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Machmud, Aris
Al Azhar Indonesia University
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Who Supervises the Supervisors: Between Public Complaints and Legal Certainty ? Mochammad Hasan; Suparji Suparji; Aris Machmud; Wawan Munawar; Mochamad Choirul Huda
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.1030

Abstract

Effective supervision of criminal investigations is essential to ensure accountability, legal certainty, and the protection of individual rights within the criminal justice system. However, the institutional placement of the Bureau for Investigation Supervision within the Criminal Investigation Agency raises concerns regarding supervisory independence and the effective resolution of public complaints. This study examines the effectiveness of investigation supervision in handling public complaints, identifies institutional constraints on independent oversight, and develops an institutional model for strengthening investigative accountability. The research employs normative legal research through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by institutional documents, complaint data, and interviews with relevant officials and legal practitioners. The study produces three principal findings. First, substantive public complaints remained consistently high, reaching 3,488 cases in 2023, 3,782 in 2024, and 3,770 in 2025, while substantive supervisory activities represented approximately 47.5 percent, 44.5 percent, and 49.9 percent respectively, indicating a persistent gap between supervisory demand and institutional response. Second, structural dependence within the investigative hierarchy, limited authority to enforce supervisory recommendations, and inconsistent complaint resolution weaken supervisory independence and undermine legal certainty. Third, effective reform requires transforming the Bureau into an independent Investigation Supervision Division that reports directly to the Chief of the Indonesian National Police and operates through an integrated supervisory structure at national, regional, and district levels. The proposed institutional reconstruction would strengthen supervisory independence, ensure effective corrective action, improve investigative accountability, and provide greater legal certainty for individuals seeking justice.
Co-Authors A. Habib Amanatullah Rahdar Abdul Majid Adi Faqdhi Akbar Adi Putra Prajitna Aji Andika Mufti Akhmad Ikraam Amanatullah Rahdar, A. Habib Amir Firmansyah Amoury Adi Sudiro Amoury Adi Sudiro Amoury Adi Sudiro Anas Lutfi Anas Lutfi Anas Lutfi Anis Rifai Anissa Permatasari Arfiana Fitri Ashari Artani, Khairi Anggita Asep Maksum Azhari Dzulqarnain Burhanuddin, Sitti Khairunisa Caskiman Caskiman Davai, Niki Dea Amalia Novela Dini Hardianti Edy Sanyoto Ega Pribadi Feby Nurhisyam Firdaus, Gede Fitriana, Raysa Fokky Fuad Fokky Fuad Fokky Fuad Fokky Fuad Guritna, Murshafatimah Cecille Harliani, Eni Henry Arianto Heri Sulaiman Heriyanto, Puji Hidayah, Yusup Ilham Muzzaki Intan Zania Khairunnisa, Adriana Kun Mardiwati Rahayu L. Tobing, AS Leonardus Lesmana Lubis, Rendy Lubis, Rahmad Lusi Anindia Rahmawati Lusi Marwati Lutfi, Anas Maghucu, Prosper Maguchu, Prosper Markoni Markoni Martini, Titin Mochamad Choirul Huda Mochammad Hasan Mubarok, Djihadul Muhammad Amin Muhammad Amin Muhammad Khatab Muhammad Rizki Muhammad Rizki Mulyono Mulyono Musoffa Musoffa Narayana, Raden Abyan Aradea Nasrullah Nasrullah Nasrullah Nasrullah Novita Sari Nurhisyam, Feby Nurini Aprilianda Okta Thaharah Susanto Parbuntian Sinaga Permatasari, Anissa Priatmoko, Muhammad Pribadi, Ega Prosper Maguchu Purandra Ramadhan Putri, Adityas Rachmawati Rahmadina, Wilsa Rakhsan Ghifari Rangga Sasmita Rizky Maulana Nugraha Rohaya, Nizla Rohayah, Nizla Rohman, Saipul Rohmatilah, Roudoh Roudoh Rohmatilah Rusfiantini, Rina Sadino Sadino Sadino Sadino, Sadino Saipul Rohman Salman Alfarezi Sanyoto, Edy Saraswati, Mardiana Satrio, Bagas Putra Sidiq, Muhammad Maulana Ibnu Sisca Debyola Widuhung Siti Farhani Suartini Suartini Suartini Suartini, Suartini Sudiro, Amoury Adi Sunaryo, Euis Suparji Suparji Suparji Suparji Suparji Suparji Syafitri Jumianto Syarif Hidayat Syarif Hidayat Tardjono, Heriyono Tri Sulistiowati Vishnu, Andhika Wahyu, Alifa Achmad Wasitaatmadja, Fokky Fuad Wasitaatmaja, Fokky Fuad Wawan Munawar Widhiawati, Premita Fifi Wijaya, Maulana Yanci Libria Fista Yasmine, Inge Yusup Hidayah Yusup Hidayat Yusup Hidayat Yusup Hidayat Yusup Hidayat Yusup Hidayat Zul Karnen