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Deteksi Malware Android Berbasis Ensemble Soft Voting LightGBM, Logistic Regression dan CatBoost Ardian Danendra; Elkaf Rahmawan Pramudya
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 4 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i4.8865

Abstract

The Android operating system faces serious challenges with increasingly complex and diverse malware evolution. This research proposes an Android malware detection system based on soft voting ensemble that integrates three algorithms (LightGBM, Logistic Regression, and CatBoost) to improve detection accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency. The dataset used is CCCS-CIC-AndMal-2020, which is highly imbalanced with over 400,000 Android application samples. The proposed model leverages hybrid features that combine static information (permissions, intents, API calls from the AndroidManifest) with dynamic behavior (memory activities, runtime API calls, logcat, and network traffic in an emulated environment), balancing low extraction cost with improved robustness against obfuscation. The methodology includes multi-stage preprocessing (IQR capping 40×, StandardScaler, RFE 150 features, SMOTE 30%) to improve data quality and reduce dimensionality by 56% without losing important information. The ensemble model is trained with F1-Macro-based weights (33.46% LightGBM, 30.99% Logistic Regression, 35.55% CatBoost) approximating 1:1:1 proportion. Evaluation results on the testing set demonstrate very high performance: Accuracy 95.58%, Balanced Accuracy 92.21%, F1-Macro 0.9208, True Positive Rate 100%, and False Alarm Rate 0.00%. The combination of these metrics indicates that the model can detect all malware samples without false positives on benign applications, making it suitable for production deployment. This research contributes by demonstrating the effectiveness of an efficient soft voting ensemble (only 3 models) for Android malware detection with multi-dimensional evaluation metrics representative of imbalanced data.
Implementasi Deep Learning Berbasis MobileNetV2 untuk Deteksi Real-Time Bacterial Spot dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Lightweight Ahmad Nabilul As'ad; Elkaf Rahmawan Pramudya
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 4 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i4.9252

Abstract

Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is a critical disease in bell peppers that can reduce productivity by up to 50%. This study implements MobileNetV2 with two-stage transfer learning for real-time bacterial spot detection using lightweight architecture approach, with ResNet50 as baseline comparison. PlantVillage dataset (2,475 images) was used for training and in-domain evaluation, while India dataset (132 images) for domain shift assessment. Results demonstrate MobileNetV2 achieves 98.66% accuracy on PlantVillage test set, outperforming ResNet50 (89.78%) by 8.88 percentage points despite being 9.2× lighter (2.7 MB vs 24.3 MB TFLite) and 2.0× faster (22.4 ms vs 45.8 ms inference time). MobileNetV2 efficiency advantage is also evident in its inference memory footprint of only 107 MB RAM, significantly 2.3x lower than ResNet50(242 MB RAM), making it highly suitable for deployment on mid-range smartphones with limited RAM. External dataset evaluation reveals MobileNetV2 maintains superior robustness with 65.3% retention rate versus ResNet50's 52.3%. Trade-off analysis positions MobileNetV2 on the Pareto frontier, achieving optimal accuracy-efficiency sweet spot for plant disease detection applications. This research contributes empirical evidence for lightweight architecture superiority, comprehensive efficiency-oriented evaluation framework, ULTRA-LIGHT training strategy for addressing inverse overfitting, and realistic generalization assessment using tropical external dataset.