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Responsibility Of The Board Of Directors In Bankruptcy Of Limited Liability Companies From The Perspective Of Law Number 40 Of 2007 idayanti, soesi; mukhidin, mukhidin
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.5136

Abstract

AbstracThis research was conducted with the aim to explain to the academic world and the wider community regarding the responsibilities of the board of directors on the bankruptcy of a limited company, either caused by the negligence of the directors themselves or due to external error factors of the limited company. This paper uses a normative legal research method by using a statutory regulatory approach. The results of this study show that if the company goes bankrupt caused by the negligence of the board of directors while the bankrupt's debt is not sufficient to pay in full the company's obligations in bankruptcy, then they are jointly and severally liable or jointly responsible for all unpaid obligations of the bankrupt estate, but if the directors have carried out their duties well, apply the principle of prudence for the benefit of the company, not experiencing a conflict of interest, either directly or indirectly, in terms of company management actions which results in loss and has taken action to prevent the loss, then the directors cannot be held responsible for the company's losses. In this paper, the researcher provides input that the regulation Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning bankruptcy, there must be updates, especially article 97 regarding the responsibilities of directors which tend to be general in nature. By explaining specifically what constitutes negligence causing the company to go bankrupt of course it will facilitate the legal process, Are the directors really responsible for the bankruptcy? or caused by external factors beyond the control of the board of directors.
Harmonisasi Sistem Litigasi Elektronik Dan Non-Litigasi Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis Digital Mukhidin, Mukhidin; Kus Rizkianto; Pratama, Erwin Aditya
Diktum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Pancasakti Tegal

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24905/3ym93s96

Abstract

The development of digital technology has brought significant transformation to business practices while simultaneously generating new potential disputes that require adaptive resolution mechanisms. In Indonesia, the emergence of the electronic litigation system (e-court) offers a formal court-based solution, while non-litigation mechanisms based on Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) provide a more flexible, fast, and efficient alternative. However, these two mechanisms still operate partially without a clear integration framework, raising questions about the effectiveness of digital business dispute resolution. This article addresses two research problems: (1) how the development and implementation of e-court and ODR in resolving digital business disputes in Indonesia have evolved, and (2) what harmonization model can be established to create a more comprehensive, efficient, and just dispute resolution mechanism. The findings show that e-court has provided legal certainty and formal legitimacy but remains limited to time-consuming litigation processes. Conversely, ODR meets the needs of efficiency and speed but faces challenges in regulation and the acceptability of decisions. The discussion highlights the importance of a harmonization model that integrates the strengths of e-court in terms of legal formality with the flexibility of ODR in non-litigation processes. Harmonization can be pursued through the establishment of regulations recognizing ODR as part of the judicial system, strengthening digital infrastructure, and enhancing legal literacy among disputing parties. Thus, harmonizing these two mechanisms is expected to address the challenges of digital business dispute resolution in the era of technological transformation.