Polygamous practices in contemporary society present social complexities that demand critical and multidimensional analysis. This research explores the dynamics of polygamy in middle-class contexts, with a profound focus on the interaction between Islamic legal norms, family welfare construction, and gender equality discourse. Employing a phenomenological qualitative approach, the study delves into the lived experiences of polygamous families through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The research findings reveal complex social interaction patterns, where polygamous practices transcend mere legal-normative concerns, emerging instead as an arena of power negotiation, identity construction, and social meaning. The study identifies three critical dimensions: 1. Dynamic and contextual Islamic legal construction, 2. Multidimensional implications for family welfare dynamics, 3. Structural challenges in achieving gender equality. The research uncovers that polygamous practices form a complex social ecosystem, characterized by highly diverse experiences. Some families successfully create internal harmony, while others face relationship fragmentation, emotional conflicts, and psychological tensions. Critically, the study offers a novel perspective: polygamy cannot be understood as a singular phenomenon, but rather as a social practice generated through complex interactions between religious traditions, socio-economic structures, and gender power dynamics. The primary implication of this research is the necessity of a holistic and transformative approach to understanding and regulating polygamous practices, positioning principles of justice, human dignity, and the welfare of all family members as the central focus.