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Development and Validation of the Integrated Inquiry Blended Learning (IIBL) Model Supported by Smart Learning to Support 21st-Century Skills in Vocational Engineering Education: A Design-Based Research Study Irma Yulia Basri; Muhammad Giatman; Dony Novaliendry; Erni Marlina binti Saari; Riki Mukhaiyar; Ika Parma Dewi
International Journal of Educational Narratives Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/ijen.v4i3.3592

Abstract

Background. The learning process in vocational engineering electronics still faces challenges such as low student literacy, limited face-to-face learning time, and the need for experiment-based instruction. Previous studies have generally examined inquiry-based learning, blended learning, and digital learning separately, with limited integration into a structured Smart Learning–supported instructional model. Smart Learning facilitates digital resources, online discussions, assignment management, and flexible blended learning activities. Purpose. This study aims to develop and validate the Integrated Inquiry Blended Learning (IIBL) model supported by Smart Learning in vocational engineering education. Method. A Design-Based Research approach was employed through iterative processes of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, including expert validation, practicality testing, and effectiveness testing. Validation instruments were analyzed using SEM-PLS to ensure construct validity, while practicality was measured through student and lecturer perception surveys. Effectiveness was evaluated across three implementation cycles through analyses of cognitive, psychomotor, affective, and 21st-century skills, supported by paired sample t-tests comparing pre- and post-test scores in control and experimental groups. Results. The IIBL model was construct-valid, with outer loadings above 0.70, AVE above 0.50, CR above 0.70, and HTMT below 0.90. Practicality evaluations by lecturers and students reached a very high category, while effectiveness testing showed significant improvements in students’ cognitive, psychomotor, affective, and 21st-century skills. Conclusion. The developed IIBL model provides a validated instructional framework integrating inquiry-based learning, blended learning, and Smart Learning support, contributing a structured IIBL syntax empirically validated through SEM-PLS and demonstrating potential to enhance students’ engagement, practical competencies, and 21st-century skills.
Co-Authors Afrizal, Azhar Agus Nasrianto Ahmad Arif Alex Firstson Kurniawan alex sandra zalman Alfadli Yohanda Damai Ambiyar, Ambiyar Amin Zuhdi Almunawar Ananda, Opi Andre, Joni Andrizal Andrizal Andrizal Andrizal Andrizal Arsyfadhillah Arsyfadhillah Arwizet Arwizet, Arwizet Asmar Yulastri Atikah Hana Putri Zelvanda Azhar Afrizal Debataraja, Daniel Parningotan Dede Rachmad Dedy Irfan Delsina Faiza Delsina Fauzia Dony Novaliendry Dwi Sudarno Putra Elfina, Eni Eni Elfina Erni Marlina Binti Saari Erzeddin Alwi Ganefri . Giatman, Mohammad Hamdi Ramadhan Hanapi Hasan Hansi Effendi Hasan Maksum Hendra Dani Saputra Herman Safar Hernando, Fadli I Gusti Bagus Wiksuana Iffarial Nanda Ika Parma Dewi Ilham Eka Ikhwandi Intan Maisa Tania Kurniawan, Alex Firstson Lasyatta Syaifullah M Nasir M Nasir M. Ady Safutra Pulungan M. Giatman M. Hifzon Fadhlika M. Nasir M. Natsir M. Yasep Setiawan Martias Milana Milana Muhammad Adri Muhammad Shiddiq Mukhaiyar, Riki Mukhlidi Muskhir Muslim Muslim Nanda, Iffarial Nanda, Iffarial Nasrul Hadi Nasrun Nasrun Nizwardi Jalinus Nuzul Hidayat, Nuzul Purwanto, Wawan Putra, Rido Ramadhani, Witri Randa M Refdinal, Refdinal Refi Putra Yandi Remon Lapisa Remon Lapisa Remon Lapisa Rifdarmon Rifdarmon Rifdarmon Rifdarmon, Rifdarmon Rifdarmon, Rifdarmon Rifdarmon, Rifdarmon - Rifelino Rifelino Rizky Rahman Ronald Lorenzo Salsabila, Unik Hanifah Siswahyudianto Sri Siswati Sulaeman Deni Ramdani Syahril Syahril Syaiful Islami Toto Sugiarto Tri Putra Yuliardi Usmeldi Usmeldi Wanda Afnison Wiki Lofandri Yuliardi, Tri Putra Zainal Abadi zalman, alex sandra