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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan JBIO: jurnal biosains (the journal of biosciences) Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari Habitat AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi BIOGENESIS Jurnal Gramaswara: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat JAPI: Jurnal Akses Pengabdian Indonesia
Maharani Pertiwi Koentjoro
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Brantas River, Malang Raya and Their Biofilm Formation Ability: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Mahira, Syarafin; Yoga Dwi Jatmiko; Maharani Pertiwi Koentjoro
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 16 No. 01 (2026)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.16.01.14

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments has become an important public health concern due to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) through river water, which provides favorable conditions for biofilm formation and enables bacteria to survive environmental stresses, including antibiotic exposure. The Brantas River water is still widely used for household activities, increasing the potential dissemination of bacteria through water exposure. This study aims to determine the phenotypic characteristics, identify tetracycline-resistant bacterial species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and analyze the level of biofilm formation and cell density within the biofilm by tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates. Tetracycline-resistant isolates were phenotypically characterized and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Detection of tetracycline resistance genes was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Biofilm formation ability was evaluated using the crystal violet (CV) assay in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and Brantas River water, exopolysaccharide (EPS) extraction, and then the cell density in the biofilm was calculated using Total Plate Count (TPC). Isolates TET-15.1 and TET-40.1 were found to be resistant to all four concentrations. Identification results showed similarities between TET-15.1 with Alcaligenes faecalis; and TET-40.1 with Serratia sp. The resistant genes found in both isolates were tet(S) and tet(B). Alcaligenes faecalis TET-15.1 had the highest biofilm formation ability and higher EPS production than Serratia sp. TET-40.1, with OD584 values ranging from 1.5 to 2.25 and EPS concentration of 4 – 5 mg/mL at tetracycline concentration of 8 μg/mL. The biofilm formation cycle reached maturity after 16 hours of incubation and then dispersed after 32 hours. These findings indicate that tetracycline-resistant bacteria from the Brantas River possess biofilm forming capabilities that may contribute to their environmental persistence and potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
Co-Authors Adyan Donastin Afifah, Kufah Nur Ahmad Nuril Fuad Al Fatih Al Fatih, Ahmad Nuril Fuad Al zamzami, Ilham Misbakudin Alfi Muflikhah Lestari Ali Mustafa Sidauruk Alviani, Melinda Nuril Amin, Abd Aziz Andi Kurniawan Anggayasti, Wresti L. Anggraeni, Ike Listya Anthon Efani Ashari, Fadhil Muhamad Ayuningtyas Megawati Bambang Semedi Bambang Semedi Beatriex, Cendy Kartika Buana Susilo Bunga Hidayati Dalimartha, Lengga Nurullah Dwi Susanti, Yogita Ayu Efani, Anton Eko Chandra Wiguna Endry Nugroho Prasetiyo Endry Nugroho Prasetyo Eti Setiawati, Eti Galisong, Ridwan Danuarta Gunawan, Fahdynia Karnira Habibah, Laila Nur Hakasmanti, Erika Hardjoko, Arief Tri Harsuko Riniwati Herni Sudarwati Hidayat, Muhammad Taufiq Ida Ekawati Imam Santoso Isdianto Isdianto Isdiantoni Isdiantoni Isdiantoni Kartikaningsih, Hartati Katon Sasongko Damarmoyo Katon, Damarmoyo Sasongko Lengga Nurullah Dalimartha Liana, Afifah Lilik Wahyuni Lisa Aulia, Lisa Mahira, Syarafin Masruroh, Inayatul Moehammad, Khibar Syiar Mufidah, Elya Muhammad Taufiq Hidayat Ningtyas, Anyndia Putri Dwi Candra Nurlelih, Euis Elih Pahlevi, Reza Widhi Pramudia, Zulkisam Prasetiyo, Endry Nugroho Rico Hutama Sulistiyo Rini Yulianingsih Salamah, Lutfi Ni’matus Setyo Nugroho Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh Siti Mariyah Ulfa Sri Sudaryanti, Sri Supriyadi Supriyadi SURYADI, DEDE Susilo, Buana Taufiq Hidayat Tri Wahyu Hidayat Wardah, Nihaya Nailatul Wati, Henny Diana Wiguna, Eko Chandra Wike, Wike Yanuar, Adi Tiya YOGA DWI JATMIKO Yusuf Efendi