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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Jurnal Penelitian Sains (JPS) Matematika dan Sains CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL Jurnal Penelitian Sains (JPS) IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) BERITA BIOLOGI JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA JPSriwijaya Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Sains Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Bakti Farmasi SWARNA Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan (JURRIKES) Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Journal of World Future Medicine, Health and Nursing PEDAMAS (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) SWARNA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Bumi: Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Sosialisasi Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials
Miksusanti Miksusanti
Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
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Journal : CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL

 1 
Bioactive Metabolites in Melaleuca leucadendra Leaves Extract: Phytochemical Profilling and GC-MS Characterization for Antimicrobial Relevance Atina, Atina; Royani, Idha; Indah, Assa; Setiabudidaya, Dedi; Miksusanti, Miksusanti; Arsyad, Fitri Suryani
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49078

Abstract

The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the exploration of natural sources of antibacterial agents. This study examined the ethanolic leaf extract of Melaleuca leucadendra's phytochemical composition, chemical profile, and antibacterial activity. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids were all detected by phytochemical screening. The quantitative total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract was 17.78 mg QE/g, while the total phenolic content (TPC) was 292.43 mg GAE/g extract. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified oxygenated esters (18.86%), oxygenated aromatics (15.22%), phenolic derivatives (13.44%), and flavonoids (12.86%), methoxylated aromatics and terpenoids (5.34%), phytol, and fatty acid derivatives. These metabolite classes are widely reported to exert antibacterial effects through multiple mechanisms such as membrane disruption, enzyme inactivation, and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion method showed a concentration-dependent response, with the highest activity at 80% extract (15.67 ± 0.58 mm and 15.33 ± 0.58 mm inhibition zones, respectively). Raman spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between polymer molecules and secondary metabolite compounds in the extract, thereby potentially enhancing antibacterial properties. These findings highlight that the antibacterial activity of M. leucadendra is mediated by the synergistic interplay of phenolics, flavonoids, methoxylated aromatics, terpenoids, and fatty acids. The findings offer compelling proof that M. leucadendra is a viable natural source for the creation of antibacterial compounds that will lessen antibiotic resistance.
Co-Authors Adi Supriyadi Adik Ahmadi Agus Syafriansyah Al Ainna Aldes Lesbani Almunadi T Panagan Almunady T. Panagan Amin, Rafiullah Andarmoyo, Sulistyo Annisa Amelia Arsyad, Fitri Suryani Asmak Asmak Atina, Atina Azhar Kholiq Azhar Kholiq Bambang Ponco Bambang Ponco Bambang Ponco, Bambang Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto Betty S.L. J Betty Sri Laksmi J Betty Sri Laksmi Jenie Betty Sri Laksmi Jennie Budi Untari Budi Untari Darsil Basir Dasril Basir Dasril Basir Dasril Basir Dedi Rohendi Dedi Setiabudidaya Desnelli Desnelli Desnelli Desnelli Dian Dian Dian Dwita Maizur Dimas Nur Hidayat Dina Permata Wijaya Elfita Eli Sahara Eli Sahara Elsa Fitria Apriani Endang Setiyowati Endang Setiyowati Endri Junaidi Eviyanti Eviyanti Fachrijal Fachrijal Fanani, Muhammad Zainal Fatma Fitra Yosi Fitrya . Fitrya Fitrya Gatot T. Mulyadi Gatot Tri Mulyadi Gatot Trimulyadi Gatot Trimulyadi Rekso Getari Kasmiarti Harian Saputra Harmida Harmida Heni Yohandini Heni Yohandini K Herlina Herlina Herlina Herlina Hermansyah Hermansyah Hermansyah Hermansyah Hermansyah Hotdelina S Hotdelina S Idha Royani Ina Suci Pratiwi Indah Solihah Indah Solihah Indah, Assa Ismed Ismed Jefri Liasta Jennie, Betty Sri Laksmi Juswardi Juswardi Kholiq, Azhar Kovalina, Yosi Lamin, Syaflina Maidelwita, Yani Meisji Liana Sari Muhammad Andry Muharni Muharni Muntasir, Muntasir Mutia Sari Wardana Nasir Rofiq Neza Rahayu Nike Marfinda Nirwan Syarif Nita Aminasih Nova Yuliasari Novian Sutami Novrikasari Novrikasari, Novrikasari NUNI GOFAR Nurul Huda Ramadani, Tiara Raza, Amir Razak, Faisal Rennie Puspa Novita Risfidian Mohadi Risfidian Mohadi Rizal Syarief Rizal Syarief Rizal Syarief Setiawan Yusuf Setiawan Yusuf Setiawaty Yusuf Sofia Sandi Sukmawati Sukmawati Susilawati Susilawati Syaflina Lamin Syafrina Lamin, Syafrina Syndi N.K Tridayona Tridayona Trimulyadi, Gatot Wiwin Wiwin Yusup Nur Khakim, Mokhamad