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Increasing The Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sandy Soil with High Water Levels Using Mini-pile Moh. Ilham Farihi; Agata Iwan Candra; Dwifi Aprillia Karisma; Nur Addin Fatkunada; Malik Ibrahim; Bagas Naga Pratala Haryadi; Rahadi Reswara
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 18 No. 2
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2024.018.02.2

Abstract

In the Kediri Regency area, it is planned to build a 3-story shophouse as one of the supporting facilities and the community’s economic needs. This area has sandy soil conditions and a high-water table. The purpose of this study was to calculate the carrying capacity of the soil in constructing a 3-story shophouse using the Terzaghi, Mayerhof, and Hansen methods. The condition of the soil with a relatively high groundwater table made the implementation of the footplate foundation less effective, so a modification of the foundation was made, which added three mini-piles measuring 0.4x0.4x1.5m, with a design load supported by the foundation of 100 t/m². Calculations with the Mayerhof and Hansen methods have nearly identical results but have not fulfilled the planned load. At a foundation depth of up to 3 m with an SF value of 3, for the Terzaghi method: 107.75 t/m2, the Mayerhof method: 92.51 t/m2, and the Hansen method: 94.68 t/m2. The results can be used as an alternative in constructing a 3-story shophouse with sandy soil conditions and high groundwater levels. This research can also be a reference for other regions facing similar problems.
Theoretical Enhancement of Point Resistance in Sandy Soils Using Bio-Inspired Cranial Asperity Ratios Candra, Agata Iwan; Munawir, As'ad; Zaika, Yulvi; Suryo, Eko Andi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-01-011

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the bearing capacity of pile foundations in sandy soils through a bio-inspired approach by modifying Meyerhof’s empirical equation using a cranial correction factor. The adjustment considers the geometric influence of the asperity length–height ratio (L/H 20, 26.67, and 33.33) applied to different pile diameters. The analysis was carried out theoretically by calculating point resistance (Qp) using the modified equation, followed by validation through ANOVA and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The results indicate that an L/H ratio of 20 provides the most significant improvement in Qp, ranging from 11.7% to 465.8% compared to the conventional Meyerhof model, particularly at lower D/B ratios where stress concentration can be optimally mobilized. Larger ratios such as 26.67 and 33.33 also improve capacity, though less effectively than L/H 20, yet still outperform unmodified foundations. The correction factors obtained, ranging from Cᵣ 1.07 to 5.66, demonstrate the substantial contribution of geometric modification to load transfer efficiency. The novelty of this research lies in integrating anisotropic interface properties into the classical Meyerhof model, thereby bridging the gap between isotropic predictions and anisotropic experimental evidence. Accordingly, the developed theoretical framework not only strengthens the basis for calculating pile bearing capacity but also opens new avenues for bio-inspired foundation design that is more efficient and sustainable.
INCREASING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF SQUARE FOUNDATIONS BASED ON SOYBEAN BIO-CEMENTATION Annas Dwi Safi'i; Agata Iwan Candra; Mahardika Kamalika Khusna Ali
Jurnal Pensil : Pendidikan Teknik Sipil Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Pensil : Pendidikan Teknik Sipil
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/jpensil.v14i3.57680

Abstract

Sandy soils are commonly employed as the foundation for shallow footings. However, their relatively low bearing capacity often leads to excessive settlement and deformation. This study examines the potential application of the Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) technique based on soybeans. Utilizing urease derived from soybeans to catalyze the crystallization of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This research investigates the impact of EICP-induced carbonate precipitation on the bearing capacity of sandy soil in square footings. 4 x 4 cm footing model was tested using the AIC-Innovation Loading Test apparatus. Direct shear additional tests were performed to assess differences in increase cohesion and shear angle. The results show 174.90% increase in bearing capacity, 73.47% reduction in settlement, 300.64% increase in cohesion from the shear test, and  202.46% increase from the loading test. The shear angle increased by 56.34%, and the dry unit weight increased by 36.5%. ANOVA analysis with a p-value of 2.03 × 10⁻¹⁵ < 0.05 confirmed that the increase in bearing capacity was not due to random variation but to the EICP treatment. These findings demonstrate that EICP proves to be a viable technique to enhance sandy soil and contributes to advancing of bio-cementation based on organic materials as a sustainable solution.
Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) Biostimulation Increases Slope Safety Factor on Low Plasticity Soils Ali, Mahardi Kamalika Khusna; Candra, Agata Iwan; Rayhansah, Rina Rebut
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 20 No. 2
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2026.020.02.2

Abstract

Low-plasticity clay (CL) soils are commonly found in tropical regions and generally have high water content, which reduces shear strength and lowers the slope safety factor (Fs). Conventional stabilization methods such as cement and fly ash are considered environmentally unfriendly because they produce high carbon emissions. Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) has emerged as a sustainable alternative for enhancing soil strength through the formation of biologically induced calcite. However, most previous MICP studies on slopes have focused on sandy soils, erosion control, and bioaugmentation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the application of Biostimulated MICP on high-moisture CL soils that represent tropical conditions and their relationship with slope Fs. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biostimulated MICP on the stability of high-moisture CL soil slopes. Small-scale slopes were created in boxes with a 60° angle using the air pluviation method. The biostimulation solution used included urea, CaCl?, CH?COONa, NaOH, and sugarcane molasses to activate indigenous urease-producing bacteria. Testing included direct shear tests and slope-model loading tests with incubation times of 0 and 7 days. Fs analysis used an infinite-slope approach under steady-state seepage conditions. The results showed a 90.15% increase in cohesion and a 37.05% increase in internal friction angle, thereby increasing Fs to 88.72% after 7 days of MICP treatment. The results of the slope loading test showed a 105.41% increase in slope bearing capacity. These results indicate that the increase in cohesion and friction angle due to MICP is reflected in the slope's load-carrying capacity and in an increase in the Fs value. The findings indicate that biostimulated MICP has the potential as a sustainable slope stabilization technique and is suitable for tropical soil conditions.
Evaluasi Metode Meyerhof dan Schmertmann–Nottingham Berbasis CPT untuk Meningkatkan Reliabilitas Estimasi Qu Jarmiati Pinkan Ladiyana; Agata Iwan Candra
Jurnal Konstruksi Vol 24 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Konstruksi
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Garut

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33364/konstruksi/v.24-1.3164

Abstract

Differences in pile dimensions and layered soil geotechnical characteristics have the potential to reduce the accuracy of foundation bearing capacity estimation; therefore, a more accurate and verified calculation approach is required. This study evaluates the ultimate bearing capacity (Qu) based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data by comparing the Meyerhof method and the Schmertmann–Nottingham method for piles with diameters of 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm at two test locations (S1 and S2). The evaluation results indicate that the Schmertmann–Nottingham method produces higher Qu values than the Meyerhof method for all pile diameter variations, with a very strong linear relationship between pile diameter and Qu, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2 >= 0.97). Statistical validation using ANOVA proves that both the calculation method and pile diameter have a significant effect on Qu, with pile diameter being the dominant factor in increasing the sensitivity and reliability of ultimate bearing capacity estimation based on CPT data.
OPTIMALISASI JARAK PEMASANGAN PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN (PVD) DALAM POLA PERSEGI PADA PERBAIKAN TANAH LUNAK Sofya Marinda Putri Wilis; Agata Iwan Candra; Fauzie Nursandah
Racic : Rab Construction Research Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): DESEMBER
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/racic.v9i2.4574

Abstract

Abstract Due the construction phase in project of the Dhoho Kediri International Airport Toll Road at STA 7+000 – STA 7+100 mentioned soft soil, leading to significant and time-consuming consolidation. In an effort to expedite the consolidation process, the preloading method with Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) is applied. This method includes backfilling plan and PVD installation to reduce the flow of pore water in the soil, allowing for faster consolidation. This research aims to enhance the effectiveness of soil improvement by evaluating the influence of PVD installation distances in a square pattern. The research focuses on the analysis of soil parameters and PVD installation at distances ranging from 1.1m to 1.7m. The results indicate that the installation of square-patterned PVD is effective in accelerating consolidation. The final settlement prediction using the Terzaghi One-Dimensional approach provides practical references. Simulation results for distances between 1.1m and 1.7m show that 1.1m is the most effective distance because closer PVD installations result in faster consolidation times. This is evidenced by the consolidation time comparison, where without PVD, it takes 51,92 years to achieve 90% consolidation, while with PVD, it only requires 144 days. These findings are expected to provide practical guidance and significant contributions to the design of soil improvement in similar toll road construction projects. Keywords: Distance, Consolidation, Prefabricated Vertical Drain, Square pattern, Preloading.
Pendampingan Penilaian Kelayakan Struktur Beton Bertulang Ruko 2 Lantai Menggunakan Uji Non-Destruktif: Penelitian Dwifi Aprillia Karisma; Agata Iwan Candra; Zendy Bima Mahardana
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Volume 4 Nomor 3 (Januari 202
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.5580

Abstract

Bangunan ruko beton bertulang banyak digunakan sebagai fasilitas kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat, sehingga pemantauan kondisi struktur secara dini diperlukan untuk menjaga keselamatan dan fungsi layan bangunan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini melakukan pendampingan kepada pemilik bangunan dalam penilaian kelayakan struktur beton bertulang pada ruko dua lantai menggunakan metode uji non-destruktif. Permasalahan mitra berupa lendutan balok dan retakan struktur. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi konsultasi teknis, investigasi visual, pengukuran lendutan dan retak, serta pengujian non-destruktif menggunakan hammer test. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan lendutan balok 3,00–3,75 cm dan lendutan pelat 1,25–2,10 cm, disertai panjang retak balok 45–70 cm dan pelat 135–240 cm. Uji hammer test mengindikasikan kuat tekan beton relatif rendah, yaitu 16,8–18,2 MPa pada balok dan 17,7–18,1 MPa pada pelat. Pembongkaran sebagian menunjukkan tebal selimut balok 5,0–6,0 cm dan pelat 2,65–3,50 cm. Melalui pendampingan, mitra memperoleh pemahaman mengenai kondisi aktual struktur dan rekomendasi perbaikan berupa perbaikan retak, perkuatan lokal, serta pemantauan berkala untuk menjaga keamanan bangunan jangka panjang.
GAMBARAN SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK TANAH DI KECAMATAN KAUMAN KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG Niko Andika Erwanda; Agata Iwan Candra; Atsfiela Dzulkhan Qalby; Salman Alfaridh Pasya; Nadi Rheiza Fathurrohman; Prendy Eliya Mahendra; Muhammad Rosyid Abdul Rohman Fauzy
Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Vol 6, No 2 (2023): Maret 2023
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (791.129 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jrrs.v6i2.70996

Abstract

Bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Kauman, Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur mengakibatkan berbagai dampak buruk bagi kegiatan masyarakat dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui klasifikasi tanah di daerah tersebut, metode yang digunakan adalah pengujian batas atterberg, analisa ayakan, pemadatan dan kuat geser. Sampel tanah diambil dari lokasi bekas longsoran, dan selanjutnya di uji di Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Universitas Kadiri. Hasil dari penelitian pada pengujian batas cair mendapatkan nilai 60,815%, pengujian batas plastis mendapatkan nilai sebesar 32,24%, pengujian analisa ayakan mendapatkan hasil golongan tanah berjenis SW, pengujian pemadatan tanah mendapatkan nilai kadar air optimum sebesar 34,93% dan berat volume kering maksimum sebesar 1,38 gr/cm3 dan pengujian kuat geser tanah mendapatkan nilai kohesi sebesar 2,532 Kpa dan nilai sudut geser sebesar 17,391 derajat, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanah tersebut rawan bencana longsor, sehingga perlunya sebuah desain khusus pada lereng tersebut terkait kemiringan kelerengannya dan model dari dinding penahan untuk mengatasi longsor.
ANALISA KETAHANAN GESER TANAH LEMPUNG DI WILAYAH UNIVERSITAS KADIRI DENGAN UJI KUAT GESER LANGSUNG Khoirun Nisa'; Agata Iwan Candra; Mohammad Abdul Aziz Hanafi; Rahmat Heru; Arif Rivianto
Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Vol 6, No 1 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1004.193 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jrrs.v6i1.61580

Abstract

Tanah lempung adalah salah satu jenis tanah lunak berbutir halus dan memiliki luas permukaan yang lebih besar dibanding diameter partikelnya. Tanah lempung memiliki kompresibilitas dan pemampatan yang tinggi, serta memiliki sifat kembang susut akibat interaksi dengan air. Faktor tersebut mengakibatkan daya dukung tanah menjadi rendah sehingga rawan terjadi kelongsoran apabila tanah tersebut dijadikan sebagai dasar perletakan konstruksi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan stabilisasi tanah. Tujuan stabilisasi tanah adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan tanah dalam menahan beban dan daya dukung dengan peningkatan parameter kuat geser tanah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji kuat geser langsung yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Universitas Kadiri menggunakan mesin Direct Shear Test diperoleh  nilai kohesi sebesar 0,224 kPa dan nilai sudut geser dalam sebesar 3,783°, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanah di wilayah Universitas Kadiri ini rawan terjadi kelongsoran dan perlu dilakukan upaya stabilisasi tanah apabila difungsikan sebagai dasar perletakan suatu konstruksi.
KEDELAI MENINGKATKAN DAYA DUKUNG FONDASI TELAPAK LINGKARAN Zaizafun Zakiya; Agata Iwan Candra; Mahardi Kamalika Khusna Ali
Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jrrs.v9i2.105478

Abstract

Tanah pasir lepas memiliki daya dukung rendah akibat porositas tinggi dan ikatan antarbutir yang lemah. Kondisi ini menjadi tantangan signifikan dalam perencanaan konstruksi fondasi dangkal, karena berisiko menyebabkan penurunan berlebih dan ketidakstabilan struktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas metode Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) berbasis ekstrak kedelai dalam meningkatkan kapasitas daya dukung tanah tersebut. Perlakuan dilakukan satu kali dengan menyuntikkan 9 liter larutan EICP ke dalam media pasir menggunakan metode two-phase. Rasio larutan urease (dari ekstraksi bubuk kedelai) dan sementasi (1 mol/L urea dan 1 mol/L CaCl₂) adalah 1:1, dengan konsentrasi total 22,24% terhadap berat kering pasir. Pengujian meliputi uji beban statik aksial (ASTM D1194) dan uji geser langsung (ASTM D3080). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas daya dukung ultimit meningkat sebesar 272,7% (uji aksial) dan 368,2% (perhitungan). Peningkatan sifat tanah juga terlihat dari nilai kohesi hingga 13,78 kPa, sudut geser dalam mencapai 57,16°, dan berat volume tanah naik dari 13,48 menjadi 18,00 kN/m³. Uji ANOVA (F(1,114) = 239,97; p &lt; 0,001) mengonfirmasi pengaruh perlakuan yang signifikan secara statistik. Disimpulkan bahwa metode EICP berbasis kedelai efektif dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah pasir lepas, serta meningkatkan daya dukung fondasi telapak lingkaran secara signifikan.
Co-Authors Abidatul Izzah Aditia, Trio Syiwa Aditiya Yayang Nurkafi Afif Nur Rahmadi Afif Nur Rahmadi, Afif Nur Afriyan Arsya Sabilla Agung Guncoro Ahmad Ridwan Ahmad Ridwan Ahmad Ridwan Ahmad Ridwan Ahmad Ridwan Ahmada Khotibul Umam Aldri Frinaldi Alfaridh Pasya, Salman Alfina Iskindaria Altara, Jecksindio Elten Alvin Hidayat Amanda Rizky F Anasrudin Yusuf Andri Dwi Cahyono Annas Dwi Safi&#039;i Annas Dwi Safi'i April Gunarto April Gunarto April Gunarto Ardinata Ardinata Ariadi Santoso Ariadi Santoso, Ariadi Arif Fathur Rohman Arif Rivianto Arif Rivianto Arini Indriyasari Arthur Daniel Limantara, Arthur Daniel Ashabul Yamin Atsfiela Dzulkhan Qalby Bagas Naga Pratala Haryadi Bella Amiria Rahmahima Bima Mahardana, Zendy Budi Heryanto Budi Winarno Budi Winarno Candra Yulianto Dery Maharnindra Dicko Mahendra Dikhy Ridho Laksono Dodi Setiawan Dwi Hartanto Dwi K, Mohamad Agus Dwifi Aprilia Karisma Dwifi Aprilia Kharisma Dwifi Aprillia Karisma Edy Gardjito, Edy Eko Andi Suryo Eko Siswanto Eko Siswanto Eko Winarti Elsa Rizqi Purwanti Evita Fitrianis Hidiyati Faiz Muhammad Azhari Fajar Romadhon Fajar Romadhon Fandra Andriansyah P Farikhatul Mufaidah Fatkunada, Nur Addin Fauzie Nursandah Fauzie Nursandah Febrian, Bagas Fianca Nimas Yamada Puteri Fidyan Mamlu&#039;atul Husna Fitry Rahmawaty Fransesco Indra Permana Friska Windi Meira Aisyah Galang Santoso Hadi Mashuri Hendy Hendy Hendy Henny Prasetiyo Heri Wahyudiono Herlan Pratikto Herlangga Duta Pramudya Hermawan Hermawan Hidiyati, Evita Fitrianis Hikmatul Lailiya Husna, Nadiya Ibnu Gunawan Ilham Rizqi Nurdian Putra Imam Mustofa Imam Safi'i Jarmiati Pinkan Ladiyana Kavindo Yugiswara Hutama Khoirun Nisa' Ki Catur Budi Ki Catur Budi Ki Catur Budi S Krisdiyanto Nugroho Leo Agusta Utama Lin Sintyawati M Ilham Fauzil Fahmi Mahardi Kamalika Khusna Ali Mahardika Kamalika Khusna Ali Mahardika, Rega Malik Ibrahim Ma’rifatul Mumayyizah Meylinda Vricilia Meyrinda Tobing Mishbahul Aziz Moch Aminuddin Moch. Risjad Aldiansyah Mochamad Rizki Mochammad Danara Indra Pradigta Moh. Idham Cholid Moh. Ilham Farihi Mohamad Agus Fajar Wibowo Mohammad Abdul Aziz Hanafi Mohammad Roziq Muchammad Sutikno Mudinillah, Adam Muhammad Bahrudin Muhammad Feggi Saputra Muhammad Heri Nastotok Muhammad Heri Nastotok Muhammad Lutfi Amzari Muhammad Nasih Al hasbi Muhammad Ridho Muhammad Rosyid Abdul Rohman Fauzy Muhammad Sulton Bahrudin Mukhammad Ibnul Mubarok Munawir, As'ad Nadi Rheiza Fathurrohman Niko Andika Erwanda Nur Addin Fatkunada Nur Rohmatin Nursandah, Fauzie Ogest Tegar Widyakrama Oktaviadi, Mohammad Reza Onie Wardani Pertiwi, Sheila Ananda Putri Prendy Eliya Mahendra Putri, Yuzi Melia Adi Rahadi Reswara Rahmat Heru Rahmat Heru Rahmat Heru Supriyo Rahmat Heru Supriyo Rahmawati, Apriliya Laily Ramadhan Mahendra Ravie Setya Putra Rayhansah, Rina Rebut Rekso Ajiono Ricky Putra Ardianto Rikha Wirda Izzati Rina Dwi Fatika Rina Dwi Fatika Rivianto, Arif Rohmat Ilyas Kurniawan Roid Ahmad Faizin Romadhon Romadhon Romadhon, Fajar Safi'i, Annas Dwi Safi'i, Imam Safi’i, Annas Dwi Saiful Muslimin Salman Alfaridh Pasya Sari, Tiara Sherlyta Satria Arung Bangun Samodera Satria Febby Romaadhoni Sefiyanti, Redyka Sheila Ananda Putri Pertiwi Sigit Winarto Sigit Winarto Sigit Winarto Sigit Winarto Sofya Marinda Putri Wilis Sony Santoso Sony Susanto Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko, Sri Wiwoho Sudjati Sudjati Sudjati Sudjati Sugeng Yani Widodo Sulik Anam Sulik Anam Sulik Anam Sumargono Sumargono Sumargono Sumargono Sumargono Supriadi Supriadi Supriono Supriono Suwarno Suwarno Tiara Sherlyta Sari Tiok Kresna Aji Two Puji Guntur A Uminarsih Uminarsih Veithzal Rivai Zainal Vella Maulina Kris Putri Wahyu Agung Nugroho Wardani, Onie Widodo Restu Putra Widodo, Silvi Rushanti winarti, eko Wisnu Arganata Yosef Cahyo Yosef Cahyo Yosef Cahyo S Yosef Cahyo S.P Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto Purnomo Yulvi Zaika Yusiane Saraswati Yuzi Melia Adi Putri Zaizafun Zakiya Zaizafun Zakiya Zakiya, Zaizafun Zendy Bima Mahardana