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The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Gigaspora margarita) on Mercury and Nutrients Accumulation by Enterolobium cyclocarpum Seedlings HANNA ARTUTI EKAMAWANTI; YADI SETIADI; DIDY SOPANDIE; DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 4 (2013): November 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (154.129 KB) | DOI: 10.5454/mi.7.4.5

Abstract

A river-sand culture experiment was conducted to investigate whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization influenced mercury (Hg) and nutrients accumulation, and whether AM fungus (AMF) Gigaspora margarita enhance host plant sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) tolerance to Hg. Hg was applied as HgCl2 at different levels (375 and 750 µM) and added to the full strength of Hoagland's solution, then applied to seedlings in river-sands as growth media according to treatments.  The non-mycorrhizal and mycorhizal E. cyclocarpum roots took up Hg, but its translocation to the leaves was inhibited. AM inoculation decreased significantly Hg content of roots seedlings by 70.5% from non-AM inoculation seedlings. Mycorrhizae enhanced significantly Ca and Mg uptake in shoot by 1.29- and 1.27-fold higher than non-mycorrhizal seedlings, but not enhanced significantly P uptake. Based on the roots dry weight, the tolerance index of non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal seedlings treated with 750 µM Hg supply was > 50%. It indicated that the seedlings can tolerate up to 750 µM Hg added. Considering the possible differences in AMF response to Hg in polluted soil from the field, it is not yet clear if Gi. margarita could be applied for phytoremediation of Hg in contaminated sites. Therefore, more work needs to be done using AMF isolates to reveal the possible application in the management of Hg contaminated soils.
PEMANFAATAN KONSORSIUM BAKTERI LOKAL UNTUK BIOREMEDIASI LIMBAH TEKSTIL MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM KOMBINASI ANAEROBIK-AEROBIK I Dewa K Sastrawidana; Bibiana W Lay; Anas Miftah Fauzi; Dwi Andreas Santosa
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v9i2.2020

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The objective of this research is to study the potential use microorganisms which are identified as Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas $p., Flavobaclerium sp., Plesiomonas sp. and Vibrio sp. Five bacteria strains from sludge of Badung river were identified as Vibrio sp. and Plesiomonas sp. Two anaerobic-aerobic reactors were operated to treat textile waste water. Each reactor contained vulcanic stone to increase spesific surface of media for attachment of bacteria.Bacteria consortia used for anaerobic process consist of Aeromonas sp. (ML6), Aeromonas sp. (ML14), Aeromonas sp. 9ML24), Pseudomonas sp. (ML8) and Flavobacterium sp. (ML20). Whereas, bacteria consortia for aerobic process consist of Plesiomonas sp. (SB1), Plesiomonas sp. (SB2), Vibrio sp.(SB1), Vibrio sp. (SB2) and Vibrio sp. (SB3). The system was operated for 3 day in each reactor. The result showed, biodegradation of textile waste water in combined anaerobic-aerobic system by attached growth process is potential for treatment of textile waste water.This technology is effective to decrease COD value up to 98.38%, BODS 93.90%, TDS 80.87%, TSS 87.50% and decolorization of textile dyes up to 95.57%.
POTENSI KULTUR CAMPURAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT SEBAGAI PEMACU PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN KARET Umi Hidayati; Iswandi Anas Chaniago; Abdul Munif; Siswanto Siswanto; Dwi Andreas Santosa
Jurnal Penelitian Karet JPK : Volume 32, Nomor 2, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Karet - PT. Riset Perkebunan Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/ppk.jpk.v32i2.159

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Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman, dapat diisolasi melalui sterilisasi permukaan jaringan tanaman. Isolasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman karet yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan sangat penting dilakukan. Pembuatan kultur campuran dari bakteri endofit diharapkan meningkatkan potensi dalam memacu pertumbuhan yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas bibit batang bawah tanaman karet. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mendapatkan kultur campuran bakteri endofit sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan bibit tanaman karet. Lima bakteri endofit dari tanaman karet yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan yaitu Bacillus cereus KPD6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KPA32, Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LPD74, bacterium (bakteri tidak dikenal) LPD76, dan Providencia vermicola KPA38, diuji kompatibilitas untuk mendapatkan kultur campuran yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit batang bawah PB 260. Semua bakteri endofit terpilih kompatibel satu dengan yang lain. Aplikasi kultur campuran untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit batang bawah PB 260 memberikan hasil 2 kultur campuran terbaik. Kultur campuran 1 terdiri 2 spesies bakteri yaitu Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LPD74 dan Providencia vermicola KPA38.  Kultur campuran 2 terdiri 3 spesies bakteri yaitu  Bacillus cereus KPD6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KPA32, dan Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LPD74. Bakteri endofit mampu masuk ke planlet bibit karet microcutting yang dibuktikan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy. Diterima : 19 Mei 2014; Direvisi : 30 Mei 2014; Disetujui : 21 Juni 2014  How to Cite : Hidayati, U., Chaniago, I. A., Munif, A., Siswanto., & Santosa, D. A. (2014). Potensi kultur campuran bakteri endofit sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan bibit tanaman karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 129-138. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/159
Exploration and characterization of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria from soil in West Kalimantan for improving sandy soil aggregation Nasrul Harahap; Dwi Andreas Santosa; Nuni Gofar
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol 5, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (111.355 KB) | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2018.054.1373

Abstract

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a complex mix of macro-molecular electrolyte contained in the outer cells of bacteria excreted as mucus and has a role in soil aggregation. This study aims to obtain bacteria that have a high potential for exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. A total of 112 isolates of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria were isolated from rubber soil rhizosphere, secondary forest, and shrubs in PT. Hutan Ketapang Industri is the result of isolation on ATCC no.14 medium. Based on the observations of a morphological colony of these isolates, most of them similarities of color and shape but only 25 colonies are different isolates were obtained based on colony morphology. However, only 10 isolates formed a thick mucus or slimy when cultured on MacConcey agar. the results show that obtained three isolates of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria have a higher value of the dry weight i.e. isolates RB292 (7.53 mg/mL) followed by RB51 (7.55 mg/mL), and RB241 (1.75 mg/mL) with 2% sucrose. Isolates RB51 and RB292 increasing significantly soil aggregate stability at 2% dosage of organic matter with soil aggregate stability index from 30.61% to 47.87% and 45.79%. Homology of the isolates with known bacteria i.e. isolate RB51 was 98.86% homolog with Klebsiella sp. LW-13, isolate RB241 was 98.65% homolog with Klebsiella pneumonia strain DSM 30104 and isolate RB292 was 98.83% homolog with Burkholderia anthina strain MYSP113
PENYISIPAN GEN FITASE PADA TANAMAN TEBU cv. PA 175 MELALUI Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV 2260 (pBinPI-IIEC) Susiyanti .; Gustav Adolf Wattimena; Memen Surahman; Agus Purwito; Dwi Andreas Santosa
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Untirta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (304.345 KB) | DOI: 10.33512/j.agrtek.v1i1.559

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ABSTRACT Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of importance crop grown in marginal in Indonesia. Phosphorus (P) is critical to the growth and development of plant in the marginal land. P is stored in plant  as phytic acid (myo-inositolhexakisphosphate).  Phytic acid is hydrolyzed by the activity  of phytases to yield inositol and free phosphate. Genetic transformation of sugarcane with phytases gene holds promise to provide enough P during period of rapid cell division and growth of plant.  Plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, has become the most used method for the introduction foreign genes into plant cells and the sub sequens regeneration of transgenic plant. The selection and regeneration of embryogenic callus of transformed plant was done on MS medium containing kanamycin. The main objective of this study were: (1) To find the best kanamycin  concentration for selectable marker; (2) Insert phytase gen into  varieties of sugarcane (cv. PA 175) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV 2260 (pBinPI-IIEC); and (3)  To analyze of intregated transgene into genom of sugarcane using PCR  method.  Result of the experiment showed: (1) kanamycin selectable marker lethal doses for transformed sugarcane calli: 100 mg l-1;   (2)  Efficiency transformation of putative transgenic line  was cv. PA 175= 24 %; (3)  The first culture of transformed calli become 24 (Triton cv.), 18 (PSJT 94-41 cv.), and 30 (PA 175 cv.) putative plants; the second sub cullture of putative eksplant regenerate become new plant: 380 (PA 175 cv.) plants.  (4) Analyzed of integrated phytase gene was proven by appearance of 900 bp of PCR band (5) transgenic plants (cv. PA 175)  with highest activities respectively: 45 %; with medium phytase activity: 27 %, and low phytase activity: 27 % from total of sample.  Non transgenic plants, most of sample show low phytase activity respectively:  100 % , noneh show medium - hight activy of phytase.  Key words: Sugarcane, transformation, phytase,  Agrobacterium tumefaciens
POTENSI MIKROBA ASAL MIKROORGANIME LOKAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH PAPRIKA Abdul Hasyim Sodiq; Mieke Rochimi Setiawati; Dwi Andreas Santosa; Dedi Widayat
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Untirta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33512/jur.agroekotetek.v11i2.7694

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis experiment was continues from the study of biological fertilizers potential’slocal microorganisms from the best main raw materials obtained from previousexperiments. This experiment used five selected raw materials to make localmicroorganisms, including: bamboo roots, broccoli leaves, chicken manure, rabbit manure and goat manure, each raw material was made 2 times so that there were 10 local microorganisms samples. The results showed that the highest of total bacterial population were shown by local microorganisms goat manure with a value of 7.2 x 105 cfu/ml, then the highest population of Azotobacter and Azospirillium were shown by local microorganisms rabbit manure with values of 6.4 x 104 cfu/ml and 3.5 x 103 cfu/ml and total fungi populations was local microorganisms goat manure with a value of 4.7 x 103 propagules/ml. In the pathogenicity test, 9 nine bacterial isolates were obtained, 25 Azotobacter isolates, 15 Azospirillium isolates were proven to provide negative responses to the pathogenicity test. Furthermore, in the seed nurserytest, only 33 microbial isolates were obtained which could support the growth ofpaprika seeds with the best results were shown by aquadest water control, 4B-1 NFB, 5A-1 NFB, and 1A-2 NFB isolates respectively. 
Tekanan Populasi, Kepadatan Agraris, dan Ketersediaan Lahan pada Komunitas Petani Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani; Endriatmo Soetarto; Dwi Andreas Santosa; Ivanovich Agusta
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i1.318

Abstract

Abstract: Population density is a serious problem for the existence of the peasant community and its agricultural landscape. In this situation, deagrarianization becomes a necessity because the economies scale of farming are becoming smaller and not profitable for peasants. This paper aims to analyze the community's strategy in maintaining its agrarian landscape. Data for this study were obtained through community case study method. Live in strategy is done for 2.5 months to deepen understanding at the community. The results showed that the peasant community was actively defend not to get out from agriculture. Expansion by increasing land ownership and reducing population numbers are the two main strategies. This strategy allows the ratio of agrarian landscape and agrarian density not to make the younger generation lose the opportunity to own agricultural land. Optimism to increase ownership of agricultural land for the younger generation is done by buying agricultural land from those who are not interested in pursuing agriculture.Keywords: land ownership, agriculture, deagrarianization, community strategyIntisari: Kepadatan penduduk merupakan masalah serius bagi eksistensi komunitas petani dan bentang agrarianya. Dalam situasi serupa ini, deagrarianisasi menjadi sebuah keniscayaan karena skala ekonomi usaha tani menjadi semakin kecil dan tidak menguntungkan bagi petani. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi komunitas dalam mempertahankan bentang agrarianya. Data untuk penelitian ini diperoleh melalui metode studi kasus komunitas. Pendalaman di tingkat komunitas dilakukan dengan live in selama 2,5 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas petani secara aktif berstrategi untuk tidak keluar dari pertanian. Ekspansi dengan menambah kepemilikan lahan dan mengurangi jumlah populasi merupakan dua strategi yang utama. Strategi ini memungkinkan rasio bentang agraria dan kepadatan agraris tidak membuat generasi yang lebih muda kehilangan kesempatan untuk memiliki lahan pertanian. Optimisme menambah kepemilikan lahan pertanian bagi generasi yang lebih muda dilakukan dengan cara membeli lahan pertanian dari mereka yang sudah tidak berminat menekuni pertanian.Kata Kunci: kepemilikan lahan, pertanian, deagrarianisasi, strategi komunitas
EKSPLORASI KONSORSIUM MIKROB FILOSFER DAN RIZOSFER ASAL BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM DI KABUPATEN SIGI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH Aris Aksarah Pas; Didy Sopandie; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Dwi Andreas Santosa
Jurnal Agrotech Vol 8 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS ALKHAIRAAT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31970/agrotech.v8i1.12

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Microbial consortium exploration in an ecosystem is a series of activities aimed at obtaining microb living in a consortium and beneficial to plant growth.The study aimed to obtain leaf and soil samples in various plants within an ecosystem, as a source of a consortium of microbial phyllosphere and rhizosphere to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth and yield of rice crops. The method of determining the location is based on the method of transect sampling/line intersep plot design on an area of 5,196.02 km2. Site determination based on purposive sampling includes ecosystems: rice fields, gardens, pastures and forests.The results showed that, Sigi District has biodiversity in various ecosystems that have potential as source of consortium of microbial phyllosphere and rhizosphere. From the exploration results obtained a sample of 48 species of plants consisting of plants under the level of 30 species, 12 pile poles and 6 types of stakes. The results of the isolation of leaf and soil samples obtained 144 consortium of microbial phyllosphere and 48 consortium of microbial rhizosphere. The obtained consortium was then tested for its effectiveness on the growth and yield of rice crops in the next stage of the study
UJI DAN SELEKSI ISOLAT KONSORSIUM MIKROB FILOSFER DAN RIZOSFER TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH PADI Aris Aksarah Pas; Didy Sopandie; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Dwi Andreas Santosa
Jurnal Agrotech Vol 8 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS ALKHAIRAAT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (214.855 KB) | DOI: 10.31970/agrotech.v8i2.21

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The application of microbes on the seeds of rice plants, microbes can enter into the rice seed tissues and growth in seed tissues, these microbes can colonize and survive and develop in the seeds. Colonization will continue when the plant grows. This study aims to select the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium which can increase plant growth. Furthermore, choosing the best phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium to test its effectiveness in increasing rice growth. The test method was carried out by soaking the rice seeds (seed treatment) on each mixture suspension for 24 hours. Sprout power was observed after 2 days of incubation and root length, shoot length, wet weight and dry weight of seedlings were observed after 5 days. The method uses a Completely Randomized Design one treatment factor. The selection of the eight best consortium isolates was chosen based on the ranking after each parameter was given the weight multiplied by the scoring. The explored samples from various ecosystems in Sigi Regency contain the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium. The isolates of the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium have a positive, neutral and negative influence on rice seed germination. Can be selected for each of the eight best phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortiums
Peranan rizobakteri dan fungi mikoriza arbuskular dalam proses fotosintesis dan produksi gula sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Role of rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in increasing photosynthesis process and sugar production of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Bedah RUPAEDAH; Iswandi ANAS; Dwi Andreas SANTOSA; Wahono SUMARYONO; Sri Wilarso BUDI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 83, No 1: Juni 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (221.72 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i1.13

Abstract

AbstractDual inoculation effects of rhizobacteria andAMF as well as the addition of chemical fertilizerson photosynthesis were studied by analyzingprocess of CO2 gas exchange, chlorophyll content,nutrient uptake, sugar content and growth of sweetsorghum. AMF inoculation as a single cultureincreased carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration, phosphoruscontent, chlorophyll content, sugar content, plantheight, shoot weight and mycorrhizal colonization.Interaction of AMF and rhizobacteria increasedsugar content of sweet sorghum stems andpotassium content of sweet sorghum leaves,whereas its interaction with chemical fertilizerssignificantly increased chlorophyll content, sugarcontent and mycorrhizal colonization of sorghumplant roots. Interaction of AMF, rhizobacteria andchemical fertilizers increased sugar content, rootweight and mycorrhizal colonization. The use ofAMF solely or its interaction with rhizobacteriaand chemical fertilizers had a great potential inimproving photosynthesis process of sweetsorghum. The process is associated with increasingcrop productivity, such as sugar content ofsorghum which is potential as a source ofrenewable energy.AbstrakPengaruh inokulasi ganda rizobakteri danFMA dengan penambahan pupuk kimia dipelajaridengan cara menganalisis proses pertukaran gas CO2, kandungan klorofil, kandungan hara dan gula,pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sorgum manis.Inokulasi FMA sebagai kultur tunggal dapatmeningkatkan asimilasi karbon, konduktansistomata, konsentrasi CO2 interselular, kandunganfosfor, kandungan klorofil, kandungan gula, tinggitanaman, berat batang dan derajat kolonisasimikoriza. Interaksi antara rizobakteri dan FMAdapat meningkatkan kandungan gula batang dankalium daun sorgum manis, sedangkan interaksinyadengan pupuk kimia dapat meningkatkan kandunganklorofil dan gula serta derajat kolonisasimikoriza pada perakaran sorgum manis. Sementaraitu, interaksi FMA, rizobakteri dan pupuk kimiadapat meningkatkan kandungan gula batang, beratakar dan derajat kolonisasi mikoriza pada perakaransorgum manis. Penggunaan FMA baik sendirimaupun interaksinya dengan rizobakteri dan pupukkimia memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkanproses fotosintesis sorgum manis. Proses tersebutberkaitan dengan peningkatan produktivitas sorgummanis dalam hal ini kandungan gula sorgum manisyang berpotensi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan.
Co-Authors . Giyanto . Giyanto Abdul Hasyim Sodiq Abdul Munif Agus Purwito Aisamrotul Hasanah Aksarah Pas, Aris Amanda Kusuma Dewi Anas Miftah Fauzi Arum Asiyanti Suhastyo, Arum Asiyanti Arum Asriyanti Suhastyo Atang Sutandi Batara, Lily Noviani Bedah Rupaedah Bibiana W Lay Bibiana W Lay BIBIANA W LAY Chansyanah Diawati Dedeh H Arief Dedi Widayat Dian Hendrayanti Didiek Hadjar Goenadi Didy Sopandie Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani Endriatmo Soetarto F. Dian Lina Fahrizal Hazra Falih, Fairuz Annabil Fitriyani, Indri Hapsari Giyanto, Giyanto Gunawan Djajakirana Gustav Adolf Wattimena Hamim Hamim HANNA ARTUTI EKAMAWANTI Hari R Harlyadi Harpasis S. Sanusi Harpasis S. Sanusi Haryanti Haryanti Hazrah, Fahrizal Hudi, Firdaus Alam I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana Ilyas Jamil Iman Rusmana Indriyani, Yohanna Anisa Iskandar Iskandar Iswandi Anas Iswandi Anas Iswandi Anas Chaniago Iswandi Anas Chaniago, Iswandi Anas Ivanovich Agusta Juhari Juhari, Juhari Khoirunnisa, Nur Syafira Kukuh Murtilaksono Kurnia Dewi Sasmita Kusuma Handayani Laksmita Prima Santi Laksono Trisnantoro LILIK BUDIPRASETYO Maggy T Suhartono Memen Surahman Mieke Rochimi Setiawati Miftahudin Muchamad Yusron Muhammad Rivai Nasrul Harahap NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK Noegroho Hadi Noor Fadiawati Nuchsin, Ruyitno NUNI GOFAR Nurfadila, Uci Nursaadah . RAHAYU WIDYASTUTI Rani Nur Fitriani Remaja Sitepu Rustam, Rustam Ruyitno Ruyitno S Siswanto Sanjaya, Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sari, Retno Purnama Siswanto siswanto Slamet Susanto Sri Wilarso Budi Sudarsono Sukmadewi, Desak Ketut Tristiana SULASTRI Suryo Wiyono Susiyanti . Syaiful Anwar T W DARMONO Titik Tri Wahyuni Tommy Kurniawan Tornando, Hengki Tri Prartono Trikoesoemaningtyas Tualar Slmarmata Umi Hidayati Umi Hidayati Untung Sudadi Wahono Sumaryono Widrializa, . Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sanjaya Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sanjaya YADI SETIADI Yeti Darmayati Yeti Darmayati Yohanna Anisa Indriyani YULIN LESTARI Yuni Lisafitri, Yuni Yuyun Sumarni Zulfarina Zulfarina Zulfarina,