolisis pada Blood Agar.
Kualitas Telur Ayam yang Diberi Imbuhan Infusa Daun Tapak Liman dan Daun Sirsak dalam Air Minumnya Amir, Yurni Sari; Zelpina, Engki; Sujatmiko, Sujatmiko; Lefiana, Delli; Noor, Prima Silvia; Siregar, Ramond; Lutvi, Ulva Mohtar; Gelagar, Ario Ridho; Yuska, Dian Aulia Tri
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Telur merupakan salah satu pangan sumber protein hewani yang disukai masyarakat pada semua kalangan usia. Produksi telur ini akan selalu meningkat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia. Pemberian pakan tambahan (feed supplement) dan pakan imbuhan (feed additive) pada pakan ayam dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi telur. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan pada produksi telur adalah kualitas telur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas telur ayam dengan suplementasi infusa daun tapak (Elepanthopus scaber L) dan daun sirsak (Annona muricata L) dalam air minum. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kesehatan dan Penyakit Hewan, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh, dengan telur ayam yang digunakan sebanyak 36 butir, diproduksi dari ayam petelur berumur 80 minggu.Umur telur yang digunakan adalah berkisar antara ayam 1-7 hari. Perlakuan pada ayam petelur adalah penambahan infusa daun tapak liman, infusa daun sirsak dan keduanya ke dalam air minum. Ransum yang diberikan terdiri atas dedak padi, jagung giling, bungkil kedelai, kosentrat untuk ayam petelur (layer) dan mineral. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah RAL dengan enam perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Perlakuannya antara lain: A = infusa tapak liman 2% dalam air minum, B = infusa daun sirsak 2% dalam air minum, C = infusa daun sirsak 1% dan tapak liman 1% dalam air minum, D = infusa daun sirsak 1% dalam air minum, E = infusa tapak liman 1% dalam air minum dan F = kontrol (tanpa pemberian infusa pada air minum. Hasil penelitian didapatkan suplementasi infusa daun tapak liman (E. scaber L) dan daun sirsak (A. muricata L) dalam air minum sampai dengan kadar 2% tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap indeks putih telur, indeks kuning telur, haugh unit dan warna kuning telur, dan suplementasi ini kurang memengaruhi kualitas telur ayam.
The Addition of Indian Almond Leaf Extract to Caudal Epididymal Plasma Diluents Effectively Maintains The Quality of Frozen Simmental Bull Sperm Fahrezi, Muhammad Thoriq; Nur Ducha; Rofiqul A'la
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

The decline in sperm quality during the freezing process is generally attributed to cold shock and the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which damage cell membranes, proteins and DNA, thereby reducing sperm motility, viability and potential fertility. Natural antioxidants such as Indian almond or Ketapang leaf extract (Terminalia catappa) have the potential to neutralize free radicals due to their flavonoid and phenolic content. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of adding Indian almond or Ketapang leaf extract to Cauda Epididymis Plasma (CEP) diluent on the quality of frozen semen from Simmental bull. The study employed a completely randomized design with four Indian almond or Ketapang leaf extract doses (0, 0.013, 0.025, and 0.038 mg/mL) and six replicates. Sperm quality evaluation included motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity. Data were analyzed using Analysis of variance  and a significantly difference between the treatments, was continued with the Duncan's multiple range test. Results showed that the addition of 0.038 mg/m extract yielded the highest values, namely sperm motility of 56.7 ± 2.9% (equilibrated) and 43.3 ± 2.9% (post-thawed), viability of 87.3 ± 1.2% (equilibrated) and 79 ± 0% (post-thawed) and membrane integrity of 84.7 ± 0.6% (equilibrated) and 79.7 ± 1.2% (post-thawed). These differences were significant compared to other treatments (P<0.05). This study concludes that a dose of 0.038 mg/mL of Indian almond or Ketapang leaf extract is effective in maintaining spermatozoa quality during freezing through its antioxidant activity, which prevents oxidative damage. This finding is potentially applicable in reproductive technology to improve the success of artificial insemination.
Pemberian 10% Gel Putih Telur Ayam Ras Efektif sebagai Obat Penyembuh Alternatif Luka Operasi (Spaying) pada Kucing Darmanta, Rai Jaine; Indarjulianto, Sedarmanto; Wijayanti, Agustina Dwi
Jurnal Veteriner Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/

Abstract

Sterilisasi pada hewan salah satunya dilakukan dengan prosedur bedah guna mencegah hewan bereproduksi dengan mengangkat organ reproduksi seperti indung telur (ovarium) dan/atau rahim (uterus) dan dikenal sebagai spaying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas gel putih telur ayam ras dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 20% dalam mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka operasi spaying pada kucing. Metode penelitian menggunakan uji eksperimental dengan  membagi kucing-kucing ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan.  Ada pun perlakuan yang diberikan adalah: 1) kelompok perlakuan  yang diberikan gel putih telur 10%; 2) kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan gel putih telur 20%; 3) kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan gel pembawa;  dan 4) kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan antiseptik povidone iodine secara topikal pada sayatan luka operasi spaying.  Kucing percobaan adalah kucing betina sehat dengan riwayat vaksinasi lengkap, berumur di bawah lima tahun dengan bobot badan 2-5 kg.  Sebelum dioperasi spaying kucing dipuasakan selama4-6 jam dan selama operasi bedah berjalan kucing diinfus dengan NaCl.  Obat bius yang digunakan adalah kombinasi Xylazine dan Ketamine dan operasi bedah mengikuti prosedur yang dikembangkan oleh World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA).  Metode operasi pembedahan spaying yang diterapkan adalah Ventral midline laparotomy. Parameter yang diukur meliputi waktu penyembuhan luka dan sifat fisik gel.  Data panjang luka operasi dihitung rata-ratanya serta dilakukan analisis statistika regresi linier mengaitkan antara waktu pengamatan dengan panjang luka.  Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS dan didukung menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gel putih telur dengan konsentrasi 10% lebih efektif dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 20% dan kelompok lain. Gel putih telur 10% juga memiliki karakteristik fisik yang mendukung keterpaduan dan adhesivitas pada permukaan luka. Simpulannya, gel putih telur ayam ras 10% dapat dijadikan alternatif pengobatan luka operasi dengan hasil yang optimal.

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