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Persistent Threat of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: Epidemiology, Challenges, and Strategies for Effective Management Akafa, Tensaba Andes; John, Artu Ishishen; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5517

Abstract

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease that poses a significant public health threat in Nigeria and West Africa. This review assesses the epidemiological trends, health impacts, and socioeconomic consequences of Lassa fever in Nigeria while proposing strategies for effective management and prevention. The natural reservoir of the Lassa virus, the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis), is prevalent in Nigerian households, facilitating transmission through direct contact with the rodents or their excreta, which often contaminates food. Consumption of these rats as a delicacy further exacerbates the risk. Current epidemiological data reveal that Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria, with seasonal outbreaks primarily occurring in the dry season. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) reported 80 deaths and 413 confirmed cases across 11 states during Epidemiological Week 6 of 2025, with Taraba, Ondo, Bauchi, and Edo states accounting for over 73% of these cases. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) for Lassa fever has risen to 19.4% in 2025, compared to 17.5% in 2024, likely due to factors such as underreporting and limited healthcare access. Notably, the CFR can range from 1% to 50%, influenced by healthcare access and early detection. The urgent nature of Lassa fever necessitates enhanced public health interventions, community education, and effective surveillance systems to mitigate its incidence and socioeconomic impact in Nigeria, thereby contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal target 3.3 to eliminate epidemics of Lassa fever and other neglected tropical diseases by 2030.
Restoring, Repairing, and Regenerating Tissues through Biomaterials, Cells, Scaffolds, and Innovative Technologies Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5578

Abstract

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an innovative area of research and development that includes biomaterials, cells, scaffolds, scaffolding structures, and even bioactive substances to restore, repair or regenerate damaged tissues along with organs. The scope of synthetic skin expansion has now progressed to engineering kidneys, hearts, and lungs. Use of stem cell therapies or extracellular matrices for organ healing and regeneration are other; notable shifts toward tissue engineering paradigm are towards healing adn regeneration rather than the development of reconstructive surgery. While research has shown promise, there are still concerns regarding its clinical use citing complications such as immune system rejection of newly implanted tissues, ethical issues and the economical creation of engineered tissues. The efforts being made in Asia demonstrate emerging potential in TERM. Enhanced collaboration across disciplines is essential to pave new ways towards realizing current restrictions and bold influencing ideas alongside breakthroughs.
Understanding Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Abid; Umaru, Isaac John; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5580

Abstract

One such common disorder is gastritis, that is bound to cause acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. It is primarily caused due to the long duration use of NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori infection or many other reasons. Alcohol consumption, stress, bile reflux and some immunological processes also play a role in causing gastritis. While some relatives remain asymptomatic, most relatives experience symptoms such as epigastric discomfort, vomiting, and, in some cases, gastrointestinal bleeding. H. Pylori detection, endoscopic examination, and histopathology are the primary techniques for diagnosing gastritis. Another method of treatment is the use of proton pump inhibitors along with lifestyle changes, or antibiotics. Gastritis and its symptoms can be mitigated by employing primary prevention strategies like proactively treating H. Pylori infections or reducing NSAIDs consumption.
Marburg Virus Disease: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Global Health Implications Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Abid; Umaru, Isaac John; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5816

Abstract

Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe viral hemorrhagic fever, was first identified in 1967 following simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Serbia. The initial cases were linked to laboratory exposure to African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) imported from Uganda for scientific research. Since then, sporadic cases and outbreaks have been reported across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Angola, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and, more recently, in West African countries such as Ghana. Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals, as well as via contaminated materials like bedding and medical equipment. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days, after which patients typically present with hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, and multiorgan failure. Currently, there is no approved antiviral treatment, and management is limited to supportive care, including fluid resuscitation, electrolyte balance, oxygen therapy, and treatment of secondary infections. Early diagnosis, case isolation, contact tracing, and stringent infection control measures are essential to containing outbreaks. Due to its high case-fatality rate, potential for epidemic spread, and lack of licensed therapeutics or vaccines, MVD is designated a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the context of increasing global attention to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, this review emphasizes the urgent need for investment in health system strengthening, improved diagnostic infrastructure, and the acceleration of vaccine and therapeutic development to mitigate future outbreaks.
The Psychology of Loneliness: Understanding Its Causes, Effects, and Paths to Healing Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Aslam, Nosheen; Rashid, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed; Mahmood, Abid
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.6349

Abstract

Loneliness is a deeply personal and multifaceted emotional state that affects millions of individuals across all ages, genders, and cultural backgrounds. Often misunderstood as a temporary feeling, loneliness can have serious implications for both mental and physical health, contributing to conditions such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. This article explores the psychological underpinnings of loneliness, examining how it influences emotional well-being, thought processes, and behavior. It also analyzes the broader social and cultural dynamics, such as digital disconnection, urbanization, and changing family structures that have contributed to its growing prevalence in the modern world. In response, the article discusses a range of evidence-based approaches to addressing loneliness, including public awareness initiatives, therapeutic interventions focused on social reengagement, and lifestyle adjustments aimed at fostering meaningful connections. By highlighting these strategies, the article seeks not only to demystify the experience of loneliness but also to promote resilience and recovery, offering a hopeful perspective on overcoming this often-invisible emotional struggle.
Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis as an Antibacterial Agent and on Liver Enzyme Markers in Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Efongwa, Emmanuel; Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza; Okang, Ogar Fonne; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Philip, Shadrach; Frank, Otashu Kenneth
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7361

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, frequently linked to exposure to chemical carcinogens such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Medicinal plants have emerged as promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of methanol stem-bark extract of Annona senegalensis against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and selected bacterial pathogens. Fifty-four male albino rats were allocated into six groups, with hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DEN, followed by a 14-day treatment with varying doses of the extract. Hepatoprotective effects were assessed using liver enzyme markers and serum protein levels, while antibacterial activity was determined via disc diffusion assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results demonstrated that the extract significantly reduced liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, ALP) and improved serum proteins (total protein and albumin) at higher doses (400 and 600 mg/kg), indicating hepatoprotective potential. Bilirubin levels also improved, suggesting reduced liver stress. Antibacterial evaluation revealed dose-dependent activity, with strong inhibition against S. aureus comparable to tetracycline at 200 µg/mL, and moderate efficacy against E. coli. These findings highlight the dual therapeutic potential of A. senegalensis stem-bark extract as both a hepatoprotective and antibacterial agent. Future studies are recommended to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for these effects and to expand antibacterial evaluation to a wider spectrum of pathogens.
Neuroprotective Effects of Cloves on Albino Rats Induced with Mercury Umaru, Isaac John; O, Mosugu O.; Asare, Solomon Ossom; Sirina, Bakari Genevieve; Bobie, Shelter Agbeko; Ayi, Atsu
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.7893

Abstract

This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, CV) in albino rats exposed to mercury chloride (MC), utilizing a diabetic rat model to investigate both neurological and immunological responses. Clove is known for its potent antioxidant properties, with applications spanning the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural sectors. Mercury chloride, a recognized neurotoxin, is commonly ingested through carbohydrate-rich foods subjected to high-temperature processing. The experimental design included five groups: Group I (Control: corn flour diet), Group II (MC-treated: 20 mg/kg body weight), Group III (CV-treated: 200 mg/kg BW), Group IV (CV 100 mg/kg BW + MC 20 mg/kg BW), and Group V (CV 200 mg/kg BW + ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg BW), with treatments administered over 21 days. MC exposure induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in brain tissue, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological degeneration in the hippocampal MA3 region and granular layer (HL). Clove administration significantly mitigated these effects by increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, reducing MDA concentrations, lowering gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and elevating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thereby restoring biochemical parameters toward normal levels. Histological findings further confirmed the protective effect of clove against MC-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that clove confers neuroprotection through its antioxidative and neurochemical modulation properties, highlighting its potential therapeutic value in preventing heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity.
A Study to Determine the Incidence of Drug Abuse Among Students of Tertiary Institutions. A Case Study Wukari Umaru, Isaac John; Asare, Solomon Ossom; Omanchi, Emmanuel; Umogbai, Debora Akinola; Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga; Dambazau, Zainab Bello; Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu; Jack, Precious Chioma
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8024

Abstract

This study explores the incidence, patterns, and consequences of drug abuse among students in tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria, using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative survey data revealed that 28.4% of students had engaged in drug use, with alcohol (64.8%), cannabis (45.1%), and tramadol identified as the most commonly abused substances. Qualitative insights from focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlighted the social dynamics, institutional gaps, and cultural factors shaping substance use, with male students aged 21–25 and those living off-campus emerging as the most vulnerable demographic, while covert drug use among female students was linked to peer and romantic influences. Peer pressure, academic stress, and curiosity were reported as primary motivators, and hostel environments were found to foster experimentation. Drug abuse was associated with academic decline, mental health problems—including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation—and low utilization of counseling services, whereas institutional responses were characterized by limited drug education, weak enforcement, and poor awareness of available support systems. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated prevention strategies, peer-led interventions, and enhanced mental health services to address this growing public health concern.
Phytochemical, Nutraceutical Profiles and Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on Bacterial Meningitis Umaru, Isaac John; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal; Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn; Salman, Julius Ishaya; Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8300

Abstract

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. Annona muricata (soursop), a tropical medicinal plant, has demonstrated promising antibacterial properties attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. However, the mechanistic basis of its antibacterial action remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanistic effects of A. muricata leaf extract on key bacterial targets, including cell wall integrity, membrane permeability, protein leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA fragmentation, and quorum sensing interference, using E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa as representative strains. Materials and Methods: Fresh A. muricata leaves were extracted using ethanol and tested at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Bacterial cultures were subjected to six mechanistic assays: crystal violet staining for cell wall integrity, propidium iodide and NPN fluorescence for membrane permeability, SDS-PAGE for protein synthesis inhibition, Bradford assay for protein leakage, DCFH-DA assay for ROS generation, and violacein quantification using the CV026 biosensor for quorum sensing interference. Ciprofloxacin served as a positive control, and untreated cultures served as a negative control. Results: The extract caused significant cell wall disruption (62.4%), comparable to ciprofloxacin (75.6%). Membrane permeability increased markedly, with PI and NPN fluorescence levels reaching 60–80% across strains. Protein leakage was elevated, with extracellular protein concentrations ranging from 25–30 µg/mL. SDS-PAGE revealed a 48.3–52.7% reduction in protein bands, indicating inhibition of protein synthesis. ROS levels surged to 8,000–9,500 RFU in treated samples, suggesting oxidative stress. DNA integrity scores dropped to 1–2, confirming genotoxic effects. Quorum sensing was inhibited by 68.9%, reducing violacein production and potential virulence. Conclusion: Annona muricata leaf extract exhibits potent antibacterial activity through multiple mechanisms, including structural disruption, metabolic interference, and oxidative damage. Its efficacy, comparable to ciprofloxacin in several assays, highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. These findings support further investigation into its bioactive compounds and therapeutic applications in combating resistant bacterial infections.
Breast Cancer Knowledge as a Predictor of Regular Breast Self-Examination among Women Aged 20–49 in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana Oteng, Joseph; Iba, Bemhemba; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.9084

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women globally, and in low-resource settings such as Ghana, breast self-examination (BSE) remains a cost-effective strategy for early detection, yet a persistent gap exists between awareness and consistent practice. This study assessed women’s knowledge of breast cancer and examined whether knowledge predicts regular BSE practice among women aged 20–49 years in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 635 women selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, breast cancer knowledge, and BSE practice, with knowledge scores categorized as low, moderate, or high using tertiles. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were applied, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 32.9 ± 7.1 years, and most (67.2%) demonstrated high breast cancer knowledge, primarily sourced from health professionals (53.5%). Although 72.0% had heard of BSE, only 32.1% practiced it monthly as recommended, with key barriers including lack of knowledge of the correct technique (47.8%) and fear of detecting a lump (22.8%). Knowledge level was significantly associated with regular BSE practice (χ² = 42.57, p < 0.001), and multivariate analysis showed that women with high knowledge were more than three times as likely to perform regular BSE (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.18–5.52, p < 0.001) compared with those with low knowledge. Tertiary education (AOR = 2.26, p = 0.004) and receiving information from health workers (AOR = 2.06, p = 0.008) also independently predicted regular BSE. The study concludes that breast cancer knowledge is a strong predictor of regular BSE practice; despite relatively high awareness, routine BSE remains low due to skill-related and psychological barriers. Strengthening health education with practical demonstrations and integrating BSE counseling into routine clinical care and community outreach may enhance preventive behavior and contribute to earlier breast cancer detection.
Co-Authors A, Ajala-Lawal R. A, Arowora K. A., Arowora K. Abah, Moses Adondua Abbas, Khalid Yahuza Abbas, Sabahat Abdulghafoor, Hind A. Abdulkadir, Nurudeen Umar Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Absalom, Augustine Abu, Michael S. Abu, Michael Sunday Acha, Ozzioma Praise Adam, Habiba Idris Adam, Idris Habiba Adams, Idris Habiba Adamu, Usman Lukman Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Adeseye, Abdullahi Sa’adu Adi, Godwin Baaku Agaba, Eric Agim Agwu, James Eneji Ahmed, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmed, Maayam Usman Ahmed, Maryam Usman Ahmed, Misbah Aisami, Abubakar Akafa, Andes Tensaba Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akafa, Vika Tensaba Akam, Odok Endurance Akem, Ingwu Joseph Akem3, Ingwu Joseph Akpan, Usenobong Morgan Akumia, Prince Osei Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Ale, Ebenezer Morayo Ali, , Jaouher Ben Ali, Jaouher Ben Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar Alooma, Emmanuel Amen, Ananias Ametefe, Mathias Mawuli Amoah, Kwabena Owusu Amofa, Gift Amuda, A. J. Andeuka, Useni Ajiya Asare, Solomon O. Asare, Solomon Ossom Aslam, Muhammad Tayyab Aslam, Nosheen Asuelimen, Steve Osagie Audu, Anthony Mishara Audu, Jankada Patience Ayara, Charles Ayi, Atsu Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa Bafai, Favour Joel Baig, Muhammad Haris Bando, David Christopher Bappa, Lipana Dorcas Benjamin, Wisdom L. Bobie, Shelter Agbeko Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye C, Ugwuoke Kenneth Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary Chinedu, Imo Chinonso, Anih David Chishti, Abdul Wadood Chisom, Gabriel Favour Chuanu, Solomon Chukwudi, Eluu Emmanuel Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu Dambazau, Zainab Bello Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi Danjuma, Janya Danjuma, Tyem Lawal Dauda, Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid David, Bando Christopher David, Izam Emmanuel Dooshima, Arowora Mercy Efongwa, Emmanuel Efoseh, Danlami Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi Ekpo, Fidelis Okii Ekubnse, Nkiri Annasthesia Ekunyi, Agbo Chibuike Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Emmanuel, Okoli Emochone, Roy Yohanna Enang, Kingsley Bassey Eno, Gomba Victoria Enyojo, Lawal Favour Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi Essien, Inemesit Samuel Ezeonu, Chukuma Stephen Frank, Otashu Kenneth Galam, Nanyak Zingfa Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses Ghazwani, Eisa Yazeed Goje, Lazaru Joseph Grace, Onwubiko N. Gyasi, Prince Kwadwo Habibu, Bilyaminu Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair Hassan, George Okra Hassan, Okrah George Henry, Onwubiko A. Iba, Bemhemba Iftikhar, Momina Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift Ikira, Usman Innocent, Nwofor Ipav, Selumun Solomon Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Ismail, Muhammad Zuhairah Istifanus, Dafup Kadel Istifanus, Dafup Katdel Jabir, Abdulmumin Jack, Precious Chioma Jacob, Mathew Janya, Danjuma Javed, Amna Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde John, Artu Ishishen John, Omachi Blessing John, Tongle Nanle Johnson, Joanna Afariba Joseph, Ikwebe Joseph, Iornenge Terungwa Kayode, Arowora Khan, Alam Afroz Urooj Khan, Fahad Said Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko Konka, Daniel Laila, Umme Madaki, Kanati Mafe, Alice Njolke Mahmood, Abid Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda Makanjuola, Victor Malantso, Jackson Soyinka Manu, Sukyakma Maqbool, Tahmina Marvelous, Solomon Godiya Matilda, Manasseh Ilumunter Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace Melvin, Ugwuala Chimaobi Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa, Ibrahim Jamilat Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman Mohammed, Rashida Ismail Mona, Etah Hope Morayo, Ale Ebenezer Morgan, Akpan Usenobong Morolake, Olabanji Martina Moses, Iyekekpolor Osamudiame Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Akram Muhammad, Muhammad Bashir Mustapha, Musa Azegya Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan Namuma, Shitta Nasisi Nanmar, Chakfa Ngabea, Nasiru Audu Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede, Ocheifa Matthew O, Mosugu O. Odufa, Egbeadumah Maryanne Ogochukwu, Edom Favour Okang, Ogar Fonne Oko, John Odiba Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri Okwori, Ameh Godwin Oladele, Gloria Omonefe Oladimeji, Oluwasegun M. Olawale, Otitoju Olawale, Otitujo Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga Olayeni, Abimbola Gbenga Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi, Helen Oluwale, Otitoju Omanchi, Emmanuel Omanchi, Emmanuel Olofu Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza Onyindia, Agbo Christiana Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour Oteng, Joseph Otitoju, Olawale Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet Peter, Danladi Mbosire Peter, Prosper Uneju Philemon, Panah Philip, Shadrach Rashid, Abid Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam Rehman, Urooj S, Ezeonu C. Sadia, Haleema Salman, Julius Ishaya Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn Shadrach, Katchin Evelyn Shadrach, Philip Shahid, Isbah Shaibu, Isaac Eleojo Sheneni, Victor Duniya Shenia, Zephaniah Hananiah Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan Sirina, Bakari Genevieve Sołowski, Gaweł Sule, Josephine Maina Sunday, Abu Michael Sunday, James Agbu Talent, Akoh Miracle Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tensaba, Akafa Andes Tersur, Kyugah Jacob Tiimob, Gideon Likida Timothy, Mgbede Tony-Enwin, Evelyn Ovenomo Tyem, Lawal Danjuma Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel Udoh, Mary Athanasius Uduak, Peter Ise Ugbedeojo, Sule John Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen Ujah, Oche Williams Ujah, Williams Oche Umahi, David Umar, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Hauwa A. Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Kerenhapucch Isaac Umogbai, Debora Akinola Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Williams, Queen Uyo Wilson, Ubur Terzulum Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya Yakubu, Ojochenemi E. Yakubu, Ojochenemi Ejeh Yeboah, Genevieve A. Yeboah, Genevieve Akpah Yemisi, Adeyanju Kate Yuguda, Ismail Yunusa Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni Yusufu, Dawoye Zinas, Simon Teza