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All Journal Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan (Journal of Soil Science and Environment) Sainteks Ecotrophic, Journal of Environmental Science ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Agrikultura Microbiology Indonesia BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Journal of Tropical Soils Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati KOMUNITAS: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE Jurnal Hortikultura Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Kimia (JPPK) Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) BERITA BIOLOGI Jurnal Penelitian Karet Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Jurnal Biodjati Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Jurnal Agrotech Journal of Tropical Crop Science BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Menara Perkebunan JURNAL PANGAN Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (IJFANRES) Makara Journal of Science
DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA
Department Of Soil Sciences And Land Resource, Faculty Of Agriculture, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Enrichment Media Selection and Co-Culture Potential among Exoelectrogen Bacteria Vary with Ecological Factors Khoirunnisa, Nur Syafira; Anwar, Syaiful; Sudadi, Untung; Santosa, Dwi Andreas
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Staphylococcus saprophyticus ICBB 9554 and Citrobacter freundii ICBB 9763 are exoelectrogen bacteria applied as microbial fuel cells (MFC). We selected enrichment media for both these exoelectrogen bacteria, characterized their synergistic traits, and evaluated the growth conditions under different ecological factors. In this study, different enrichment media, such as those containing sugar, molasses, and palm sugar (2, 4, and 6% w/v) were tested for S. saprophyticus ICBB 9554. Meanwhile, technical sodium acetate (NaAc), commercial vinegar 25%, and cider vinegar (5, 10, and 15 mM acetate concentration) were tested for C. freundii ICBB 9763. Both the exoelectrogen bacteria were tested for the synergistic trait by inhibitory test, metabolic activity, and electricity generation performance in MFC. Different ecological factors, including salinity (2, 3, and 4 dS/m), culture media pH (5.8, 6.5, and 6.9), and temperature (20 °C, 27 °C, and 31 °C) were investigated for bacterial growth. The selective enrichment medium ingredient for S. saprophyticus ICBB 9554 was 2% molasses while that for C. freundii ICBB 9763 was 0.05 M technical sodium acetate. Both bacteria were suspected to grow synergistically and could be inoculated simultaneously as a co-culture in MFC. The effect of different ecological factors indicated that co-culture could grow better than pure culture. This study's findings provide important data on potential enrichment media for exoelectrogen bacteria that are beneficial for scale-up to reduce the operational cost.
Deagrarianization and Livelihood Dislocation of Peasant Community in Rural Java Pujiriyani, Dwi Wulan; Soetarto, Endriatmo; Santosa, Dwi Andreas; Agusta, Ivanovich
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (386.119 KB) | DOI: 10.22500/sodality.v6i2.23235

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study aim to analyze the deagrarianization phenomena occurring in peasant communities in rural Java. The research was done by explanative case study approach. The emic perspective is used to perform close reading through participation observation. Data is obtained through the collection and analysis of individual experiences (life history). Data analysis was done descriptively. The result shows that character as an agrarian village still survives. The villages still have peasants and active agriculture activity. Agriculture still in production. Nevertheless, the characteristic of agrarian community as the base of agrarian village, certainly experiencing a decay. Agrarian community are not peasants who cultivate their agricultural land, but they are ‘quasy peasants’ who hire other people to do it. The real deagrarianizaton threats come from within peasant community itself. Agriculture was stopped in the second generation. The third generation from community more attached to various non-agriculture activities that grows exclusively.Keywords: quasi peasant, agriculture, deagrarianization, communityABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis fenomena deagrarianisasi yang terjadi pada komunitas petani di pedesaan Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus eksplanatif. Perspektif emik digunakan untuk melakukan pembacaan jarak dekat (close reading) melalui partisipasi observasi. Data diperoleh melalui pengumpulan dan penganalisaan pengalaman individu (life history). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter sebagai desa agraris masih tetap bertahan. Desa masih memiliki petani dan masih menunjukkan aktivitas pertanian yang dilakukan secara aktif. Produksi pertanian masih berjalan. Meskipun demikian karakter komunitas agraris sebagai penopang desa agraris mengalami peluruhan secara pasti. Komunitas agraris bukanlah petani yang mengerjakan lahannya sendiri, tetapi mereka adalah ‘petani semu’ yang mempekerjakan orang lain untuk mengolah sawah. Ancaman deagrarianisasi yang nyata bukan berasal dari luar komunitas, melainkan hadir dari dalam komunitas petani sendiri. Pertanian secara aktif berhenti pada generasi kedua. Generasi ketiga dari komunitas petani lebih lekat dengan berbagai aktivitas non pertanian yang tumbuh semakin eksklusif.Kata kunci: petani semu, pertanian, deagrarianisasi, komunitas
Utilization of Red Mud and Biofertilizer for Peat Quality Improvement and Its Effect on the Growth and Production of Hybrid Corn Juhari, Juhari; Iskandar, Iskandar; Santosa, Dwi Andreas
Agrikultura Vol 35, No 3 (2024): Desember, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v35i3.59075

Abstract

Peatlands are suboptimal lands that can be improved its quality to be used for agricultural cultivation. One of which is by using red mud and biofertilizer. Red mud, a by-product of bauxite processing, is widely available in West Kalimantan. Red mud has high pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and base saturation. Biofertilizers are products containing selected microorganisms that can help enhance plant growth and yield. This study aims to examine the effects of red mud and biofertilizer applications on peat quality improvement and their impact on the growth and yield of hybrid corn. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was red mud with three dosage levels: control (l0), 6 tons/ha (l1), and 12 tons/ha (l2). The second factor was biofertilizer with three types: control (p0), Mycofer at 10 g/plant (p0), and Provibio at 10 ml/l (p2). The results showed that red mud at a dose of 12 tons/ha significantly affected soil pH, electrical conductivity, plant growth, and hybrid corn yield. The interaction of 12 tons/ha red mud and Provibio biofertilizer significantly increased sodium content and achieved the highest uptake of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
Isolation and Electrochemical Evaluation of Electrogenic Bacteria from the Sediment of Two Waterlogged-Ecosystems Indriyani, Yohanna Anisa; Rusmana, Iman; Anwar, Syaiful; Djajakirana, Gunawan; Santosa, Dwi Andreas
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 10, No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v10i1.9476

Abstract

Electrogenic microbes have been exploited in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system for harvesting bioelectricity. Electrogens are widely distributed in various environments, but the exploration of this microbial group from ecosystems in Indonesia is still limited. This present study aimed to isolate the electrogenic bacteria from sediments of two waterlogged ecosystems (dam and paddy field) using serial dilution into extinction method prior to streak plate method on the solid thioglycollate media supplemented with Fe3+. Electrochemical evaluation was conducted in glucose-fed dual-chamber MFC by using Arduino UNO-based data logger for the accurate monitoring of electricity production in the term of open circuit voltage (OCV). A total of 54 electrogens were successfully isolated from these two ecosystems, ranging from weakness to strongest electrogens (OCV >800 mV) and ranging from microaerophilic, aerotolerant and facultative anaerobes, to obligate anaerobes. This result also suggested that sediment of waterlogged ecosystems rich in electron donor and solid acceptor electron compounds could potentially host electrogenic microbes. The exploration of electrogens from many other waterlogged ecosystems in Indonesia, both natural and anthropic ecosystems, could be conducted to collect genetic resources of novel electrogenic bacteria for the development of MFC technology in Indonesia.
Peranan rizobakteri dan fungi mikoriza arbuskular dalam proses fotosintesis dan produksi gula sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Role of rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in increasing photosynthesis process and sugar production of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Bedah RUPAEDAH; Iswandi ANAS; Dwi Andreas SANTOSA; Wahono SUMARYONO; Sri Wilarso BUDI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 83 No. 1: 83 (1), 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i1.13

Abstract

AbstractDual inoculation effects of rhizobacteria andAMF as well as the addition of chemical fertilizerson photosynthesis were studied by analyzingprocess of CO2 gas exchange, chlorophyll content,nutrient uptake, sugar content and growth of sweetsorghum. AMF inoculation as a single cultureincreased carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration, phosphoruscontent, chlorophyll content, sugar content, plantheight, shoot weight and mycorrhizal colonization.Interaction of AMF and rhizobacteria increasedsugar content of sweet sorghum stems andpotassium content of sweet sorghum leaves,whereas its interaction with chemical fertilizerssignificantly increased chlorophyll content, sugarcontent and mycorrhizal colonization of sorghumplant roots. Interaction of AMF, rhizobacteria andchemical fertilizers increased sugar content, rootweight and mycorrhizal colonization. The use ofAMF solely or its interaction with rhizobacteriaand chemical fertilizers had a great potential inimproving photosynthesis process of sweetsorghum. The process is associated with increasingcrop productivity, such as sugar content ofsorghum which is potential as a source ofrenewable energy.AbstrakPengaruh inokulasi ganda rizobakteri danFMA dengan penambahan pupuk kimia dipelajaridengan cara menganalisis proses pertukaran gas CO2, kandungan klorofil, kandungan hara dan gula,pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sorgum manis.Inokulasi FMA sebagai kultur tunggal dapatmeningkatkan asimilasi karbon, konduktansistomata, konsentrasi CO2 interselular, kandunganfosfor, kandungan klorofil, kandungan gula, tinggitanaman, berat batang dan derajat kolonisasimikoriza. Interaksi antara rizobakteri dan FMAdapat meningkatkan kandungan gula batang dankalium daun sorgum manis, sedangkan interaksinyadengan pupuk kimia dapat meningkatkan kandunganklorofil dan gula serta derajat kolonisasimikoriza pada perakaran sorgum manis. Sementaraitu, interaksi FMA, rizobakteri dan pupuk kimiadapat meningkatkan kandungan gula batang, beratakar dan derajat kolonisasi mikoriza pada perakaransorgum manis. Penggunaan FMA baik sendirimaupun interaksinya dengan rizobakteri dan pupukkimia memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkanproses fotosintesis sorgum manis. Proses tersebutberkaitan dengan peningkatan produktivitas sorgummanis dalam hal ini kandungan gula sorgum manisyang berpotensi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan.
Pengaruh pemberian inokulan Burkholderia cenocepacia dan bahan organik terhadap sifat fisik tanah berpasir Effect of the inoculation of Burkholderia cenocepacia and organic materials on physical properties of a sandy soil Laksmita Prima SANTI; . SUDARSONO; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Kukuh MURTILAKSONO; Dwi Andreas SANTOSA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 78 No. 1: 78 (1), 2010
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v78i1.74

Abstract

AbstractSoil aggregation is a dynamic and very important factor for the development of agricultural soil functions. Unstable soil aggregation in a sandy soil type is a limiting factor for plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate theinfluence of a exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium and organic material on some physical properties of a sandy soil. A highly potential bacterium for exopolysaccharides production, i.e Burkholderia cenocepacia, was isolated froma sandy soil located at Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan. The isolated bacterium is capable on improving aggregate’s stability of a soil with about 60% sand fraction [medium sand fraction (MSF)]. Interaction between available water and electric conductivity with aggregate stability index has significant correlation in medium sand fraction inoculated by 109 CFU of B. cenocepacia suspension, i.e. r = 0.806* and r=0.966**, respectively. Organic materials and its combination with the addition of 108 CFU B. cenocepacia suspension treatments could increase the aggregate stability index but have no effects on bulk density and total pore space values in an artificial condition of medium sand fraction. AbstrakAgregasi tanah bersifat dinamis dan merupakan faktor penting untuk pengembangan fungsi tanah pertanian. Ketidakstabilan agregat tanah pada jenis tanah berpasir merupakan faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh eksopolisakarida bakteri dan bahan organik terhadap beberapa sifat fisik bahan tanah berpasir. Satu bakteri potensial penghasil eksopolisakarida yaitu Burkholderia cenocepacia telah berhasil diisolasi dari bahan tanah berpasir asal Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Bakteri ini dapat meningkatkan kemantapan agregat bahan tanah dengan kandungan fraksi pasir sekitar 60% [fraksi pasir sedang (FPS)]. Hubungan antara air tersedia dan konduktivitas elektrik terhadap indeks kemantapan agregat sangat nyata pada bahan tanah FPS yang diinokulasi dengan 109 CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia masing-masing r = 0,806* dan = 0,966**. Perlakuan bahan organik dan kombinasinya dengan penambahan 109CFU suspensi B. cenocepacia dapat meningkatkan indeks kemantapan agregat tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan lindak dan total ruang pori di dalam fraksi pasir sedang.
Pengembangan penanda molekuler untuk deteksi Phytophthora palmivora pada tanaman kakao Development of molecular marker for the detection of Phytophthora palmivora in cacao T W DARMONO; Ilyas JAMIL; Dwi Andreas SANTOSA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 74 No. 2: 74 (2), 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i2.110

Abstract

Summary Pod rot is one of the most important diseases in cacao. This disease could be incited by Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya,  P. capsici or P. citrophthora.  The causal agent of pod rot disease in cacao in Indonesia is known to be P. palmivora.  The success of pod rot disease management is partly depend on the success of efforts in reducing the quantity and quality of the disease inoculum above and below soil surface.  Provision of molecular-based detection system would improve the accuracy of determination of these two parameters. The objective of this experiment was to develop a pair of primers that could be used to specifically amplify rDNA fragments of P. palmivora associated with pod rot disease in cacao.  Design of these primers was made based on the DNA sequence of rDNA fragment amplified using a pair of universal primers ITS4/ITS5. Regions showing high degree of dissimilarity among species of Phytophthora and high degree of similarity within the same species of P. palmivora were determined through DNA alignment.  Specific forward primer (DTF) 5¢-CTT AGT TGG GGG TCT CTT TC-3¢  and reverse primer (Ilyas1R) 5¢-GTT CAC CAA TCA TAC CAC C-3¢ were obtained. This pair of primers had been proven to specifically amplify only rDNA fragment, approximately 650 bp, of P. palmivora associated with pod rot disease and stem canker in cacao.Ringkasan Penyakit busuk buah merupakan salah satu penyakit terpenting pada tanaman kakao.  Penyakit ini dapat disebabkan oleh Phytoph-thora palmivora, P. megakarya, P. capsici atau P. citrophthora. Di Indonesia busuk buah disebabkan oleh P. palmivora. Keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit busuk buah salah satunya tergantung kepada keberhasilan penekanan kuantitas dan kualitas inokulum baik yang berada di atas maupun di bawah permukaan tanah. Tersedianya perangkat deteksi molekuler akan sangat membantu dalam upaya penetapan kedua parameter ter-sebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengem-bangkan satu pasang primer yang secara spesifik mampu mengamplifikasi hanya fragmen rDNA P. palmivora yang berkaitan dengan busuk buah kakao. Desain primer dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada sekuen rDNA yang diamplifikasi dengan pasangan primer universal ITS4/ITS5. Daerah yang menunjukkan urutan basa dengan tingkat keragaman yang tinggi antar spesies Phytoph-thora dan yang menunjukkan tingkat kesamaan tinggi dalam satu spesies P. palmivora  yang sama  ditelusuri melalui penjajaran DNA. Hasil desain primer diperoleh primer forward (DTF) 5¢-CTT AGT TGG GGG TCT CTT TC-3¢  dan  reverse (Ilyas1R) 5¢-GTT CAC CAA TCA TAC CAC C-3¢. Pasangan primer DTF dan Ilyas1R ini hanya mampu mengamplifikasi fragmen rDNA berukuran 650 bp dari P. palmivora penyebab penyakit  buah  dan kanker batang kakao.
Cloning and expression study of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) sucrose transporter gene (SoSUT4) Rani Nur Fitriani; Dwi Andreas Santosa; Miftahudin
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.584

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is a vital commodity for global sugar production and biomass generation, with sucrose being the primary sugar accumulated predominantly in the stem. The sucrose transporter protein is essential in facilitating sucrose transport across cells and over long distances within plants, from source to sink tissues. This study focused on the cloning and expression analysis of the SoSUT4 gene in the Bululawang sugarcane variety. A partial coding sequence of SoSUT4, comprising 802 nucleotides and encoding a 267-amino acid protein, was successfully cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that the SoSUT4 protein shares high similarity with other SUT4 proteins in monocotyledonous plants, particularly with Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum hybrid. Bioinformatics predictions indicated that the SoSUT4 protein is localized to the plasma membrane and contains six transmembrane helices. Gene expression analysis further demonstrated that SoSUT4 expression was significantly higher in the middle internodes of the stem compared to the youngest midsection of the leaves. This expression pattern correlates with higher sucrose accumulation in the stem, as reflected by elevated Brix levels in the stem (19.61%) compared to the leaves (19.48%). This finding suggests that SoSUT4 is essential for sucrose translocation to the stem, which serves as the primary storage site for sugar. The study provides valuable insights into the SoSUT gene family in sugarcane, particularly highlighting the role of SoSUT4 in sugar transport and accumulation. Future research should further investigate the underlying mechanisms of SoSUT4 and related genes to enhance our understanding of their impact on sugarcane yield, with potential applications for genetic engineering aimed at improving crop productivity. [Keywords: brix, relative expression, SoSUT4]
The Diversity and Abundance of Springtail (Collembola) on Forests and Smallholder in Jambi Widrializa, .; Widyastuti, Rahayu; Santosa, Dwi Andreas; Djajakirana, Gunawan
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 20 No. 3: September 2015
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2015.v20i3.173-180

Abstract

Harapan forests is the first restoration forest in Indonesia, includes several different ecosystems. Different ecosystems have different characteristic to affect the diversity and abundance of Collembola. In the ecosystem, Collembola have an important role in biocontrol, decomposition, soil nutrient distribution, stimulation of soil microbial activity and as an alternative feed for predators. This study was aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of Collembola in four ecosystems at Harapan forest, i.e. secondary forest, rubber forest, rubber smallholder and oil palm smallholder. To achieve the objective, soil samples were taken at 48 observation points in the four ecosystem. The soil samples were then extracted by Kempson Extractor. The diversity and abundance of Collembola in four ecosystems were categorized as medium to high. The total of individual and population of Collembola in the secondary and rubber forest ecosystems were likely to be higher than in the rubber and oil palm smallholders. This study had also identified four orders, 14 families and 31 genera of Collembola, where Isotomiella and Proisotoma dominated the genus of Collembola in the four ecosystems. [How to Cite: Widrializa, R Widyastuti, DA Santosa and G Djajakirana. 2015. The Diversity and Abundance of Springtail (Collembola) on Forests and Smallholder in Jambi. J Trop Soils 20: 173-180. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.173] 
Mycorrhizae and Biofertilizers Applications Stimulate Pineapple Growth in Acidic Soil Fitriyani, Indri Hapsari; Santosa, Dwi Andreas; Hazrah, Fahrizal; Nurfadila, Uci; Falih, Fairuz Annabil
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.683-694

Abstract

Pineapple is a leading commodity worldwide and can grow in a variety of mineral and organic soils. Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers has a detrimental impact on soil and crop health. Biofertilizers contain beneficial microorganisms that can enhance soil fertility, improve soil health, and promote sustainable crop production. This study aimed to investigate the crucial role of biofertilizers and mycorrhizae in promoting the vegetative growth of pineapple in acidic soils. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with nine treatment levels and five replications. The results showed that the mycorrhizae applied at 5 g per plant, combined with full doses of chemical fertilizer (0.5 g ZA, 2 g DAP, and 2 g KCl per plant), produced the highest mycorrhizal colonization in treatment P4. Meanwhile, Provibio® biofertilizer at 5 mL per plant (diluted in 0.5 L water), mycorrhizae at 2.5 g per plant, and half doses of chemical fertilizer (0.25 g ZA, 1 g DAP, and 1 g KCl per plant (P8), improved vegetative growth and soil properties (pH, organic C, and total N) and supported the highest microbial population in the rhizosphere (26.05 × 10⁴ CFU.g-1 soil). This study demonstrated that the combined application of biofertilizers and mycorrhizae in moderate doses is more effective than full single-dose applications, leading to healthier soils and stronger vegetative growth of pineapple in acidic soils.
Co-Authors . Giyanto . Giyanto Abdul Hasyim Sodiq Abdul Munif Agus Purwito Aisamrotul Hasanah Aksarah Pas, Aris Amanda Kusuma Dewi Anas Miftah Fauzi Arum Asiyanti Suhastyo, Arum Asiyanti Arum Asriyanti Suhastyo Atang Sutandi Batara, Lily Noviani Bedah Rupaedah Bibiana W Lay Bibiana W Lay BIBIANA W LAY Chansyanah Diawati Dedeh H Arief Dedi Widayat Dian Hendrayanti Didiek Hadjar Goenadi Didy Sopandie Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani Endriatmo Soetarto F. Dian Lina Fahrizal Hazra Falih, Fairuz Annabil Fitriyani, Indri Hapsari Giyanto, Giyanto Gunawan Djajakirana Gustav Adolf Wattimena Hamim Hamim HANNA ARTUTI EKAMAWANTI Hari R Harlyadi Harpasis S. Sanusi Harpasis S. Sanusi Haryanti Haryanti Hazrah, Fahrizal Hudi, Firdaus Alam I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana Ilyas Jamil Iman Rusmana Indriyani, Yohanna Anisa Iskandar Iskandar Iswandi Anas Iswandi Anas Iswandi Anas Chaniago Iswandi Anas Chaniago, Iswandi Anas Ivanovich Agusta Juhari Juhari, Juhari Khoirunnisa, Nur Syafira Kukuh Murtilaksono Kurnia Dewi Sasmita Kusuma Handayani Laksmita Prima Santi Laksono Trisnantoro LILIK BUDIPRASETYO Maggy T Suhartono Memen Surahman Mieke Rochimi Setiawati Miftahudin Muchamad Yusron Muhammad Rivai Nasrul Harahap NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK Noegroho Hadi Noor Fadiawati Nuchsin, Ruyitno NUNI GOFAR Nurfadila, Uci Nursaadah . RAHAYU WIDYASTUTI Rani Nur Fitriani Remaja Sitepu Rustam, Rustam Ruyitno Ruyitno S Siswanto Sanjaya, Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sari, Retno Purnama Siswanto siswanto Slamet Susanto Sri Wilarso Budi Sudarsono Sukmadewi, Desak Ketut Tristiana SULASTRI Suryo Wiyono Susiyanti . Syaiful Anwar T W DARMONO Titik Tri Wahyuni Tommy Kurniawan Tornando, Hengki Tri Prartono Trikoesoemaningtyas Tualar Slmarmata Umi Hidayati Umi Hidayati Untung Sudadi Wahono Sumaryono Widrializa, . Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sanjaya Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sanjaya YADI SETIADI Yeti Darmayati Yeti Darmayati Yohanna Anisa Indriyani YULIN LESTARI Yuni Lisafitri, Yuni Yuyun Sumarni Zulfarina Zulfarina Zulfarina,