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UJI DAYA HAMBAT AMOKSISILIN DAN KOTRIMOKSAZOL TERHADAP ISOLAT ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA SUMBER AIR BAKU SUNGAI CITARUM Nuraeni Putri; Ahsanal Kasasiah; Lely Sulfiani Saula
CERATA Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol 13 No 2 (2022): Cerata Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61902/cerata.v13i2.611

Abstract

Sungai Citarum merupakan sungai terpanjang di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Aliran sungai ini di daerah Kabupaten Karawang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia, salah satunya sebagai sumber air baku untuk layanan air bersih. Sungai Citarum telah dilaporkan mengalami pencemaran sehinggga mengindikasikan keberadaan bakteri patogen E. coli. Bakteri ini mampu menyebabkan infeksi pada manusia seperti infeksi saluran pencernaan (diare) dan infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Penggunaan antibiotik menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengobati infeksi akibat bakteri pada manusia, namun antibiotik seringkali mengalami resistensi. Hal ini berbahaya bagi kehidupan manusia karena dapat mengakibatkan terapi menjadi tidak efektif, meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Sensitivitas suatu antibiotik berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pengobatan, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat antibiotik amoksisilin dan kotrimoksazol.yang digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi akibat bakteri E. coli. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental yang meliputi uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, pewarnaan gram, dan uji daya hambat antibiotik terhadap bakteri dengan metode difusi cakram. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, amoksisilin dan kotrimoksazol masih bersifat sensitif terhadap isolat E. coli. Uji daya hambat yang dilakukan pada amoksisilin menunjukkan diameter zona hambat ≥17 mm sedangkan pada kotrimoksazol menunjukkan diameter zona hambat ≥16 mm.
The Influence of CYP2C19 Gene Polymorphism on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors In Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Pharmacogenetic Prospecting Approach Urbaningrum, Lestari Mahardika; Hermosaningtyas, Anastasia Aliesa; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Rahmasari, Ratika; Raekiansyah, Muhareva; Hartanto, Adrian; Malau, Jekmal
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 10, No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v10i1.20338

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a chronic disorder characterized by at least a two-week-long major depressive episode. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) remain the primary prescribed antidepressants to treat MDD. However, SSRIs themselves are found to be ineffective in some individuals or may even lead to adverse side effects. These variable responses have been linked to the drug being metabolized by CYP2C19, which exhibited various polymorphisms. Understanding how gene polymorphism affects drug metabolism is essential since these insights can revolutionize clinical practice, allowing for more precise and personalized treatment approaches that optimize efficacy while minimizing side effects. This issue is particularly pertinent in Indonesia, where research in this area lags behind the pressing need for such studies. In this review, the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the effectiveness of SSRI class drugs, namely citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline, are explored. Nine relevant articles related to the topic have been studied in Japan, China, Turkey, Russia, Scandinavia, and Australia. The results concluded that CYP2C19 polymorphism can influence the metabolism of SSRIs (citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline) due to its variability in enzyme activities, which includes both loss-of-function (*2, *3) and gain-of-function (*17) polymorphisms. Consequently, these genetic variations can lead to significant changes in drug efficacy and safety changes within individual patients. This review sheds light on the importance of considering genetic factors when prescribing SSRIs for MDD in the future treatment strategies.
Genetic Studies On The GHSR and IGF1R and Their Relationship With Stunting: A Systematic Literature Review Indratno, Saarah Hamidah Asmara; Malau, Jekmal; Kasasiah, Ahsanal
JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS Vol 10, No 2: Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus July 2024
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jpbn.v10i2.5731

Abstract

Stunting, also known as short stature, is a condition that occurs in children where children grow too short for their age. It can be influenced by several external and internal factors. This study explored various databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Sage Journal, Springer Link, with keywords: "stunting OR short stature AND GHSR AND IGF1R AND genetic". There are 114 articles that match the PICOTS elements to be further reviewed using the PRISMA diagram. In this review article, 10 research articles published in 2011-2024 were used as sources of information. This review article discusses that internal factors of stunting can be caused by genetic factors influenced by growth genes, one of which is GHSR and IGF1R. Whole genome sequencing revealed potential genes involved in the growth pathway that showed an association between genetic variation in GHSR and IGF with the risk of the body's production or response to growth hormone that causes delayed child growth. The evidence highlights the possibility that these putative genetic markers could offer more effective treatment by focusing on the pathophysiology associated with development stunting. Due to lack of genetic studies on stunting genes carried out in Asian nations, genetic testing has not been used in clinical practice as a routine evaluation in the current national implementation, especially in Indonesia
Comparison of Two PCR Primer Sets for In-House Validation of GHSR Gene Variation Detection Employing Artificial Recombinant Plasmid Approach Ahsanal Kasasiah; Jekmal Malau; Sekar Andjung Tresnawati; Priscinya Christiana Debora; Nur Komala Fitri; Saarah Hamidah Asmara Indratno; Asman Hitopik; Eriyanti Astika; Anisa Aula Rahma; Fikri, Al Mukhlas
Biota Vol 10 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Biota 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v10i2.21166

Abstract

Stunting is a significant global public health problem caused by long-term dietary deficits that affect many children worldwide. Both environmental and genetic factors, including variants in the GHSR gene, play a crucial role in stunted growth. This study used an artificial recombinant plasmid DNA method to evaluate two primer set combinations for identifying DNA variants in the GHSR gene. Selecting suitable primer sets for identifying GHSR genetic variants linked to stunting is essential, as evidenced by PCR and sequencing techniques. The target gene, based on the GHSR reference sequence, consists of eight DNA variations (ΔQ36, G57G, P108L, L118L, R159R, C173R, D246A, and A277P). A recombinant plasmid was created by inserting a 1000 bp fragment of the GHSR gene into the pUC57 backbone. Primer sets were chosen based on their capacity to amplify these eight genetic variations and were optimized and validated using PCR methods. PCR and bi-directional sequencing verified the existence of surrounding DNA and specific single nucleotide variants (SNVs). In our study, we discovered four changes in the DNA sequence (R159R G>A, C173R T>C, D246A A>C, and A277P G>C) using the E1_F2/E1_R3 primer pair. Additionally, a new combination of primers (E1_F1/E1_R3) effectively detected seven DNA sequence mutations (ΔQ36 del CAG, G57G C>T, P108L C>T, L118L C>T, R159R G>A, C173R T>C, and D246A A>C). We have developed a new combination of forward and reverse primers to identify seven SNVs in the GHSR gene, which could serve as a diagnostic tool in clinical laboratory settings.
Effect of Mycotoxin Exposure on Stunting and Growth Impairment in Children: A Systematic Literature Review Rahma, Anisa Aula; Malau, Jekmal; Kasasiah, Ahsanal
Jurnal Ners Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JANUARI 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v9i1.29273

Abstract

Stunting is a critical public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is traditionally attributed to malnutrition and environmental factors. Emerging evidence suggests that mycotoxin exposure is a risk factor. This systematic review, conducted using PRISMA guidelines, investigates the association between mycotoxin exposure and childhood stunting/growth impairment. Twelve relevant studies (predominantly cross-sectional and prospective cohorts) are identified, focusing on children aged 0-5 years in Africa and Asia. Aflatoxins (AFB1, AFM1) and fumonisins (UFB1) are the primary mycotoxins analyzed, measured through biomarkers in biological samples (blood, urine, breast milk). Aflatoxin exposure consistently demonstrates a negative impact on child growth, as evidenced by decreasing anthropometric z-scores (LAZ, WAZ, HAZ). Additionally, it significantly increases the risk of stunting and underweight. Potential mechanisms include disruption of the IGF signaling pathway, oxidative stress, impaired protein synthesis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and nutrient malabsorption. Fumonisins, both independently and in co-exposure with aflatoxins, are also linked to growth impairment. This review highlights the detrimental effect of mycotoxin exposure on child growth. While aflatoxin exposure appears to be a major contributor, fumonisins warrant further investigation. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms and exploring interactions with other risk factors are crucial next steps. Addressing mycotoxin-related stunting necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
Gut Microbiota Types between Well-Grown and Stunted Children: A Systematic Review Astika, Eriyanti; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Malau, Jekmal; Fikri, Al Mukhlas
JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS Vol 10, No 2: Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus July 2024
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jpbn.v10i2.5871

Abstract

Stunting, one of the malnutrition in the prenatal period up to the first two years of life and often exacerbated by recurrent gastrointestinal infections after birth. This study explores from various databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sage Journal, Springer Link, with keywords: "stunting, gut microbiota, toddler". In this study, 10 open access articles published in 2016-2024 were used as sources of information using PRISMA 2020 guideline. It was found that the presence of gut microbiota plays a role in stunting. Gastrointestinal infections have specific mechanisms that can lead to impaired growth and postnatal growth. Deficiency of non-pathogenic gut microbiota is considered to be the main cause. Changes in gut bacterial composition in children under five are associated with increased gastrointestinal frequency, which in turn leads to chronic growth disorders.
Influence of LEAP2 (Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2) and Ghrelin Binding to GHSR Gene Receptor as Factors Obesity Incidence: A Literature Review Hitopik, Asman; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Malau, Jekmal
JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS Vol 10, No 3: Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jpbn.v10i3.5834

Abstract

Obesity is a serious issue in global health, which requires a more comprehensive understanding for the development of effective therapies. This study explores the role of Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP2) and its interaction with Ghrelin in regulating Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) as a potential obesity event. This method used in this review is a systematic literature analysis. The results obtained show that LEAP2, originally known as an antimicrobial, plays a significant role in metabolic regulation and body weight regulation. LEAP2 acts as a Ghrelin antagonist, reduces orexigenic effects and inhibits food intake, and exerts positive effects in tackling the effects of obesity such as hyperlipidemia and inflammation. The study also highlighted the potential of LEAP2 as a therapeutic target in obesity treatment, with palmitoylation modification showing increased stability and effectiveness of LEAP2. However, further understanding and clinical trial studies are needed to validate the preclinical findings and evaluate the long-term effects of LEAP2 regulation on human body weight and metabolic health, thus providing a basis for exploring potential clinical applications in future anti-obesity drug development
Marine-Derived Chitosan Biopolymers as Antibacterial Agents: A Review Nurhadis, Nurhadis; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Hitopik, Asman
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 19 No. 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v19i6.8021

Abstract

The growing issue of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to an increasing need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from marine organisms such as crustaceans (shrimp, crabs) and mollusks (shellfish), has shown significant antibacterial properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan extracted from various marine sources against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. A comprehensive search of studies published in the past decade was conducted across multiple databases, using predefined inclusion criteria to identify relevant experimental research that focused on quantitative data, such as inhibition zones. The review analyzes key variables, including chitosan extraction methods, concentrations, and experimental conditions. The results revealed that chitosan exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli, while S. epidermidis showed moderate susceptibility. Variations in antibacterial effectiveness were attributed to differences in chitosan extraction methods and experimental conditions. Despite these variations, the overall evidence supports the potential of chitosan as an effective antimicrobial agent, demonstrating significant inhibition against a wide range of bacterial strains. The findings suggest that chitosan may serve as a promising natural alternative to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, further research is needed to standardize extraction techniques, explore the antibacterial mechanisms, and conduct in vivo studies to validate its clinical applications. These findings underscore chitosan's potential as a sustainable and effective solution in addressing the global challenge of bacterial resistance.
Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis; Pemanfaatan Teknologi CRISPR-CAS9 Untuk Pengobatan Penyakit Huntington’s Sari, Meliana; Kasasiah, Ahsanal
Media Farmasi Vol 20 No 2 (2024): Media Farmasi Edisi Oktober 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Poltekkes kemenkes Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32382/mf.v20i2.704

Abstract

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG triple expansion (>36) in the first exon of the HTT gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Advances in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, provide new hope for correcting the genetic mutations underlying HD. This review article aims to review the potential and effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas9 technology as a therapeutic tool for HD. The writing method used was Systematic Literature Review, with literature searches conducted using three databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. This study reviewed several studies that used in vivo and in vitro models to evaluate the impact of HTT gene editing on mutant huntingtin protein expression and HD symptoms. Results showed that CRISPR-Cas9 can effectively reduce mutant huntingtin protein expression, reduce neuronal toxicity, and improve motor symptoms in mouse models of HD. Although these results are promising, further studies are needed to optimize the safety and effectiveness of using CRISPR-Cas9 in genetic therapy for HD.
Primer Design of Porcine DNA using Mitochondrial DNA (Cyt b Gene) for Halal Authentication using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Rohmah, Siti; Irwansyah, Silvana Lestari; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Malau, Jekmal
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v7i1.2418

Abstract

The Muslim community has difficulties in determining the halal status of animal-derived items and their derivatives due to their extensive prevalence. Islamic customers are increasingly becoming more selective and are demanding halal certification for culinary goods. Developing a way to identify porcine DNA in goods is of utmost importance. The Cyt b gene is being used to evaluate swine DNA samples by using primer candidates. The process of generating primers utilizing bioinformatics tools, such as NCBI, MegaXI, Primer3Plus, SnapGene Viewer, and Net Primer websites, is utilized to assess and analyze the effectiveness of laboratory research. The study concluded that the primers effectively amplified pig DNA, but they were unsuccessful in amplifying chicken or beef DNA. After conducting in silico experiments, a total of 7 possible primers were generated. The most advantageous pair of primers was identified, which includes the forward primer 5'-AACATCCGAAATCACACCC-3' and the reverse primer 5'-AGAATGATATTTGTCCTCAGGG-3'. The efficacy of these primers was evaluated in a controlled laboratory environment. Results from the laboratory experiments demonstrate that these particular primers have the ability to amplify the Cyt b gene from the Sus scrofa species at a temperature of 58°C, producing a DNA fragment that is 415 base pairs long. DNA sequencing is essential to verify that the amplified DNA band matches to the Sus scrofa Cyt b gene. Keywords:          PCR, Porcine, Primer, Cyt b, Halal