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Journal : Current Biochemistry

Phytochemical Analysis, α-glucosidase Inhibition Activity in-vitro and Enzyme Kinetics of Ethyl Acetate and Hexane Extracts of Graptophylum pictum (L.) Griff Waras Nurcholis; I Made Artika; Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno; Dimas Andrianto; Apipah Aprianti; Fina Febrianti; Inawati Inawati; Antonius Padua Ratu; Arya Arendra
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

The species Graptophylum pictum (L.) Griff, also known as “daun ungu” in Indonesia, is a traditional herbaceous plant believed to have antidiabetic potential. The number of people in the world with diabetes has increased dramatically over the recent years. The treatment of type II diabetes is complicated by several factors inherent to the disease. Elevated postprandial hyperglycemia is one of the risk factors and the intestinal digestive enzyme α-glucosidase plays a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism. One of the antidiabetic therapeutic approaches which reduces the postprandial glucose level in blood is by the inhibition of α-glucosidase. In this study, phytochemical analysis, α- glucosidase inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetics of ethyl acetate- and hexane extracts of G. pictum were evaluated with the aim to analyze its antidiabetic potential. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, and alkaloids. Steroids were present in ethyl acetate extract but absent in hexane extract, while alkaloids were present in hexane extract but absent in ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate and hexane extracts had 30.68 and 49.82 % inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity respectively. The kinetics of glucosidase enzyme of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were determined by Lineweaver Burk plots. These exhibited uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition to alpha-glucosidase activity respectively. From the enzyme assay, we infer that ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of G. pictum contain potential α-glucosidase inhibitors that have the potential to be exploited for use in the treatment of diabetes
Isolation and Selection of Thermophilic Bacteria as Hexavalent Chromium Reducer from Batik Processing Waste Water Wijiastuti Wijiastuti; I Made Artika; Novik Nurhidayat
Current Biochemistry Vol. 2 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) in the oxidized state is carcinogenic in humans. Chromium is widely used in various industries, and therefore Cr (VI) can be found in wastes from the industry. Heavy metal Cr (VI) waste, is one type of hazardous wastes, due to the high toxicity of Cr (VI) which is much higher than that of Cr (III). This study was conducted to isolate naturally occurring bacteria from batik wastewater with ability to reduce Cr (VI). Identification of chromate reductase gene was carried out using qPCR method. Results showed that three isolates Bacillus sp.1a, Pseudomonas sp.1b, dan Geobacillus sp.1c have chromate reductase-coding genes. Based on the results of qPCR analysis, the isolate Bacillus sp.1a was predicted to have the highest reduction activity. Hence, this isolate was then subjected to Cr(VI) reduction activity test.
Activity of Skin Secretions of Frog Fejervarya limnocharis and Limnonectes macrodon against Streptococcus pneumoniae Multidrug Resistant and Molecular Analysis of Species F. limnocharis Jajang Suhyana; I Made Artika; Dodi Safari
Current Biochemistry Vol. 2 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : IPB University

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Abstract

Indonesia has about 450 frog species which is approximately 20% of frog species in the world. Among frog species found in Indonesia are Fejervarya limnocharis dan Limnonectes macrodon belonging to family Dicroglossidae. Frog skin secretion is considered to have a potency to be used as an alternative source of antibacterial agent against Streptococcus pneumoniae multidrug resistant (MDR). The aims of the present study were to analyze antibacterial activity of skin secretions of F. limnocharis and L. macrodon against S. pneumoniae multidrug resistant (MDR) and conduct molecular phylogenetic analysis of the frog used to ensure classification of frog species. The release of skin secretion was stimulated using epinephrine injection. Antibacterial activity of the skin secretions was tested using the well and paper disc methods. Results showed that skin secretions of F. limnocharis have antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae multidrug resistant (MDR) SPN1307. The activity, however, was lower compared to that of chloramphenicol in both well and paper disc methods. On the other hand, skin secretions of L. macrodon failed to inhibit the growth of S. pneumoniae multidrug resistant (MDR) SPN1307. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was carried out on F. limnocharis based on DNA sequence of a partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Results showed that the frog F. limnocharis is closely related (97%) to Fejervarya sp from Bali. Skin secretions of F. limnocharis, therefore, has the potency to be developed as a source of antibacterial agents against S. pneumoniae multidrug resistant (MDR) SPN1307.
Produksi Asam Laktat dan Pola Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat dengan Pemberian Dosis Rendah Propolis Trigona spp asal Pandeglang Indonesia Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan; I Made Artika; Syaeful Abidin
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Propolis is known to have an antimicrobial activity and can prevent various diseases. Propolis consumption is feared to have negative impact on the activity of digestive lactid acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this research was to examine the effect of propolis on the growth and lactic acid production of three LAB. Ethanol Extraction Propolis (EEP) concentrations examined were control, eep and X propolis 0% (control), 0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0% and X propolis at 0.4% concentration. The parameters analyzed were the growth of bacteria counted with Total Plate Count (TPC) method and lactic acid production using titrable acidity analysis. Propolis at 0,6% concentration stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (LCR, 24.725x108 cell/mL), but inhibited the average lactic acid production (0.071%) lower than control (0,149%). Propolis did not affect the growth of Streptococcus thermophillus (STP), but propolis at 0,6% concentration stimulated lactic acid production (0.182%) higher than control (0.112%). Propolis inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDB), but at 0,2% concentration, its population was still highest (3.775x108 cell/mL) and lactic acid production was stimulated (0.195%) higher than control (0.123%).
Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows using California Mastitis Test and Udder Pathogen Evi Nur Qolbaini; I Made Artika; Dodi Safari
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Subclinical mastitis is an infection of the udder devoid of clinical symptoms, bacteria are one of the causes behind this disease. In the present study, we investigated subclinical mastitis in dairy cows using the California mastitis test (CMT) and udder pathogens from KUNAK (Kawasan Usaha Peternak Sapi Perah) Cibungbulang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. We randomly collected 102 milk samples from dairy farms in different stalls. We found that 87 out of the 102 (86 %) milk samples were positive for CMT test with level+1, level+2, and level+3 were 22 %, 45 %, and 33 % respectively. We also identified three different major bacterial groups: staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterobacteria based on gram staining, oxidase test, and coagulase test. It can be concluded that the case of bovine subclinical mastitis in Kunak Bogor was very high and caused by various bacteria which infected cows.
Immobilization of Lactobacillus plantarum B134 Cells using Sodium Alginate for Lactose Hydrolysis in UHT Milk Lusiana Kresnawati Hartono; Tatik Khusniati; I Made Artika; Sulistiani sulistiani; Abdul Choliq
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Hydrolysis of lactose in milk by β-galactosidase from immobilized bacterial cells has the potential to alleviate the problem of lactose intolerance. The present study was aimed to immobilize cells of L. plantarum strain B134 and evaluate their efficiency in hydrolyzing lactose in ultra high temperature (UHT) milk. Immobilized cells were generated by mixing cell suspensions with solutions of sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The β-galactosidase activity of the immobilized cells was tested by determining their ability in hydrolyzing lactose in UHT milk (whole milk and skimmed milk). Results showed that cells of L. plantarum strain B134 were entrapped optimally using a combination of 1 % sodium alginate, 100 mM calcium chloride and 12 % w/v cell suspension. The highest β-galactosidase activity was achieved at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 45 ºC for 5 minutes incubation time. The immobilization efficiency achieved was 28.95 %. The immobilized cells could reduce lactose by up to 85.45 % in UHT whole milk and 91.26 % in UHT skimmed milk. The times required for that reduction of lactose in UHT whole milk and UHT skimmed milk were 12 hours and 9 hours respectively. The immobilized cells could be re-used up to 4 times for efficient lactose hydrolysis for both types of milk. Therefore, immobilized cells of L. plantarum B134 have the potential to be used for lactose hydrolysis in UHT milk.
The Activity of Wungu Leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) Extract in Reducing Blood Glucose Level of Hyperglycemic Mice Hayatul Rahmi; I Made Artika; Norman Razief Azwar; Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno; Waras Nurcholis
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Wungu leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) is a plant thought to have potential use in alleviating symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the activity of wungu leaf extracts in decreasing blood glucose level of alloxan (200 mg/kg BW)-induced hyperglycemic mice. Extracts of wungu leaf were obtained by macerating with ethanol and then partitioning the extract with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Each extract obtained was used to treat hyperglycemic mice for 28 days. The results showed that wungu leaf extracts have the ability to decrease the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic mice (dose 50 mg/kg BW). The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity, bringing about a decrease of blood glucose of 37.6 %. The wungu leaf extract has the potential to be developed as a source of anti-diabetic agents.
Isolation and Molecular Cloning of Cellulase Gene from Bovine Rumen Bacteria Rahadian Pratama; I Made Artika; Tetty Chaidamsari; Herti Sugiarti; Soekarno Mismana Putra
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Cellulases are the enzymes that hydrolyze cellulosic biomass and are produced by the microorganisms that grow over cellulosic matters. The objective of this research was to isolate and clone cellulase gene from cellulose-degrading bacteria of bovine rumen. Cellulose-degrading bacteria was isolated from rumen fluid using a selective medium. Total RNA was isolated from selected colony having cellulose degrading activity and was used as a template for cDNA construction using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The resulted cDNA was employed as a template for PCR amplification of cellulase gene using specific primers. The cellulase gene candidate obtained was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy vector followed by determination of its nucleotide sequence. The sequence was then aligned with sequences of cellulase genes from GenBank. Results showed that a number of isolates of rumen bacteria exhibit cellulase activity and the CR-8 isolate was selected for further analysis. The successful isolation of total RNA from CR-8 was indicated by the presence of two intense bands of ribosomal RNA (23S and 16S). The reverse transcription process was successful and the amplification of cellulase gene using the specific primers F1 and R1 resulted in a DNA fragment of 1900 bp as a candidate of cellulase gene. The fragment was successfully cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy vector, and the resulted recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into the E. coli cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that the cloned gene is cellulase gene and shares 99% homology with the endo-1,6-beta-glucanase of T. harzianum.
Trametes versicolor as Agent for Delignification of Rice Husks Laita Nurjanah; Syamsul Falah; Azmi Azhari; Suryani Suryani; I Made Artika
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Rice husks contains 33.71% w/w lignocelluloses, the most abundantly available raw material on the earth for the production of biofuels and other valuable products. It is comprised of the carbohydrate polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose, and an aromatic polymer, lignin. One of the methods for removing the lignin component of rice husks is by delignification using white-rot-fungi. The aim of the study was to carry out delignification of rice husks using white-rot-fungi. The white-rot-fungi used here were Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The study consisted of a biomass and microbial preparation, chemical assay of the rice husk, ligninase enzyme tests, and delignification of rice husks. Results showed that T. versicolor and P. chrysosporium have ligninase enzyme. The precentage of lignin from the total biomass rice husks was 23.61% w/w, and following the delignification process by T. versicolor for 20 days, the remaining lignin was 16.20% w/w, making the percentage of rice husks lignin degraded as 7.41% w/w. The biodelignification process also decreased the percentage of holocellullose, cellulose, and other extracted substances, and accordingly this increased the percentage of hemicellulose. Based on the ability of T. versicolor to degrade lignin of the rice husk at room temperature (28 ºC) as mentioned above, it can be concluded that T. versicolor has potential to be used for delignification process.
Biosorption Copper (Cu) and Mercury (Hg) by Omphalina sp. using Batch, Rotary, Biotray, and Pack Bed Flow Methods Desi Purwaningsih; I Made Artika; Tri Panji; Suharyanto Suharyanto
Current Biochemistry Vol. 3 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : IPB University

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Heavy metal waste treatment often uses dangerous chemicals. Omphalina sp is a nonpathogenic fungi that can be used to reduce the harmful effects of waste treatment. The use of fungal biomass has advantages such as low operating costs, efficient, and high metal binding capacity, minimal sludge, metals can be recovered, biosorbent can be regenerated, raw materials available easily, can use inactivated microorganism, and does not require additional nutrients. In the present study optimization of the biomass utilization for waste water treatment was conducted by comparing batch, rotary, packbed flow, and biotray methods. Results showed that Omphalina sp can reduce mercury level up to 91.38% with rotary, 83.98% with biotray, 87.14% with pack bed flow, and 31.94% with batch methods respectively from initial Hg concentration of 3 ppm. Similarly, Omphalina sp can reduce copper level up to 23.58% with rotary, 22.66% with biotray, 10.53% with pack bed flow, 10.17% with batch methods respectively from initial Cu concentration of 100 ppm. Optimum absorption Hg and Cu occurs in the first one hour.
Co-Authors . SURYANI A. E. Zainal Hasan AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdul Choliq ADINDA VIRGINIA DWI SETYO Agung Eru Wibowo AHMAD ENDANG ZAINAL HASAN AHMAD ENDANG ZAINAL HASAN Ahmad Sulaeman Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan Amanda, Nisa Widya AMIN FATONI Andani, Gita Putri Andita Fitri Mutiara Rizki, Andita Fitri Mutiara Antonius Padua Ratu Apipah Aprianti Apon Zaenal Mustopa APON ZAENAL MUSTOPA Arya Arendra Asri Sulfianti Azmi Azhari Azmi Azhari, Azmi Azmi, Wihda Aisarul BUGI RATNO BUDIARTO DEDI JUSADI Denny Irawati Desi Purwaningsih Dewi Sukma Dhani Luthfi Ramadhani DIMAS ANDRIANTO Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno Dodi Safari Dodi Safari Dodi Safari Dodi Safari Dwi N. Susilowati Dzihan Dinar Rabani Eliza Halim Erismar Amri Erlank Bagjavicenna Erna Puspasari Evi Nur Qolbaini Fatriani, Rizka Fina Febrianti Firda DIMAWARNITA Fri Rahmawati Gusnia Meilin Gholam Gusnia Meilin Gholam Gusnia Meilin Gholam H. A. E. Zainal Hasan Hafizh Zahra Hani 'Athiyya Rafi Hardinsyah Harsana, Ngurah HARTUTIK EKA SUSANTI HARYANTO SUSILO Hasim - HASIM DANURI Hayatul Rahmi Herti Sugiarti Herti Sugiarti, Herti Hyakansa HANIF Ifa Manzila Iman Akhyar Firdausy Iman Rusmana Inawati Inawati Jajang Suhyana K, Popi A Kurnia Agustini Laita Nurjanah Laita Nurjanah, Laita LAKSMI AMBARSARI Lasmiyanti, Metty Lusiana Kresnawati Hartono Luzicoiij, Michael Edison M. Zairin Junior M.Pd Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Sudiana . Mala Nurilmala MARIA BINTANG Meilisza, Nina Melva Louisa Mirza Dikari Kusrini MS, Yulia Atika Muhaimin Muhaimin MUHAMMAD AGUS SUPRAYUDI Muhammad Dailami, Muhammad Muhammad Nafiz Nisa Widya Amanda Noorwati Sutandyo Norman Razief Azwar Norman Razief Azwar Novik Nurhidayat Novik Nurhidayat Nuke Annisa Nasution NUNUK WIDHYASTUTI Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo Nur Hasanah Nurmala Sari Nurul Khumaida Perkasa Arian Puji Lestari Rahadian Pratama Rahmawati, Fri Ramadhani Malik Abdillah Rava Raisha Putra Resti Rahmawati Putri Ridwan Putra Firmansyah Rini Kurniasih, Rini Riyan Alifbi Putera Irsal Rizka Fatriani Roedhy Poerwanto Septiany C. Palilingan Sheryn Sunni Albani Siagian, Putri Junita Siregar, Josephine Elizabeth Siti Nurjanah Siti Nurjanah Soekarno Mismana Putra Soekarno Mismana Putra, Soekarno Mismana Sogandi Sogandi Sogandi Sogandi Sudarsono Suharyanto Suharyanto Sulistiani sulistiani Suryani Suryani Suryani Suryani Suryani Suryo Wiyono Sutoro Sutoro Syaeful Abidin Syamsul Falah Tatik Khusniati Tetty Chaidamsari Tetty Chaidamsari, Tetty Tri Panji Trini Suryani Kadir Vita Rosaline Fahri Waras Nurcholis Wasrin Syafii Wijiastuti Wijiastuti Yadi Suryadi Yahdiana Harahap Yulianto YUNITA ARIAN SANI ANWAR